Clinical characteristics of testicular torsion and factors influencing testicular salvage in children:A 12-year study in tertiary center

BACKGROUND Testicular torsion is the most common acute scrotum worldwide and mainly occurs in children and adolescents.Studies have demonstrated that the duration of symptoms and torsion grade lead to different outcomes in children diagnosed with testicular torsion.AIM To predict the possibility of testicular salvage(TS)in patients with testicular torsion in a tertiary center.METHODS We reviewed the charts of 75 pediatric patients with acute testicular torsion during a 12-year period from November 2011 to July 2023 at the Suzhou Hospital of Anhui Medical University.Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to determine independent predictors of testicular torsion.The data included clinical findings,physical examinations,laboratory data,color Doppler ultrasound findings,operating results,age,presenting institution status,and follow-up results.RESULTS Our study included 75 patients.TS was possible in 57.3%of all patients;testicular torsion occurred mostly in winter,and teenagers aged 11-15 years old accounted for 60%.Univariate logistic regression analyses revealed that younger age(P=0.09),body mass index(P=0.004),torsion angle(P=0.013),red blood cell count(P=0.03),neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio(P=0.009),and initial presenting institution(P<0.001)were associated with orchiectomy.In multivariate analysis,only the initial presenting institution predicted TS(P<0.05).CONCLUSION The initial presenting institution has a predictive value for predicting TS in patients with testicular torsion.Children with scrotal pain should be admitted to a tertiary hospital as soon as possible.

一种无回跳特性TVS的快速建模方法及验证

瞬态抑制二极管是一种常见的电磁防护器件,在静电防护、浪涌防护、强电磁脉冲防护中有着广泛应用,其瞬态行为对于指导电磁防护设计具有重要意义,但市面上一般没有现成可用的模型。文中基于ADS软件建立一种无回跳特性TVS的仿真模型,使用复杂度较低的TVS模型框架。在建模过程中,分析了模型参数对于精度的影响,并利用S参数测试方法和TLP测试方法获取实测数据,最终构建了两款TVS的完整仿真模型。模型验证结果表明,该模型仿真与实测数据在TVS未工作、即将工作和进入工作状态时都较为一致,仿真与实测误差最大不超过10%,说明其精度足够支撑TVS瞬态仿真。所建立的模型可直接用于TVS的瞬态仿真,该方法也可用于其他无回跳特性TVS的模型构建,为电磁防护设计提供支持。

Laparoscopic Orchidopexy after 4 Weeks of Testicular Traction with Preservation of Blood Supply: A New Concept for the Treatment of Intra-Abdominal Cryptorchidism: Original Article

Background: Testicular atrophy is recurrent after orchidopexy for intra-abdominal cryptorchidism due to damage to vessels. Fowlers-Stephens and Shehata methods proposed staged orchidopexy, but are still associated to a rate of atrophy greater than 10%. Purpose: We set out to present a new technique that preserves testicular vessels. Our study is aimed at investigating testicular vitality after surgery. Patients and Method: We reviewed files of boys who underwent orchidopexy for 2 years in our department. Those who have been operated for intra-abdominal cryptorchidism with the new technique and aged between 6 months and 14 years old were included in our study. We excluded boys who have been operated before 6 months and after 14 years old and those who did not respect their follow-up plane. Ultrasound (US) outcomes were used to measure testicular volumes and blood flow at each postoperative visit. The Sample population was divided into group A and group B representing testes that were followed respectively for 12 and 24 months. Results: 22 boys with 25 testes were included in our study;11 testes in group A and 14 testes in group B. In each group, we noted a significant difference of UDT volumes from the third month after surgery with respective P-values 0.05. There was no statistical difference between UDT and contra lateral testes volumes 12 months after surgery in group A and 24 months in group B with respective P-values of 0.07 and 0.72. All volume differential indexes were Conclusion: This method offers a new perspective in performing safe orchidopexy for intra abdominal undescended testes.

基于高阶TV正则化的叠前动校正域随机噪声压制方法

常规全变分(Total Variation,TV)去噪模型只考虑水平方向和垂直方向的一阶导数信息,处理存在弯曲同相轴的叠前地震资料时会严重破坏振幅信息,而且振幅的横向渐变特征会被压制,从而引起“阶梯效应”。常利用地震数据的局部倾角信息提高TV模型的保幅能力,但局部倾角信息的计算会受到噪声的严重影响。为此,提出在动校正(NMO)域中利用高阶TV正则化去噪模型对叠前地震资料进行随机噪声压制。该方法首先将叠前地震数据转换到NMO域,NMO对噪声的鲁棒性强,同时避免了局部倾角的计算;在NMO域中弯曲同相轴被拉平,然后对其进行高阶TV去噪;最后通过反NMO还原叠前地震数据。以二阶导数为例构造了高阶TV正则化反演去噪目标函数,并在分裂Bregman优化框架下推导了快速优化求解方法。合成地震数据和实际地震资料的处理结果表明,该方法不仅可以有效压制随机噪声,而且可以消除同相轴弯曲和“阶梯效应”造成的振幅失真,提高了TV去噪方法的保幅性能。

基于L1-TV模型参数自适应的脉冲噪声去除

在医学影像、军事目标识别、网络安全、图像处理等多个领域,由于其严重的噪声干扰和大幅度信号突变,脉冲噪声问题广泛存在。针对受脉冲噪声影响的图像去噪问题,研究基于L1-TV模型去除脉冲噪声方法中的自动选取正则化参数问题。对于约束模型的求解问题,采用原对偶方法进行求解。鉴于模型中正则化参数难确定的问题,提出了一种自动求解正则化参数项的方法,减少了反复实验的次数。实验结果表明,提出的自适应选取模型中正则化参数方法具有鲁棒性,不仅能够去除图像中的脉冲噪声,而且较好地保留图像的边缘及细节信息。

Robotic-assisted retroperitoneal lymph node dissection for stage II testicular cancer

Objective:To evaluate the perioperative as well as early oncological outcomes of patients undergoing robotic retroperitoneal lymph node dissection for treatment of testicular cancer.Methods:We conducted a prospective consecutive case series of patients undergoing robotic assisted retroperitoneal lymph node dissection for metastatic testicular cancer between May 2018 and July 2021 at our institution.Data were collected on patient and tumour characteristics,intraoperative and postoperative parameters,and functional and oncological outcomes.Descriptive statistics are presented.Results:Nineteen patients were identified;18(94.7%)completed the procedure robotically and one was converted to open surgery;78.9%of patients had stage≥IIB and 12(63.2%)patients had undergone prior chemotherapy.The median operative time was 300(interquartile range[IQR]240-315)min.Median blood loss was 100(IQR 50-175)mL.Median length of stay was 2(range 1-11)days.All robotically completed patients commenced diet and passed flatus on Day 1 and were discharged by Day 3.The median lymph node yield was 40.5(IQR 38-51)nodes.All patients undergoing nerve-sparing procedures recovered antegrade ejaculatory function.One patient had a Clavien-Dindo III complication(chylous ascites requiring drainage).At a median follow-up of 22.3(IQR 16.3-24.9)months,one patient developed retroperitoneal recurrence,which was successfully treated with second-line chemotherapy;no other patients have had recurrences.Conclusion:Robotic retroperitoneal lymph node dissection is a safe and feasible alternative to open surgery in appropriately selected patients,offering low morbidity.Early oncological outcomes are promising.Larger cohorts and longer follow-ups are required to validate our institution's findings.

Management of Testicular Cancers in Brazzaville

Introduction: Testicular cancer accounts for 5% of urological tumors, predominantly affecting young men. The aim of our study was to report the diagnostic and evolutionary aspects of testicular cancer cases treated in our center. Patients and Methods: A retrospective study conducted over a 15-year period involving 12 patients treated for testicular cancer at the University Hospital of Brazzaville. Results: The median age was 31 years (range 11 to 49 years), with a median consultation delay of 10.6 months (range 3 to 27 months). Scrotal mass was the most common reason for consultation. Cancer was bilateral in two patients. Two patients were admitted with metastatic disease. Histopathological examination favored germ cell tumors in 7 cases, two cases of non-Hodgkin’s malignant lymphoma, and one case of epididymo-testicular adenocarcinoma. Adjuvant chemotherapy resulted in complete remission in patients with germ cell tumors. However, neoadjuvant chemotherapy was not effective in patients admitted with advanced-stage disease. Conclusion: Testicular cancer is a rare condition that is curable in the majority of cases, but its management is often complicated in our setting due to delayed diagnosis caused by taboos surrounding genital organ pathologies.

无卤阻燃PPE注塑TV后壳的成型缺陷以及解析

无卤阻燃PPE材料由于其优异的性能以及外观广泛应用于高档显示器外壳,然而相比于传统的PC/ABS材料,其在注塑成型中通常会遇到冷胶、料花、气纹等大量问题限制了其的广泛应用。本文从实际注塑成型出发,对应用于TV后壳的无卤阻燃PPE材料在注塑过程中常见的成型缺陷进行分析,探究注塑工艺参数、以及模具结构设计对这些成型缺陷的影响,进而为产品的开发设计以及成型注塑提供指导。

Open Scrotal Trauma Complicated by Testicular Evisceration: An Unusual Injury after a Brawl in 2 Cases

Background: Scrotal trauma is a rare injury, and can compromise reproductive function. If in closed trauma, a morphological assessment of the lesion is usually necessary before treatment, in open trauma otherwise, namely in the case of testicular evisceration, surgical exploration is the rule. Objective: To present the management of open scrotal trauma. Case Presentation: These were two adults aged 42 and 63, admitted for post-traumatic testicular evisceration. One of the patients presented with signs of infection due to a diagnosis delay. Management consisted on surgical exploration, with scrotal debridement and testicular reintegration. The evolution was favourable. Conclusion: Open scrotal trauma is a rare lesion that can cause testicular evisceration. It requires surgical exploration, which should be systematic.

Exploring the effect and mechanisms of Epimedium on diabetic testicular injury using network pharmacology,molecular docking,and cell experiments

Background:Studying the potential targets and mechanisms of Epimedium for anti-diabetic testicular injury using network pharmacology,molecular docking,and cell experiments.Methods:Acquisition of major components and targets of Epimedium was based on TCMSP,TCMID,and Symmap databases and retrieval of diabetic testicular injury targets by OMIM,GeneCards,Pharmgkb,and Drugbank databases.Intersecting targets were obtained from the Venny 2.1.0 database and input SRTING data to construct a protein-protein interaction(PPI)network,and key targets were screened in Cytoscape 3.8.0 software.Then the Gene Ontology(GO)and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)enrichment analyses of intersecting targets were conducted through the DAVID database.Further,AutoDock software was used to verify docking between the main components and the core target proteins.In addition,a Cell Counting Kit-8(CCK-8)assay was used to determine the survival effect of quercetin,the main component of Epimedium,on TM4 sertoli-like cells exposed to palmitic acid(PA).Results:Quercetin,kaempferol and luteolin in epimedium were identified as the main components in the treatment of diabetic testicular injury.It has core target proteins including MMP9,AKT1,and TNF.The biological process mainly involves the regulation of the apoptotic signaling pathway.The key pathways of KEGG are the AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications,PI3K-Akt and MAPK signaling pathway.Molecular docking results showed that quercetin had the strongest binding ability to MMP9.Also,PA-challenged cells had a lower survival rate,which was alleviated by the administration of quercetin.Conclusion:Our findings suggest that Epimedium attenuates diabetes mellitus(DM)-induced testicular injury through AGE-RAGE,PI3K-Akt and MAPK signaling pathway.These insights offer a potential therapeutic strategy for managing DM-induced testicular injury,will be the basis for future clinical research.

海信并购东芝TVS:“一体三融”整合之道

作为中国企业出海先行者,海信集团有限公司(简称海信)积累了丰富的跨国并购经验。2015年,海信并购夏普墨西哥工厂,使之规模扩大三倍,生产效率显著提升。2018年,海信并购东芝映像系统公司(Toshiba Visual Solutions Corporation,简称TVS)。经过18个月的并购后整合,TVS成功实现扭亏为盈。同年,海信为进一步拓展海外市场,收购欧洲高端白色家电制造商古洛尼(Gorenje)。经过15个月的整合,古洛尼不仅扭亏为盈,更是在技术创新、品牌形象提升、国际市场拓展、产品线优化等方面取得显著成效。

场景理论下芒果TV的转型--以其推理解密类网络综艺为例

为降低过度娱乐化为平台带来的负面影响,芒果TV尝试将主流价值观的引导融入平台运营和节目创作中。其推出的推理解密类综艺为此思路下节目创作的代表,它将娱乐性和教育性相结合,为其他视频平台创作提供思路和借鉴。

基于TVS和电容的浪涌保护电路

在电源供电系统中,浪涌的产生会对电子元器件造成不可逆的损害。电源开断瞬息产生的强力尖峰脉冲会对集成电路进行浪涌冲击。本文就浪涌电压冲击对电路造成的损害,通过理论和实验分析了TVS实际选型问题,并对比分析了TVS电路和电容电路对浪涌冲击带来的失效问题的抑制能力,在此基础上提出了基于TVS和电容的浪涌保护电路方案。In the power supply system, the generation of surge will cause irreversible damage to electronic components. The strong spike pulse produced by the instant of power supply disconnection will cause surge impact to the integrated circuit. In this paper, based on the damage caused by surge voltage shock to the circuit, the actual TVS selection problem is analyzed through theory and experiment, and the suppression ability of TVS and capacitor circuit to the failure problem caused by surge shock is compared and analyzed. On this basis, the surge protection circuit scheme based on TVS and capacitor is proposed.

芒果TV运营模式分析

随着互联网的迅速发展,视频网站正逐渐成为人们获取娱乐和信息的重要渠道。作为中国领先的在线视频平台之一,芒果TV通过独特的运营模式成功吸引了大量用户并实现了市场份额的迅速增长。文章深入探析了芒果TV的运营模式,并探讨了其面临的挑战以及未来发展方向,希望通过对芒果TV运营模式的分析,为其他视频网站的发展提供借鉴。

3D-TVS联合MRI在先天性子宫畸形中的诊断价值

目的:探讨经阴道三维超声(3D-TVS)联合磁共振成像(MRI)在先天性子宫畸形中的诊断价值。方法:选取2021年5月至2023年5月于我院就诊的85例疑似先天性子宫畸形患者为研究对象,经宫腔镜检查结果显示,阳性患者65例,阴性患者20例,统计3D-TVS、MRI单独及联合诊断结果,分析其诊断效能,分析3D-TVS、MRI单独及联合诊断的一致性。结果:相较于单独诊断,3D-TVS联合MRI诊断的灵敏度、准确度均较高,分别为95.38%、85.88%,漏诊率较低,为4.62%(P<0.05);3D-TVS结果显示8例完全纵隔子宫,11例非完全纵隔子宫,8例双子宫,8例单角子宫,5例双角子宫,5例残角子宫,4例弓形子宫,其一致性Kappa值为0.516;MRI结果显示6例完全纵隔子宫,10例非完全纵隔子宫,5例双子宫,10例单角子宫,8例双角子宫,7例残角子宫,3例弓形子宫,其一致性Kappa值为0.539;3D-TVS、MRI联合诊断显示,7例完全纵隔子宫,11例非完全纵隔子宫,5例双子宫,13例单角子宫,5例双角子宫,4例残角子宫,4例弓形子宫,其与宫腔镜结果的一致性Kappa值为0.756。结论:3D-TVS联合MRI诊断在先天性子宫畸形中具有较高的诊断灵敏度,漏诊率较低,可为临床鉴别不同类型子宫畸形提供可靠依据,具有较高的临床应用价值。

Relationship between testicular volume and testicular function： comparison of the Prader orchidometric and ultrasonographic measurements in patients with infertility

Aim： To evaluate the relationship between testicular function and testicular volume measured by using Prader orchidometry and ultrasonography （US） to determine the critical testicular volume indicating normal testicular function by each method. Methods： Total testicular volume （right plus left testicular volume） was measured in 794 testes in 397 men with infertility （mean age, 35.6 years） using a Prader orchidometer and also by ultrasonography. Ultrasonographic testicular volumes were calculated as length x width x height x 0.71. To evaluate volume-function relationships, patients were divided into 10 groups representing 5-mL increments of total testicular volume by each method from below 10 mL to 50 mL or more. Results： Mean total testicular volume based on Prader orchidometry and US were 36.8 mL and 26.3 mL, respectively. Semen volume, sperm density, total sperm count, total motile sperm count, and serum FSH, LH, and testosterone all correlated significantly with total testicular volume measured by either method. Mean sperm density was in the oligozoospermic range in patients with total testicular volume below 35 mL by orchidometry or below 20 mL by ultrasonography. Mean total sperm count was subnormal in patients with total testicular volume below 30 mL by orchidometry or under 20 mL by ultrasonography. Conclusion： Testicular volume measured by either ultrasonography or Prader orchidometry correlated significantly with testicular function. However, critical total testicular volume indicating normal or nearly normal testicular function was 30 mL to 35 mL using Prader orchidometer and 20 mL using ultrasonography. Prader orchidometry morphometrically and functionally overestimated the testicular volume in comparison to US. （Asian JAndro12008 Mar; 10： 319-324）

The reliability of ultrasonographic measurements for testicular volume assessment: comparison of three common formulas with true testicular volume

The aim of this study was to determine the correlation of ultrasonographic estimates of testicular volume with true testicular volume and to compare the accuracy and precision of the three most commonly utilized formulas.A total of 15 patients underwent high-resolution ultrasonography(US)analysis for testicular volume before orchiectomy.Testicular volume was calculated using three common formulas:(1)length(L)×width(W)×height(H)×0.52;(2)the empirical formula of Lambert:L×W×H×0.71;and(3)L×W^(2)×0.52.The actual volume of each removed testis was estimated directly by a water displacement method.Thus,four volume measurements were obtained for each of the 30 testes.The obtained data were analyzed by paired t-test and linear regression analysis.All three US formula measurements significantly underestimated the true testicular volume.The largest mean biases were observed with US formula 1,which underestimated the true volume by 3.3 mL(31%).US formula 2 had a smaller mean difference from the true volume,with an underestimation of only 0.6 mL(6%).Regression analysis showed that formulas 1 and 2 had better R^(2) values than formula 3.However,all three US formulas displayed a strong linear relationship with the true volume(R^(2)=0.872−0.977;P<0.001).Among the commonly used US formulas,the empirical formula of Lambert(L×W×H×0.71)provided better accuracy than the other two formulas evaluated,and better precision than formula 3.Therefore,the formula of Lambert is the optimal choice in clinical practice.

Inter/intra investigator variation in orchidometric measurements of testicular volume by ten investigators from five institutions

Aim： To perform quality control studies on testicular volume measurements for a multi-center epidemiological study of male reproductive function. Methods： We constructed a data matrix with a balanced assignment for 2 consecutive days by ten investigators （andrological career： 4-21 years） from five institutions and 12 male volunteers aged 20-26 years. Testicular volume was measured by Prader＇s orchidometer. A skilled technician also performed an ultrasound estimate of testicular volume. Results： A statistically significant inter-investigator variation was found for both testes （P 〈 0.05）. In addition, there was a statistically significant investigator-by-volunteer interaction in testicular volume measurement （P 〈 0.01）. However, there was no statistically significant difference in the two measurements performed on consecutive days for either testis. The testicular volumes for both the right and left testes as estimated by ultrasonography were smaller than results using the orchidometer. However, there was no statistical significance （P 〉 0.05）. The difference in experiences of the investigators did not significantly correlate with accuracy of measurements in either testis. Conclusion： The present study revealed significant differences in the results of estimation of testicular volume among the ten investigators, but intra-investigator variation was not considerable. Improved training and proper standardization of the measurement will be necessary before starting a multi-center study based on an andrological examination.

一种基于TV模型结合MRF的图像修复算法

在图像修复的算法模型中,全变分TV(total variation)模型对于结构性强的图像拥有较好的修复效果,但对于图像纹理和边缘细节部分修复效果较不理想。而马尔可夫随机场(MRF)下FOE模型采用的邻域相关的系统方法在图像细节纹理修复方面有着出色的表现。故提出一种将两种模型结合的TV-FOE模型用于图像的修复,通过引进混合比例参数,使得改进的模型既能在保证对图像结构层次的修复效果,又能对图像纹理方面拥有很好的复原效果。将其与分别采用TV模型和FOE模型以及其他修复效果较好的算法进行对比,采用客观量化指标峰值信噪比(PSNR)、均方差(MSE)和像素差别图像进行分析、比较,量化结果证明所提出的TV-FOE模型对于破损图像拥有精度更高的修复效果。

横向二阶导数TV正则化三维反射系数反演

三维反射系数数据体一般采用逐道(或逐线)稀疏反演的方式获得,但由于道与道(或线与线)之间缺乏联系使三维反射系数横向连续性不佳而产生抖动假象。为了全方位压制抖动假象,在反演目标函数中加入合成数据三维空间中的横向二阶导数全变分(Total Variation,TV)约束项提高反演结果的空间连续性,进而将常规的逐道L1范数正则化反演目标函数扩展为三维反演形式。但时间—空间域三维反演目标函数中存在三维卷积运算而难以直接进行优化求解,因此在分裂Bregman优化框架下将该三维反演目标函数转化到频率—波数域实现了快速求解。合成数据实验及实际数据处理结果表明,该反演方法不仅可以高效地获得三维反射系数数据体,而且能显著改善易被抖动假象掩盖的小构造和薄层的成像效果。