Light emitting diodes(LEDs)have accounted for most of the lighting market as the technology matures and costs continue to reduce.As a new type of e-waste,LED is a double-edged sword,as it contains not only precious an...Light emitting diodes(LEDs)have accounted for most of the lighting market as the technology matures and costs continue to reduce.As a new type of e-waste,LED is a double-edged sword,as it contains not only precious and rare metals but also organic packaging materials.In previous studies,LED recycling focused on recovering precious and strategic metals while ignoring harmful substances such as organic packaging materials.Unlike crushing and other traditional methods,hydrothermal treatment can provide an environment-friendly process for decomposing packaging materials.This work developed a closed reaction vessel,where the degradation rate of plastic polyphthalamide(PPA)was close to 100%,with nano-TiO_(2)encapsulated in plastic PPA being efficiently recovered,while metals contained in LED were also recycled efficiently.Besides,the role of water in plastic PPA degradation that has been overlooked in current studies was explored and speculated in detail in this work.Environmental impact assessment revealed that the proposed recycling route for waste LED could significantly reduce the overall environmental impact compared to the currently published processes.Especially the developed method could reduce more than half the impact of global warming.Furthermore,this research provides a theoretical basis and a promising method for recycling other plastic-packaged e-waste devices,such as integrated circuits.展开更多
Pesticide packaging waste in Thailand has recently been valued as a kind of commercial product. Selling empty pesticide packaging to reuse/recycling business has been increased in all over the country. Subject to the ...Pesticide packaging waste in Thailand has recently been valued as a kind of commercial product. Selling empty pesticide packaging to reuse/recycling business has been increased in all over the country. Subject to the resource conservation and global climate change, this could be defined as sustainable or green consumption for the most beneficial use of natural resources. However, on the point of environmental and public health, this is the way to disperse harmfulness of pesticide into non-target areas. Human and environmental health risk of exposure due to pesticide residue in such packaging waste could be a co-incident. This paper was aimed to determine a practical model for pesticide packaging waste management appropriate for Thailand based on the context of country＇s circumstances and the best practices reported around the world. Establishing some necessary components has been proposed, i.e. multiple rinse method applied by farmers conscientiously, central collecting site driven by local community, waste recovery program offered by pesticide production enterprises, and sanitary glass bottle washing plant registration and regulations launched by the government. In conclusion, governmental initiative and all stakeholders including in pesticide packaging waste supply chain should be encouraged to contribute their participation towards sustainable management.展开更多
In order to achieve sustainable utilization of natural resources, save energy and protect environment and ecosystem, it is important for a region or a nation to develop and implement a viable waste recycling model fro...In order to achieve sustainable utilization of natural resources, save energy and protect environment and ecosystem, it is important for a region or a nation to develop and implement a viable waste recycling model from both theoretical and practical point of view. Some packaging recycling models operated in developed countries are introduced in this article. Aluminium can recovery and recycling is emphasized. Cost effective, economic and environmental benefit of different models are compared and analyzed. The result shows that all recycling models have their characteristics due to the initial purpose of recovery and the situation of the implementing country. However, all the models contribute to the reduction of municipal solid waste disposal and resources conservation.展开更多
Pesticide packaging wastes pose a serious hazard to the agricultural production environment and the quality of agricultural products. The investigation for 2 consecutive years in Jietou Region of Tengchong County, a m...Pesticide packaging wastes pose a serious hazard to the agricultural production environment and the quality of agricultural products. The investigation for 2 consecutive years in Jietou Region of Tengchong County, a major tobacco planting area in Yunan, showed that： ① More than 80% of the pesticides purchased by farmers were used for tobacco cultivation, which was 4 times that of conventional crops planting, and most of the packaging materials were plastic bags; ② The main way for farmers to dispose plastic bags was to burn or discard them in the field garbage collection baskets; ③ In combination with field surveys, an average of 4.54 pieces of pesticide packaging wastes were scattered around every 667 m^2 of tobacco field. In addition, the number reduced significantly after carrying out pesticide packaging wastes recycling and control project at the local smoke station. At the same time, the average number of pesticide packaging wastes in the field collection baskets increased. Therefore, it can effectively control pesticide packaging wastes by changing the type of pesticide packaging, encouraging the establishment of recycling system and strengthening the cognitive training of farmers.展开更多
The status quo of recycling and disposal of pesticide packaging waste in western Zhejiang Province was studied.The existing shortcomings were analyzed,and feasible suggestions were put forward.
Meituan Waimai,which was officially launched in November 2013,has created a huge market for food delivery in China.After years of development,China’s online food delivery market reached RMB 664.62 billion in 2020.In ...Meituan Waimai,which was officially launched in November 2013,has created a huge market for food delivery in China.After years of development,China’s online food delivery market reached RMB 664.62 billion in 2020.In 2022,Meituan Waimai and Ele.me,two food delivery platforms,have created a duopoly in China’s food delivery industry.Due to the success of the food delivery industry,a significant amount of food delivery packaging waste has caused far-reaching harm.This literature review primarily organizes the research on the impact of online food delivery packaging from the perspective of environmental protection.It uses the criterion layer index of online food delivery waste management ecosystem to analyze the impact of the government,environmental non-governmental organizations(NGOs),garbage recycling processors,consumers,online food delivery platforms,takeaway merchants,and takeaway packaging manufacturers.The review shows that scholars generally believe that takeaway waste management is a complex process involving multiple factors.The implementation of policies at the government level is inadequate,and studies at the environmental NGO level are scant.At the consumer level,more environmental awareness education is required.Online food delivery platforms and takeaway merchants should assume greater corporate social responsibility,and manufacturers of takeaway packaging need prioritize the substitution of environmentally friendly materials.There is a consensus that paper-made and recyclable packaging boxes are more environmentally friendly than degradable packaging,which is not as environmentally friendly as is commonly believed.The academia and the industry have conducted various studies and pilot projects on recyclable packaging.If all levels cooperate well,this will be an effective way to manage takeaway packaging garbage.At last,we propose the following assumptions for future research:Besides environmental hazards,takeaway garbage has caused direct or indirect physical harm to humans and animals.Increasing consumer awareness may increase their propensity to participate in governance.Additionally,existing food delivery platforms may need to improve their corporate social responsibility awareness to provide environmentally conscious consumers with sufficient and effective plastic reduction guidance measures during the ordering process.Moreover,will biodegradable plastic products face the same ironic situation as biofuels?That is,the initial intention of technology development is to improve the environment,but the actual process of production or processing may controversially aggravate the environment.展开更多
The growing food delivery service market has boosted the consumption of packaging materials, and this trend is projected to continue in the following years. The gap between industrial supply and consumer demand from a...The growing food delivery service market has boosted the consumption of packaging materials, and this trend is projected to continue in the following years. The gap between industrial supply and consumer demand from a sustainable viewpoint leads to a need for agricultural cellulosic waste-based materials that bring the idea of trash-to-treasure to fruition. In this paper, we review up-to-date advancements surrounding the food delivery packaging that are derived from agricultural cellulosic waste. Two scenarios in which agricultural feedstock is used as a host or guest material are summarized, and sketch on the individual processing routine is depicted. We further evaluate how the chemical compositions and processing parameters influence the properties of the final products. Current challenges and gaps in developing sustainable packaging materials are identified, with perspectives on these important issues highlighting the importance of process innovation as well as economic and environmental-impact assessment for agricultural cellulosic waste to food delivery packaging.展开更多
As India is a world class producer of sugarcane,sugar beet,other tubers like potato and vegetables with starch,cashew and badam,castor oil and soybean,the quantum of bio resins and bio plastics that can be produced fr...As India is a world class producer of sugarcane,sugar beet,other tubers like potato and vegetables with starch,cashew and badam,castor oil and soybean,the quantum of bio resins and bio plastics that can be produced from these conventional,organic and genetically modified plants is immense.As on date,advanced and state of the art plastics and composites are being used in many applications as there is no incentive for farmers to produce plants and vegetables for the plastics and resins market exclusively.The use of advanced composites in varied applications escalates costs and shifts the material consumption that would deplete the natural resources,through excessive usage at one end and lack of demand for natural resources at the other end as bio derived composites become under-utilized.This review paper attempts to project the actual possibilities of the bio resin and bio plastic market in this country and provides the knowhow for the production of bio-phenolic cashew nut shell resin which are more than a substitute for the synthetically produced epoxies.Their true potentialities in composites product applications involving structural,thermal,electronic,pharmaceutical and petroleum engineering markets is discussed in this paper.A novel working model with an economically feasible option is also provided for those concerned about their safe disposal,recycling,reuse and conversion into useable fuel with virtually no impact to the environment.Cashew Nut Shell Liquid(CNSL)is an abundant natural source for synthesizing phenolic compounds.The excellent monomer,Cardanol is isolated from CNSL for polymer production.These are polymerized with aldehydes and acids at a particular mole fraction in the presence of catalysts like alkalis to convert into rigid resins.Differential Scanning Calorimetric(DSC)and Thermo Gravimetric Analysis(TGA)were studied for the thermal characterization of the synthesized CNSL Resins.Characterization of the synthesized resins was also carried out with respect to the evaluated mechanical properties such as hardness,strength,elastic modulus and fracture toughness.The synthesized CNSL resins yielded many interesting compositions with varied properties increasing the possibilities of various resin formulations which could be used for composites applications in vibrational damping.The electronic packaging applications of nano-composites with high dielectric strength produced with the CNSL matrix are also highlighted.展开更多
Waste polyethylene packaging （WPE） was used to modify asphalt, and hot storage stability of the modified asphalt was studied in this paper. The morphological change and component loss of WPE modified asphalt were ch...Waste polyethylene packaging （WPE） was used to modify asphalt, and hot storage stability of the modified asphalt was studied in this paper. The morphological change and component loss of WPE modified asphalt were characterized by fluorescence microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy （FT-IR）, differential scanning calorimetry （DSC）, thermogravimetry （TG） and isolation testing. In addition, the mechanism of the hot storage stability of WPE modified asphalt was discussed. The results showed that the modification of asphalt with WPE was a physical process. It was found that the filament or partly network-like structure formed in the modified asphalt system was beneficial to improving the hot storage stability. Moreover, the addition of WPE resulted in a decrease in both the light components volatilization and the macromolecules decomposition of asphalt. It was demonstrated that when the content of WPE in matrix asphalt was less than 10 wt%, the service performances of modified asphalt could be better.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52270132).
文摘Light emitting diodes(LEDs)have accounted for most of the lighting market as the technology matures and costs continue to reduce.As a new type of e-waste,LED is a double-edged sword,as it contains not only precious and rare metals but also organic packaging materials.In previous studies,LED recycling focused on recovering precious and strategic metals while ignoring harmful substances such as organic packaging materials.Unlike crushing and other traditional methods,hydrothermal treatment can provide an environment-friendly process for decomposing packaging materials.This work developed a closed reaction vessel,where the degradation rate of plastic polyphthalamide(PPA)was close to 100%,with nano-TiO_(2)encapsulated in plastic PPA being efficiently recovered,while metals contained in LED were also recycled efficiently.Besides,the role of water in plastic PPA degradation that has been overlooked in current studies was explored and speculated in detail in this work.Environmental impact assessment revealed that the proposed recycling route for waste LED could significantly reduce the overall environmental impact compared to the currently published processes.Especially the developed method could reduce more than half the impact of global warming.Furthermore,this research provides a theoretical basis and a promising method for recycling other plastic-packaged e-waste devices,such as integrated circuits.
文摘Pesticide packaging waste in Thailand has recently been valued as a kind of commercial product. Selling empty pesticide packaging to reuse/recycling business has been increased in all over the country. Subject to the resource conservation and global climate change, this could be defined as sustainable or green consumption for the most beneficial use of natural resources. However, on the point of environmental and public health, this is the way to disperse harmfulness of pesticide into non-target areas. Human and environmental health risk of exposure due to pesticide residue in such packaging waste could be a co-incident. This paper was aimed to determine a practical model for pesticide packaging waste management appropriate for Thailand based on the context of country＇s circumstances and the best practices reported around the world. Establishing some necessary components has been proposed, i.e. multiple rinse method applied by farmers conscientiously, central collecting site driven by local community, waste recovery program offered by pesticide production enterprises, and sanitary glass bottle washing plant registration and regulations launched by the government. In conclusion, governmental initiative and all stakeholders including in pesticide packaging waste supply chain should be encouraged to contribute their participation towards sustainable management.
文摘In order to achieve sustainable utilization of natural resources, save energy and protect environment and ecosystem, it is important for a region or a nation to develop and implement a viable waste recycling model from both theoretical and practical point of view. Some packaging recycling models operated in developed countries are introduced in this article. Aluminium can recovery and recycling is emphasized. Cost effective, economic and environmental benefit of different models are compared and analyzed. The result shows that all recycling models have their characteristics due to the initial purpose of recovery and the situation of the implementing country. However, all the models contribute to the reduction of municipal solid waste disposal and resources conservation.
基金Supported by the Science and Technology Planning Project of Yunan Tobacco Co.,Ltd.(2015YN36)
文摘Pesticide packaging wastes pose a serious hazard to the agricultural production environment and the quality of agricultural products. The investigation for 2 consecutive years in Jietou Region of Tengchong County, a major tobacco planting area in Yunan, showed that： ① More than 80% of the pesticides purchased by farmers were used for tobacco cultivation, which was 4 times that of conventional crops planting, and most of the packaging materials were plastic bags; ② The main way for farmers to dispose plastic bags was to burn or discard them in the field garbage collection baskets; ③ In combination with field surveys, an average of 4.54 pieces of pesticide packaging wastes were scattered around every 667 m^2 of tobacco field. In addition, the number reduced significantly after carrying out pesticide packaging wastes recycling and control project at the local smoke station. At the same time, the average number of pesticide packaging wastes in the field collection baskets increased. Therefore, it can effectively control pesticide packaging wastes by changing the type of pesticide packaging, encouraging the establishment of recycling system and strengthening the cognitive training of farmers.
文摘The status quo of recycling and disposal of pesticide packaging waste in western Zhejiang Province was studied.The existing shortcomings were analyzed,and feasible suggestions were put forward.
文摘Meituan Waimai,which was officially launched in November 2013,has created a huge market for food delivery in China.After years of development,China’s online food delivery market reached RMB 664.62 billion in 2020.In 2022,Meituan Waimai and Ele.me,two food delivery platforms,have created a duopoly in China’s food delivery industry.Due to the success of the food delivery industry,a significant amount of food delivery packaging waste has caused far-reaching harm.This literature review primarily organizes the research on the impact of online food delivery packaging from the perspective of environmental protection.It uses the criterion layer index of online food delivery waste management ecosystem to analyze the impact of the government,environmental non-governmental organizations(NGOs),garbage recycling processors,consumers,online food delivery platforms,takeaway merchants,and takeaway packaging manufacturers.The review shows that scholars generally believe that takeaway waste management is a complex process involving multiple factors.The implementation of policies at the government level is inadequate,and studies at the environmental NGO level are scant.At the consumer level,more environmental awareness education is required.Online food delivery platforms and takeaway merchants should assume greater corporate social responsibility,and manufacturers of takeaway packaging need prioritize the substitution of environmentally friendly materials.There is a consensus that paper-made and recyclable packaging boxes are more environmentally friendly than degradable packaging,which is not as environmentally friendly as is commonly believed.The academia and the industry have conducted various studies and pilot projects on recyclable packaging.If all levels cooperate well,this will be an effective way to manage takeaway packaging garbage.At last,we propose the following assumptions for future research:Besides environmental hazards,takeaway garbage has caused direct or indirect physical harm to humans and animals.Increasing consumer awareness may increase their propensity to participate in governance.Additionally,existing food delivery platforms may need to improve their corporate social responsibility awareness to provide environmentally conscious consumers with sufficient and effective plastic reduction guidance measures during the ordering process.Moreover,will biodegradable plastic products face the same ironic situation as biofuels?That is,the initial intention of technology development is to improve the environment,but the actual process of production or processing may controversially aggravate the environment.
基金financially supported by the Program for Guangdong Introducing Innovative and Entrepreneurial Teams (No. 2019ZT08L213)Key Special Project for Introduced Talents Team of Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou) (No. GML2019ZD0403)。
文摘The growing food delivery service market has boosted the consumption of packaging materials, and this trend is projected to continue in the following years. The gap between industrial supply and consumer demand from a sustainable viewpoint leads to a need for agricultural cellulosic waste-based materials that bring the idea of trash-to-treasure to fruition. In this paper, we review up-to-date advancements surrounding the food delivery packaging that are derived from agricultural cellulosic waste. Two scenarios in which agricultural feedstock is used as a host or guest material are summarized, and sketch on the individual processing routine is depicted. We further evaluate how the chemical compositions and processing parameters influence the properties of the final products. Current challenges and gaps in developing sustainable packaging materials are identified, with perspectives on these important issues highlighting the importance of process innovation as well as economic and environmental-impact assessment for agricultural cellulosic waste to food delivery packaging.
文摘As India is a world class producer of sugarcane,sugar beet,other tubers like potato and vegetables with starch,cashew and badam,castor oil and soybean,the quantum of bio resins and bio plastics that can be produced from these conventional,organic and genetically modified plants is immense.As on date,advanced and state of the art plastics and composites are being used in many applications as there is no incentive for farmers to produce plants and vegetables for the plastics and resins market exclusively.The use of advanced composites in varied applications escalates costs and shifts the material consumption that would deplete the natural resources,through excessive usage at one end and lack of demand for natural resources at the other end as bio derived composites become under-utilized.This review paper attempts to project the actual possibilities of the bio resin and bio plastic market in this country and provides the knowhow for the production of bio-phenolic cashew nut shell resin which are more than a substitute for the synthetically produced epoxies.Their true potentialities in composites product applications involving structural,thermal,electronic,pharmaceutical and petroleum engineering markets is discussed in this paper.A novel working model with an economically feasible option is also provided for those concerned about their safe disposal,recycling,reuse and conversion into useable fuel with virtually no impact to the environment.Cashew Nut Shell Liquid(CNSL)is an abundant natural source for synthesizing phenolic compounds.The excellent monomer,Cardanol is isolated from CNSL for polymer production.These are polymerized with aldehydes and acids at a particular mole fraction in the presence of catalysts like alkalis to convert into rigid resins.Differential Scanning Calorimetric(DSC)and Thermo Gravimetric Analysis(TGA)were studied for the thermal characterization of the synthesized CNSL Resins.Characterization of the synthesized resins was also carried out with respect to the evaluated mechanical properties such as hardness,strength,elastic modulus and fracture toughness.The synthesized CNSL resins yielded many interesting compositions with varied properties increasing the possibilities of various resin formulations which could be used for composites applications in vibrational damping.The electronic packaging applications of nano-composites with high dielectric strength produced with the CNSL matrix are also highlighted.
基金support provided by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos. 51002118 and 51172180)Shaanxi Programs for Science and Technology Development(2011)+1 种基金Xi'an Programs for Industrial Applications(Grant No.CXY1129-3)the Beilin District Programs for Science and Technology Development(Grant No. GX1109)
文摘Waste polyethylene packaging （WPE） was used to modify asphalt, and hot storage stability of the modified asphalt was studied in this paper. The morphological change and component loss of WPE modified asphalt were characterized by fluorescence microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy （FT-IR）, differential scanning calorimetry （DSC）, thermogravimetry （TG） and isolation testing. In addition, the mechanism of the hot storage stability of WPE modified asphalt was discussed. The results showed that the modification of asphalt with WPE was a physical process. It was found that the filament or partly network-like structure formed in the modified asphalt system was beneficial to improving the hot storage stability. Moreover, the addition of WPE resulted in a decrease in both the light components volatilization and the macromolecules decomposition of asphalt. It was demonstrated that when the content of WPE in matrix asphalt was less than 10 wt%, the service performances of modified asphalt could be better.
