AIM： To demonstrate the cytotoxic effect and possible mechanisms of Tetracaine on human corneal epithelial（HCEP） cells in vitro.·METHODS： In vitro cultured HCEP cell were treated with Tetracaine hydrochloride...AIM： To demonstrate the cytotoxic effect and possible mechanisms of Tetracaine on human corneal epithelial（HCEP） cells in vitro.·METHODS： In vitro cultured HCEP cell were treated with Tetracaine hydrochloride at different doses for different times, and their morphology, viability, and plasma membrane permeability were detected by light microscopy, methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium（MTT） assay,and acridine orange（AO）/ethidium bromide（EB） staining,respectively. Their cell cycle progression, phosphati-dylserine orientation in plasma membrane, and mitochondrial membrane potential（MTP） were assessed by flow cytometry. DNA fragmentation, ultrastructure,caspase activation, and the cytoplasmic apoptosis inducing factor（AIF） and cytochrome c（Cyt. c） along with the expression of B-cell lymphoma-2（Bcl-2） family proteins were examined by gel electrophoresis,transmission electron microscope, enzyme linked immunosorbent assay（ELISA）, and Western blot,respectively.·RESULTS： After exposed to Tetracaine at doses from10.0 to 0.3125 g/L, the HCEP cells showed dose- and time-dependent morphological abnormality and typical cytopathic effect, viability decline, and plasma membrane permeability elevation. Tetracaine induced phosphati-dylserine externalization, DNA fragmentation, G1 phase arrest, and ultrastructural abnormality and apoptotic body formation. Furthermore, Tetracaine at a dose of0.3125 g/L also induced caspase-3,-9 and-8 activation,MTP disruption, up-regulation of the cytoplasmic amount of Cyt. c and AIF, the expressions of Bax and Bad, and down-regulation of the expressions of Bcl-2 and Bcl-x L.·CONCLUSION： Tetracaine above 0.3125 g/L（1/32 of its clinical applied dosage） has a dose- and time-dependent cytotoxicity to HCEP cells in vitro, with inducing cellapoptosis via a death receptor-mediated mitochondriondependent pathway.展开更多
Objective. To investigate the efficacy and safety of tetracaine hydrochloride in patient-controlled epidural analgesia (PCEA) after pulmonary lobectomy.Methods. Forty-three patients scheduled for elective pulmonary lo...Objective. To investigate the efficacy and safety of tetracaine hydrochloride in patient-controlled epidural analgesia (PCEA) after pulmonary lobectomy.Methods. Forty-three patients scheduled for elective pulmonary lobectomy under general anesthesia were randomly allocated into either tetracaine group (22 patients) or ropivacaine group (21 patients) . In the tetracaine group, 0. 15% tetracaine was used for postoperative PCEA, while 0. 3% ropivacaine was used in the ropivacaine group. The duration of postoperative analgesia was 48 h. The PCEA included a bolus of 6 ml with a lockout time of 1 h. Postoperative pain score was measured by visual analogue scale (VAS). Forced expired volume at the 1st second (FEV1.0), forced vital capacity (FVC), FEV1.0/ FVC and peak expired flow (PEF) were measured preoperatively and daily after surgery. Hemodynamics were monitored and recorded before and after each administration of local anesthetics during the period of the study.Results. VAS scores in both groups decreased significantly after a bolus injection of local anesthetics. There was no significant difference between the two groups in VAS either before or after the administration of PCEA. On the 1st and 2nd days after the operation, pulmonary function was reduced in both groups. However, there were no significant differences between the percentage of the changes of FEV1.0, FEV1.0/FVC and PEF in the two groups. There were also no significant differences between the percentage of the changes of heart rate, mean arterial blood pressure and SpO2 after administration of local anesthetics. There was no significant difference in overall satisfaction with pain relief.Conclusions. The analgesic effect of 0. 15% tetracaine is similar to that of 0. 3% ropivacaine used in patient-controlled epidural analgesia after thoracotomy. No serious side effects were observed.展开更多
基金Supported by National High Technology Research and Development Program("863" Program)of China(No.2006AA02A132)
文摘AIM： To demonstrate the cytotoxic effect and possible mechanisms of Tetracaine on human corneal epithelial（HCEP） cells in vitro.·METHODS： In vitro cultured HCEP cell were treated with Tetracaine hydrochloride at different doses for different times, and their morphology, viability, and plasma membrane permeability were detected by light microscopy, methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium（MTT） assay,and acridine orange（AO）/ethidium bromide（EB） staining,respectively. Their cell cycle progression, phosphati-dylserine orientation in plasma membrane, and mitochondrial membrane potential（MTP） were assessed by flow cytometry. DNA fragmentation, ultrastructure,caspase activation, and the cytoplasmic apoptosis inducing factor（AIF） and cytochrome c（Cyt. c） along with the expression of B-cell lymphoma-2（Bcl-2） family proteins were examined by gel electrophoresis,transmission electron microscope, enzyme linked immunosorbent assay（ELISA）, and Western blot,respectively.·RESULTS： After exposed to Tetracaine at doses from10.0 to 0.3125 g/L, the HCEP cells showed dose- and time-dependent morphological abnormality and typical cytopathic effect, viability decline, and plasma membrane permeability elevation. Tetracaine induced phosphati-dylserine externalization, DNA fragmentation, G1 phase arrest, and ultrastructural abnormality and apoptotic body formation. Furthermore, Tetracaine at a dose of0.3125 g/L also induced caspase-3,-9 and-8 activation,MTP disruption, up-regulation of the cytoplasmic amount of Cyt. c and AIF, the expressions of Bax and Bad, and down-regulation of the expressions of Bcl-2 and Bcl-x L.·CONCLUSION： Tetracaine above 0.3125 g/L（1/32 of its clinical applied dosage） has a dose- and time-dependent cytotoxicity to HCEP cells in vitro, with inducing cellapoptosis via a death receptor-mediated mitochondriondependent pathway.
文摘Objective. To investigate the efficacy and safety of tetracaine hydrochloride in patient-controlled epidural analgesia (PCEA) after pulmonary lobectomy.Methods. Forty-three patients scheduled for elective pulmonary lobectomy under general anesthesia were randomly allocated into either tetracaine group (22 patients) or ropivacaine group (21 patients) . In the tetracaine group, 0. 15% tetracaine was used for postoperative PCEA, while 0. 3% ropivacaine was used in the ropivacaine group. The duration of postoperative analgesia was 48 h. The PCEA included a bolus of 6 ml with a lockout time of 1 h. Postoperative pain score was measured by visual analogue scale (VAS). Forced expired volume at the 1st second (FEV1.0), forced vital capacity (FVC), FEV1.0/ FVC and peak expired flow (PEF) were measured preoperatively and daily after surgery. Hemodynamics were monitored and recorded before and after each administration of local anesthetics during the period of the study.Results. VAS scores in both groups decreased significantly after a bolus injection of local anesthetics. There was no significant difference between the two groups in VAS either before or after the administration of PCEA. On the 1st and 2nd days after the operation, pulmonary function was reduced in both groups. However, there were no significant differences between the percentage of the changes of FEV1.0, FEV1.0/FVC and PEF in the two groups. There were also no significant differences between the percentage of the changes of heart rate, mean arterial blood pressure and SpO2 after administration of local anesthetics. There was no significant difference in overall satisfaction with pain relief.Conclusions. The analgesic effect of 0. 15% tetracaine is similar to that of 0. 3% ropivacaine used in patient-controlled epidural analgesia after thoracotomy. No serious side effects were observed.
