The Lanthanide Tetrad Effect in Argillic Alteration: An Example from the Jizvan District, Northern Iran

Intrusion of quartz-monzodioritic igneous bodies of Oligocene age into Eocene lithic crystal tufts and trachy-basalts resulted in the occurrence of a widespread argillic alteration zone in the Jizvan district （northern Iran）. Mineralogically, the argillie alteration zone includes minerals such as kaolinite, quartz, smectite, pyrophyllite, muscovite-illite, alunite, rutile, calcite, feldspar, chlorite, hematite and goethite. Therefore, the non-CHARAC behaviour for trace elements in the argillic samples is reflected in the non-chondritic Y/Ho and Zr/Hf ratios and the irregular REE patterns, which appear related to the tetrad effect phenomenon. The chondrite-normalized REE distribution patterns indicate both concave （W-shaped） and convex （M-shaped） tetrad effects in the argillic samples. Based on the field evidence and the results from geochemical studies, it can be concluded that the samples from the argillic alteration zone having high fourth tetrad effect values （〉0.30） were developed in the fault and breccia zones. The results indicate that factors such as preferential scavenging by Mn-oxides, crystallization of clay minerals, fluid-rock interaction, overprint of hypogene mineral assemblage by supergene ones, and the structural control, have all played an important role in the occurrence of tetrad effects in samples of the argillic zone in the Jizvan district.

The Hizeh-Jan Kaolin Deposit of NW Iran:the Tetrad Effect in REE Distribution Patterns

The Hizeh-Jan kaolin deposit(northwest of Varzeghan, East-Azarbaidjan Province, NW Iran) is a product of the alteration of Eocene andesitic rocks. Based on mineralogical examinations, kaolinite, quartz, smectite, pyrophyllite, muscovite-illite, alunite, calcite, diaspore, goethite and hematite are the most abundant mineral phases in this deposit. The geochemical indicators, such as Y/Ho and Zr/Hf, indicate the non-CHARAC(non-Charge-radius control) behavior of these pairs, which are likely to be due to the occurrence of the tetrad effect phenomenon in this deposit. Simultaneous concave and convex shapes in the chondrite-normalized REE distribution patterns are a remarkable feature of the kaolin samples. Bivariate diagrams of the size of the third tetrad effect(T_3) versus geochemical parameters such as Y/Ho, Nb/Ta and Zr/Hf ratios display two distinct populations for the kaolin samples. The first population is characterized by high T_3 values(>0.13), which are near or on the fault zone. The second population is characterized by low T_3 values(<0.13), and are farther from the fault zone. The obtained results from the geochemical data have furnished compelling evidence that fluidrock interaction, overprint of hypogene processes by supergene ones, and structural control, are key controlling factors for the occurrence of tetrad effects in REE distribution patterns in the Hizeh-Jan kaolin deposit.

REE Tetrad Effect as a Powerful Indicator of Formation Conditions of Karst Bauxites: A Case Study of the Shahindezh Deposit, NW Iran

Study of the concentration of major,trace,and rare earth elements(REE)in the Shahindezh karst bauxite deposit,northwestern Iran clarifies the relationship of the tetrad effect with geochemical parameters in the bauxite ores.The existence of irregular curves in the chondrite-normalized REE patterns as well as non-CHARAC behavior of geochemically isovalent pairs(Y/Ho)are related to the tetrad effect.The meaningful positive correlation between the sizes of the calculated T3 tetrad effect and some geochemical factors such as Y/Ho,ΣREE,La/Y,(La/Yb)N,and(LREE/HREE)N as well as some major oxides-based parameters like Al2O3+LOI/SiO2+Fe2O3,Al2O3/Fe2O3,Al2O3+LOI,IOL,and SiO2+Fe2O3indicate that the studied bauxite horizon was likely deposited by different(acidic and/or alkalic)solutions at different stages.The lower part of the studied horizon with a thickness of^4.7 m displays alkali characteristics whereas the upper parts of the horizon with a thickness of^5.3 m are characterized by more acidic conditions.These results are fully supported by the co-occurrence of convex-concave tetrad effect curves in the chondrite-normalized REE patterns.Therefore,the tetrad effect phenomenon used in this study has proved to be a good and reliable geochemical proxy to assess the conditions of the depositional environment in the Shahindezh bauxite ores.

Petrology, geochemistry, radioactivity, and M–W type rare earth element tetrads of El Sela altered granites, south eastern desert,Egypt

The southern part of the Eastern Desert of Egypt—about 30 km southwest of Abu-Ramad city—is mainly covered by ophiolitic rocks(Sul Hamed), island arc assemblage, younger granites(muscovite granites of Qash Amer and two mica granites of El Sela), and various acidic and basic dikes. Field, petrological, and geochemical studies indicate that the El Sela shear zone has been subject to hydrothermal and supergene alteration such as kaolinization, albitization, sericitization, and hematitization. It is invaded by quartz ENE–WSW veins associated with hydrothermal alteration accompanied by radioactive mineralization. The investigated younger granitic rocks had very low contents of compatible elements, such as Cr, Ni,and Co; and high contents of incompatible elements, such as Zr, and large ion lithophiles, such as Sr, especially in the El Sela shear zone. Major oxide and trace element analyses revealed calc-alkaline affinity and peraluminous character.These highly differentiated granitic rocks' lower Zr/Hf and higher Y/Ho than the normal ratio are consistent with hydrothermal alteration. Most samples had rare earth element(REE)-patterns with an M-type tetrad effect in the first and fourth segments and a W-type tetrad in the third segment. The average ∑REE in the studied granites was lower than the world granite average; the ratio of light to heavy REEs greater. The main radioactive, uranium-bearing, and uraniferous Fe and Mn minerals are uranothorite,autunite, uranophane and autunite as compounds, kasolite,columbite, xenotime, uranophane-bearing zircon and jarosite, silver-bearing pyrite, hematite, and autunite-bearing pyrolusite.

Petrology, REE Geochemistry and Tetrad Effect of Some Muscovite Granites at Wadi El Gemal Area, South Eastern Desert, Egypt

The muscovite granites at the study area are being emplaced into biotite granites and ophiolitic mélange settings. They occur in four exposures namely;Umm Seleimat, Sikait, Umm El Kheran and Umm Addebaa exposure. The presence of garnet and muscovite flakes may reflect the peraluminous nature of the studied muscovite granites. Petrographically, the studied granites are mostly subsolvus and consist of plagioclase, K-feldspars, quartz, muscovite and biotite. Garnet, zircon, allanite and opaques are accessories. The textural features of these granites are expressed by bent plagioclase lamellae, distorted microcline twinning, deformed mica flakes and development of myrmekite and recrystallization of feldspars into fine-grained aggregates. Umm Seleimat and Sikait exposures are more differentiated due to the presence of high content of K-feldspar and LREEs. The REE budget decreased from Umm Seleimat-Sikait exposures to Umm El Kheran-Umm Addebaa exposures as (514.5 - 495.6) to (195.9 - 197.7), respectively. Umm Seleimat-Sikait exposures have lower HREE/LREE (0.12 - 0.67), relative to Umm El Kheran-Umm Addebaa exposures (0.99 - 2.06). The studied granites revealed that the chondrite normalized REE patterns are the normal M-type of tetrad effect, where TE1,3 tetrad effect is higher than 1 in all samples which implies that there was an interaction between melt and water-haloid-rich fluid when these granites are crystallized from magma. Spectrometric values of Umm Seleimat and Umm Addebaa indicate that U content is more than Th content. Applying the U mobilization equation proved that the studied granites have been originated from a late magmatic phase of magma very rich in radioelements, also the majority of measurements lie above the zero line indicating that the studied granites affected with hydrothermal solutions rich in uranium than thorium which indicates uranium addition.

REE Tetrad Effects in Rare-metal Granites

Described in this paper are the characteristics of tetrad effects of REE in rare-metal granites.Based on the analytical data and experimental geochemical data available,it is pointed out that the tetrad effects of REE in the granites are produced in the metal-fluid system.Intense fractional crystallization of granitic melt(containing REE accessary minerals)and its interaction with volatile-rich(F,Cl)fluid are the major factors leading to the tetrad effects of REE.From this,this paper presents a composite genetic model for high-degree fractional crystallization-volatile-rich fluid metasomatism of rare-metal granites.With the model,quantitative calculations have been made.Meanwhile,it is pointed out that the tetrad effects of REE can be used as an important indicator to distinguish mineralized granites from barren ones.

Mineralogy,M-type tetrad effect and radioactivity of altered granites at the G.Abu Garadi shear zone,central Eastern Desert,Egypt

The G. Abu Garadi area is covered mainly by metasediments, alkali feldspar granites and stream sediments. The alkali feldspar granite is traversed by a major strike-slip fault trending in an N-S direction as well as two subordinate sets of faults trending NW to WNW for the first one and NE for the second one. These faults represent the shear zones affected by magmatic (syngenetic) as well as hydrothermal (epigenetic) activities causing alteration of the granitic rocks. The most common alteration features are albitization, greisenization and koalinitization. The mass balance calculations of the studied altered samples show enrichments in Zr, Y, Ni, U, Th and Ga and depletions in Zn, Sr, Nb, Ba, Pb, Cu and V. Only the greisenized samples exhibit a significant enrichment in Nb, ∑REE budget and pronounced lanthanide tetrad effect (M-type), especially TE1,4, while weakly expressed tetrad effects are for the other albitized and koalinitized samples. Mineralogically, the common accessory minerals in the altered samples include samarskite-(Y), betafite, uranothorite, zircon, fluorite and cassiterite. The greisenized granites contain high eU and eTh than the other altered types, where they are characterized by an assemblage of the radioactive minerals; samarskite-(Y), betafite, uranothorite in addition to zircon. The inter-element relationships between U and Th and also their ratios illustrate that the radioelement distribution in these granites is mainly governed by magmatic processes, in addition to post-magmatic ones. The distribution of chemical elements and the fractionation of some isovalents within the shear zone are largely controlled by the newly formed mineral phases. With respect to uranium mobilization, uranium migrated from the host alkali feldspar granites of G. Abu Garadi, while the shear zones acted as traps for the migrated uranium. Moreover, U migrated in the shear zone during greisenization and albitization, and migrated out during koalinitization.

Microsatellite-Centromere Mapping in Japanese Scallop(Patinopecten yessoensis) Through Half-Tetrad Analysis in Gynogenetic Diploid Families

Gene-centromere mapping is an essential prerequisite for understanding the composition and structure of genomes. Half-tetrad analysis is a powerful tool for mapping genes and understanding chromosomal behavior during meiosis. The Japanese scallop(Patinopecten yessoensis), a cold-tolerant species inhabiting the northwestern Pacific coast, is a commercially important marine bivalve in Asian countries. In this study, inheritance of 32 informative microsatellite loci was examined in 70-h D-shaped larvae of three induced meiogynogenetic diploid families of P. yessoensis for centromere mapping using half-tetrad analysis. The ratio of gynogenetic diploids was proven to be 100%, 100% and 96% in the three families, respectively. Inheritance analysis in the control crosses showed that 51 of the 53 genotypic ratios observed were in accordance with Mendelian expectations at the 5% level after Bonferroni correction. Seven of the 32 microsatellite loci showed the existence of null alleles in control crosses. The second division segregation frequency(y) of the microsatellite loci ranged from 0.07 to 0.85 with a mean of 0.38, suggesting the existence of positive interference after a single chiasma formation in some chromosomes in the scallop. Microsatellite-centromere distances ranged from 4 c M to 42 c M under the assumption of complete interference. Information on the positions of centromeres in relation to the microsatellite loci will represent a contribution towards the assembly of genetic maps in the commercially important scallop species.

Torsion Axial-Vector in an Alternative Kerr Tetrad Field

In the framework of parallelism general relativity, the torsion axial-vector in the rotating gravitational field is studied in terms of the alternative Kerr tetrad. In thecase of the weak field and slow rotation approximation, we obtain that the torsion axial-vector possesses the dipole-like structure. Furthermore, the effect of massive neutrino spin precession in this field is mentioned.

Theoretical probe into universal tetrad effect for complexation discrepancy between lanthanide elements and organophosphoric extractant diethyl phosphoric acid

The deep understanding of 4f-correlated electron motion behavior is experimentally limited due to similar physicochemical properties of rare earth elements(REEs).While the solvent extraction behavior originating from the continuous occupation of 4f electrons along the lanthanide family provides a particular platform to probe the 4f electrons motion behavior and its correlations to their versatile functions.Herein,the complexation between REEs and the prototypical extractant of diethyl phosphoric acid(DEP)was substantially studied based on quantum mechanical calculation.The results firstly show that the average bond lengths between Ln and six coordinated oxygen atoms are consistent with lanthanide contraction phenomenon,and gadolinium break effect is also obviously observed.Secondly,the"tetrad effect"is figured out based on the subtle discrepancy of 4f electrons occupation,namely La-Nd,Sm-Eu,Gd-Dy and Ho-Lu.Specifically,the main composition is 4f5d6p for La-Nd,while the discrepancy is due to the increasing electrons in the 5d shell,while it is 4f5d for Pm-Eu.For Gd-Dy,their 4f orbitals accept little electrons and the donating electrons flow into 6s5d subshells due to the half-filled stability and the enhancement of shielding effect.The electrons donate into 5d6p subshells due to multiply electrons occupation of 4f orbitals for Ho-Lu.These detailed analyses obviously clarify the"tetrad effect"along the lanthanide family due to the different variation of 4f orbital occupation.It is expected that these microscopic understandings provide important guidance for the separation of REEs and the design of new extractants.

贝那鲁肽与四联活菌制剂结合治疗肥胖型2型糖尿病患者的效果

目的分析四联活菌制剂联合贝那鲁肽在肥胖型2型糖尿病(T2DM)中的应用价值。方法以随机数字表法将医院2022年1月至2023年1月接收的104例肥胖型T2DM患者分为对照组、研究组,各52例。对照组接受贝那鲁肽治疗,研究组接受贝那鲁肽联合四联活菌制剂治疗。比较两组疗效、不良反应、治疗前后血糖指标[餐后2 h血糖(2 h PG)、空腹血糖(FBG)、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)]、胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)、体脂相关指标[空腹C肽(FCP)、瘦素(LEP)、爱帕琳肽13、腹内脂肪含量]、肠道菌群及炎症相关指标[分泌型卷曲相关蛋白-5(SFRP-5)、单核细胞趋化蛋白1(MCP-1)、肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)、蛋白络氨酸磷酸酶-1 B(PTP-1B)]。结果研究组总有效率(96.15%)高于对照组(82.69%)(P<0.05);治疗后研究组2 h PG、FBG、HbA1c、HOMA-IR、LEP、腹内脂肪含量、MCP-1、TNF-α、PTP-1B均低于对照组,FCP、爱帕琳肽13、SFRP-5均高于对照组(P<0.05);治疗后研究组双歧杆菌、乳杆菌数量较对照组高,酵母菌、肠球菌数量较对照组低(P<0.05)。两组不良反应发生率相比,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论四联活菌制剂联合贝那鲁肽治疗肥胖型T2DM的效果确切,可促进肠道菌群、血糖水平、体脂相关指标改善,减轻机体炎症,促进病情恢复。

江南造山带中段仁里‒传梓源Li-Cs-Ta型伟晶岩中副矿物的稀土元素四分组效应

Li-Cs-Ta(LCT)型伟晶岩是我国Li、Nb、Ta、Be等关键金属的重要资源类型,其副矿物的稀土元素四分组效应(TE1,3)是表征花岗伟晶质岩浆演化过程和稀有金属成矿效应的重要参数,但其形成机制还存在较大的争议。本文选择江南造山带中段仁里‒传梓源LCT型伟晶岩中的副矿物(独居石、磷灰石、石榴子石和铌钽铁矿)为研究对象,旨在揭示其稀土元素四分组效应的形成机制及其与花岗伟晶质岩浆演化过程的耦合关联。仁里‒传梓源四类LCT型伟晶岩带中副矿物均具有相似的“M”型稀土元素四分组效应,且表现出一致的Eu负异常,表明这些副矿物是从具有“M”型稀土元素四分组效应和强烈Eu亏损的岩浆中同时结晶的。随着微斜长石‒钠长石伟晶岩→钠长石伟晶岩→钠长石‒锂辉石伟晶岩的演化,副矿物的稀土元素含量逐渐降低,Y/Ho和TE1,3值升高,暗示矿物结晶分异与副矿物的稀土元素四分组效应存在一定的联系,但矿物的结晶分异可能并不是副矿物稀土元素四分组效应形成的直接原因。岩浆演化过程中矿物的结晶分异会使熔体富集挥发分,挥发分中的氯与稀土元素的络合作用可能是LCT型伟晶岩中副矿物产生稀土元素四分组效应的根本原因。

双歧杆菌四联活菌片联合蒙脱石散对腹泻患儿肠黏膜屏障及血清炎性因子水平的影响

目的:研究双歧杆菌四联活菌片+蒙脱石散对腹泻患儿肠黏膜屏障及血清炎性因子水平的影响。方法:随机数字表法将该院(2022年3月至2023年3月)确诊的204例腹泻患儿分为研究组、参照组,各102例。参照组行蒙脱石散治疗,研究组在其基础上行双歧杆菌四联活菌片治疗。比较两组临床疗效、肠黏膜屏障功能指标、肿瘤坏死因子-α(Tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α)、血管活性肠肽(Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide,VIP)、C反应蛋白(C-reactive protein,CRP)、胃动素(Motilin,MTL)、白细胞介素-10(Interleukin-10,IL-10)、生长抑素(Somatostatin,SS)、γ干扰素(Interferon-γ,IFN-γ)、不良反应发生率。结果:研究组总有效率高于参照组(P<0.05);治疗后研究组D-乳酸、二胺氧化酶、内毒素水平低于参照组(P<0.05);治疗后研究组IL-10、IFN-γ高于参照组,MTL、VIP、SS、TNF-α、CRP低于参照组(P<0.05);治疗后研究组不良反应总发生率与参照组相比,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:联合治疗方案疗效显著,可有效改善患儿肠道黏膜,减少炎症反应,且不良反应少,安全性高。

双歧杆菌四联活菌片联合阿奇霉素治疗小儿重症肺炎的效果及对肺部超声评分、肠道菌群的影响

目的探讨双歧杆菌四联活菌片联合阿奇霉素治疗小儿重症肺炎的效果及对肺部超声评分、肠道菌群的影响。方法选取2021年2月至2023年2月信阳市中心医院收治的98例重症肺炎患儿作为研究对象,按随机数字表法分为观察组、对照组,各49例。对照组接受阿奇霉素治疗,观察组接受双歧杆菌四联活菌片联合阿奇霉素治疗。比较两组临床疗效、临床症状恢复情况、肺部超声评分、炎症反应指标[白细胞介素-17(IL-17)、可溶性髓系细胞触发受体-1(sTREM-1)、超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)]、肠道菌群指标[肠杆菌、双歧杆菌、拟杆菌]。结果观察组总有效率(95.92%)高于对照组(71.43%)(P<0.05);治疗8 d后观察组心率恢复、肺部啰音消失、呼吸困难缓解、体温恢复、肺部阴影消失、咳嗽缓解时间均短于对照组(P<0.05);治疗1、3、8 d后观察组肺部超声评分低于对照组(P<0.05);治疗8 d后观察组IL-17、sTREM-1、hs-CRP水平均低于对照组(P<0.05);治疗8 d后观察组肠杆菌菌落数少于对照组,双歧杆菌、拟杆菌菌落数多于对照组(P<0.05)。结论双歧杆菌四联活菌片、阿奇霉素联合应用于小儿重症肺炎的治疗中效果显著,能有效改善机体炎症状态,维持肠道菌群平衡,降低肺部超声评分,利于促进预后恢复。

九味镇心颗粒联合氟哌噻吨美利曲辛片及双歧杆菌四联活菌治疗腹泻型肠易激综合征的临床观察

目的 探讨九味镇心颗粒联合氟哌噻吨美利曲辛片及双歧杆菌四联活菌治疗腹泻型肠易激综合征的临床观察。方法 选取2020年1月—2021年1月期间信阳市中心医院收治的100例腹泻型肠易激综合征患者,按随机数字表法分为对照组和研究组,每组各50例。对照组给予氟哌噻吨美利曲辛联合双歧杆菌四联活菌治疗,研究组在对照组治疗的基础上给予九味镇心颗粒治疗。观察比较两组患者临床疗效、不良反应情况,治疗前后中医证候积分、直肠敏感性(肛管静息压、直肠感知阈值、腹痛阈值、排便阈值)、神经递质[神经递质5-羟色胺(5-Hydroxy Tryptamine,5-HT)、降钙素基因相关肽(Calcitonin gene related peptide.CGRP)、胃肠激素神经肽Y(Neuropeptide Y,NPY)]、二胺氧化酶、D-乳酸、内毒素水平。结果 治疗后研究组总有效率98.00%(49/50)明显高于对照组86.00%(43/50),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后两组患者中医证候大便溏稀、腹痛隐隐、多梦易醒、便次增多、少气懒言、心悸怔忡、神疲乏力、食少纳呆、腹胀、面色不华评分均较治疗前降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);且研究组中医证候大便溏稀、腹痛隐隐、多梦易醒、便次增多、少气懒言、心悸怔忡、神疲乏力、食少纳呆、腹胀、面色不华评分均明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后两组患者肛管静息压、直肠感知阈值、腹痛阈值、排便阈值水平均较治疗前升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);且研究组肛管静息压、直肠感知阈值、腹痛阈值、排便阈值均明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后两组患者神经递质5-HT、CGRP、NPY水平均较治疗前降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);且研究组神经递质5-HT、CGRP、NPY水平均明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后两组患者二胺氧化酶、D-乳酸、内毒素水平均较治疗前降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);且研究组二胺氧化酶、D-乳酸、内毒素水平明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗期间,研究组不良反应发生率1.44%(2/50)明显低于对照组16.00%(8/50),差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=4.001,P=0.041)。结论 九味镇心颗粒联合氟哌噻吨美利曲辛片及双歧杆菌四联活菌能够有效缓解腹泻型肠易激综合征患者临床症状,降低中医证候积分,恢复神经递质水平及肠道屏障功能,疗效显著,安全性高。

双歧杆菌四联活菌片联合富马酸替诺福韦治疗乙肝肝纤维化的疗效

目的 探讨双歧杆菌四联活菌片联合富马酸替诺福韦治疗乙肝肝纤维化的疗效。方法 选取2020年6月至2023年2月在本院就诊的乙肝肝纤维化患者60例,对照组在常规对症治疗的基础上接受富马酸替诺福韦进行治疗,观察组在对照组的基础上接受双歧杆菌四联活菌片进行治疗,统计两组患者肝功能指标、肝纤维化指标、炎性指标、影像学指标、肠黏膜屏障功能、不良反应发生率。结果 治疗前,两组患者ALT、AST、TBIL、ALB比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),治疗6月后,两组患者ALT、AST均较治疗前明显下降,TBIL、ALB均较治疗前无明显变化,组间比较,观察组患者ALT、AST低于对照组患者,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05),两组TBIL、ALB比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗前,两组患者肝纤维化指标比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),治疗6月后,两组患者肝纤维化指标均较治疗前明显下降,组间比较,观察组患者HA、LN、PCⅢ、Ⅳ-C低于对照组患者,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗前,两组患者炎性指标比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),治疗6月后,两组患者炎性指标均较治疗前明显下降,组间比较,观察组患者MMP-13、TNF-α、TGF-β1低于对照组患者,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗前,两组患者影像学指标比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),治疗6月后,两组患者影像学指标门静脉直径、脾肿指数均较治疗前明显下降,右肝斜径较治疗前无明显变化,组间比较,观察组患者门静脉直径、脾肿指数低于对照组患者,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05),两组右肝斜径比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗前,两组患者肠黏膜屏障功能指标比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),治疗6月后,两组患者肠黏膜屏障功能指标均较治疗前明显下降,组间比较,观察组患者指标低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组患者不良反应发生率10.00%低于对照组患者,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 双歧杆菌四联活菌片联合富马酸替诺福韦治疗乙肝肝纤维化患者,可促进患者肝功能和肠黏膜功能的恢复,改善肝纤维化,控制炎症反应,安全性高,有利于促进病情转归。

贝叶斯网络在护理真实世界数据的应用及Tetrad实现

目的介绍贝叶斯网络在护理真实世界数据中的应用及Tetrad软件实现,为医学科研人员提供方法学应用参考。方法以真实世界数据糖尿病预测诊断为例,使用UCI机器学习数据库Pima-Indian Diabetes数据集为实例数据,根据Tetrad软件贝叶斯网络构建顺序进行贝叶斯网络推理。结果当筛查者年龄≥30岁、糖耐量异常、餐后2 h血清胰岛素异常、BMI异常、家族家系遗传指数较大时糖尿病发生的概率由34.99%增涨为83.33%。结论通过Tetrad软件实现的贝叶斯网络为真实世界数据因果推断提供了有力工具,促使变量间的依赖关系得到客观定量的解释。

A peculiar composite M-and W-type REE tetrad effect:Evidence from the Shuiquangou alkaline syenite complex,Hebei Province,China

A new type of REE tetrad effect,a composite M-and W-type,was recognized in the K-feldsparthized and silicificated Shuiquangou alkaline syenites,Dongping,Hebei Province.Different analytical methods such as ICP-MS and isotopic dilution thermal ion mass spectrometer were exploited to verify the REE concentrations of the samples in three laboratories in China,France and Korea.The results are reliable and consistent within errors.In situ quantitative analysis of REE concentrations of individual zircons and apatites extracted from the very same sample has shown that fractional crystallization of magma and the superimposed hydrothermal alteration might have taken place in at least two-stage hydrothermal activities to generate the composite M-and W-type REE tetrad effect.The coexisting melt and aqueous phases,the superimposed alteration by volatile(Cl,CO2) -and Si,K, Al-enriched high temperature hydrothermal fluids might be the important facts for this new MW-type of REE tetrad effect.In addition,the peculiar MW-type tetrad effect might be an indicator for Au mineralization of reworked plutons.

双歧杆菌四联活菌片治疗老年功能性消化不良的临床效果

目的观察双歧杆菌四联活菌片治疗老年功能性消化不良的临床效果。方法选取2018年10月—2021年1月宜宾市第一人民医院消化内科诊治的老年功能性消化不良患者160例,按随机数字表法分为观察组与对照组,各80例。对照组给予枸橼酸莫沙必利片及柴胡舒肝丸治疗,观察组在对照组基础上加用双歧杆菌四联活菌片治疗,2组患者均连续治疗4周。比较2组患者治疗前后胃肠道症状评定量表(GSRS)评分、汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)评分、功能性消化障碍生活质量问卷(FD-DQL)评分、肠道菌群及胃肠激素水平。结果治疗4周后,2组患者GSRS、HAMD评分低于治疗前,FD-DQL评分高于治疗前,且观察组降低/升高幅度大于对照组(P均<0.01);对照组患者粪便中双歧杆菌、肠杆菌、乳杆菌、肠球菌及酵母菌数量与治疗前比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),观察组患者粪便中双歧杆菌及乳杆菌数量均高于治疗前及对照组(P<0.01),肠杆菌、肠球菌和酵母菌数量均低于治疗前及对照组(P<0.01);2组患者胃泌素、胃动素及胃促生长素水平均高于治疗前,且观察组高于对照组(P均<0.01)。结论双歧杆菌四联活菌片治疗老年功能性消化不良可缓解患者胃肠道症状,改善负性情绪,提高生活质量,调节肠道菌群,促进胃肠激素分泌。

粤北下庄地区白水寨岩体的成因及其对铀成矿作用的意义

白水寨岩体是下庄花岗岩型铀矿田西北部竹筒尖特富型铀矿床的主要赋矿围岩之一,目前其成因及其与铀成矿作用之间的关系还不清楚,为此,文章对该岩体进行了年代学、全岩和矿物地球化学研究。白水寨岩体侵入于下庄大型岩基内,主要由细粒二云母花岗岩和白云母花岗岩构成,单颗粒锆石SHRIMP定年结果显示,两类花岗岩均形成于印支期,年龄分别为229.4 Ma和231.8 Ma;显示了高硅、富碱(Na_(2)O+K_(2)O)、低FeOt+MgO+TiO_(2)含量,低P_(2)O_(5)含量,Rb、Th和U等相对富集,Ba、Sr、P和Ti相对亏损,ACNK≥1.1,富铝矿物含量高等特征,属于强过铝质S型花岗岩。与下庄花岗岩相比,白水寨岩体的两类花岗岩中均富继承锆石,且具有更高的SiO_(2)、Rb/Sr和更低的(FeOt+MgO+TiO_(2))、Zr/Hf、P_(2)O_(5)和黑云母的Fe^(2+)/(Fe^(2+)+Mg)值,指示该岩体源自华南富还原组分的富长英质变泥质岩经低度部分熔融,而并不是源自富镁铁质变泥质岩的下庄花岗岩的母岩浆经分异演化的产物。此外,与二云母花岗岩相比,白水寨白云母花岗岩具有显著的稀土元素四分组效应,更低的稀土总量、Zr/Hf比值和Eu/Eu^(*)值,表明白云母花岗岩在形成的过程中存在富F的流体与岩浆相互作用。白水寨岩体的两类花岗岩均富铀,可成为区内形成热液型铀矿床的铀源岩,其中的白云母花岗岩更富铀,更有利于成为铀成矿作用的铀源岩。