Predicting Skin Sensory of Cosmetic Emulsions by Texture Analyzer

The purpose of this study was to investigate the feasibility of using texture analyzer to predict sensory attributes of cosmetic emulsions.Eleven emulsions prepared in the lab and twelve commercial products have been tested by texture analyzer and evaluated by a trained sensory panel.Based on the collected data,a series of precise predictive equations were presented,and the predictive models were developed using simple linear regression by the best Pearson’s correlation coefficients.The results showed that the texture analyzer can predict sensory attributes of spreadability,firmness,ease of pick-up,peak after pick-up and tackiness by single corresponding parameter.All the values of R2 for these predictive models were above 0.80 except for the attribute of spreadability(R2=0.71).New methods were designed to measure three sensory attributes of ease of pick-up,peak after pick-up and tackiness,while the modified methods were developed to measure spreadability and firmness.These reported methods in the research are very effective and easy to operate and can support alternatives to traditional sensory profiles obtained with trained panels.

Hardness Genetic Analysis of Pink Hard-fruit Tomato

Hardness genetic laws of pink hard-fruit tomato were studied for breeding new varieties of pink hard-fruit tomato. The change of hardness degree and heredi- tary characters of tomato were studied using the texture analyzer, with female parents P27, male parents P31 and tomato F1 combination 15# as the test materials. The result showed that transverse hardness was the lowest, followed by longitudinal hardness, and the hardness of fruit shoulder was the highest. The average hardness at green fruit stage was higher, the hardness at turning-color period and red ripe stage decreased significantly. The average hardness of P27, P31, F1 combination 15# at red ripe fruit was 13.27, 10.88, 12.28 N, respectively. The hardness at red fruit stage and green fruit stage had significantly positive correlation. Fruit shape index of F1 combinations 15#at red ripe stage was 0.87. The fruit shape was round with 5-6 locules. The pericarp thickness was 0.7-0.8 cm. The single fruit weight was 258 g. It was the ideal bred variety for pink hard-tomato fruit. There was no necessary connection among fruit hardness and fruit size, pericarp thickness, ventricle numbers, single fruit weight. Fruit shape index could be used as indirect selection index of the hardness of tomato.

Effects of blade sliding cutting angle and stem level on cutting energy of rice stems

Previous studies highlighted the significance of optimizing the cutting blade for crop harvesting and size reduction.This study investigated the effect of blade sliding cutting angle and stem level on cutting energy of single rice stem using a cutting apparatus that combined with texture analyzer.The cutting energy was determined for four blade angles.The results showed that the average cutting energy was the highest for cutting stem upper level and the lowest for cutting stem lower level.It was found that the peak cutting force per unit stem area decreased with blade sliding cutting angle increased.However,the least average cutting energy was 9.12 J/mm^(2) of 45°sliding angle when cutting without counter support blade and 32.3%less than that of 60°sliding angle.When cutting with counter support blade,the cutting energy per unit stem area varied from 6.57 to 12.54 J/mm 2 as the sliding angle varied from 0°to 60°,whereas the peak cutting force per unit stem area varied from 2.46 to 0.98 N/mm 2.It was concluded that the optimal sliding cutting angle was 45°without support blade and 30°with support blade,respectively.The experiments on rice stems in this study indicated that optimization of sliding cutting angle and stem level have a significant effect on cutting energy savings.Also this study emphasized the need to further investigate the effect of the case of more moisture content and cutting speed on the cutting energy to help in selection of optimum cutting speed and harvesting time.

Experiment and analysis on mechanical properties of Artemisia selengensis stalk

The technology used for the storage and transportation of Artemisia selengensis is becoming increasingly important with its increasing consumption and demand;moreover,the amounts of artificial planting contribute to the challenges in Artemisia selengensis harvesting.Therefore,the mechanical property parameters of the Artemisia selengensis stalks were determined and researched to reduce the mechanical damage during harvesting,transportation,processing and storage.The Artemisia selengensis stalks were taken as the test object and a physical test method was adopted to study the impact of different positions,diameters,and directions on the mechanical properties by using the TMS-Pro texture analyzer;then,the relevant changing trends of the characteristic mechanical parameters were analyzed using statistical software.In the compression test,the compression load-deformation curve was observed and the breaking force and deformation were obtained;then,the compressive strength,elastic modulus and compression energy were computed.Next,the curve-fitting of the compressive strength and compression energy was carried out.In the shear test,the shear stress-deformation curve was obtained and the shear force,deformation,shear strength,and shear work were calculated.Then,the regression fitting of the section area,peak shearing stress and shearing work was conducted.Finally,in the last bending test,the bending stress-deformation curve,bending peak force,deformation,and bending work were obtained.Then the bending forces of other plants were tested,the results were compared and analyzed with the theoretical values,and finally the regression fittings were implemented.All the analysis results showed that Artemisia selengensis stalks can be considered to be anisotropic materials.The results also showed that the compressive strength and elastic modulus decreased with the height of stalk position,while the deformation increased.In addition,with the increase in the stalk diameter,the bending strength and fracture mechanical work increased,while the deformation decreased.The research results can provide a theoretical basis and reference for the design of the harvest equipment of Artemisia selengensis while minimizing its mechanical damage.

Advance in quality assessment of Chinese materia medica using microscopic and morphological methods

Quality evaluation plays a vital role in ensuring safety and effectiveness of Chinese materia medica(CMM). Microscopic and morphological technologies can be used to distinguish CMM's characteristics, such as shape, size, texture, section, and smell, for authenticity and quality control of CMM. The microscopic and morphological applications of novel micro-technology, colorimeter, and texture analyzer for CMM identification are summarized and the future prospect is discussed in this paper. Various styles and complex sources of CMM are systemically reviewed, including cormophyte medicinal materials, fruit and seeds, pollen grain, and spore materials.