The Truth Cannot Departs From the Human Nature——On the Status Quo of Translation of The Analects and the Spread of the Confucianism

Confucius'doctrines had great influence on Chinese history.Han Wudi rejected other schools of thoughts but held Confucianism in esteem and so its leading position in Chinese history was established.Its influence was so extensive in China that the Analects of Confucius is indispensable even now,either for studies on Confucius himself or for studies in Chinese history.For thousands of years,Confucianism has exerted a far-reaching influence on Chinese society,culture and on the Chinese psychology.Its influence has extended abroad and Confucianism has held a leading position in the world.

Interpretation and Translation:A Case Study of the Translation of“Péng(朋)”and“Yǒu(友)”in The Analects of Confucius

Lun Yu or The Analects,a masterpiece of ancient Chinese thought,contains Chinese Confucianism and the values and ways of doing things that it represents.This paper focuses on the interpretation and translation of“péng(朋)”and“yǒu(友)”in the translations by James Legge,Arthur Waley,Koo Hung-ming,and Xu Yuanchong respectively to explore the similarities and differences between Chinese and Western cultures and the concepts held by different translators in the way of conducting oneself in society.

The Wisdom of Administration in The Analects

The basic spirit of administration in The Analects includes the five following aspects： the wisdom of administration regarding humanity as the foundation; the wisdom of leadership with primary virtue; the wisdom of conducting business with righteousness; the wisdom of harmonious organization; and the wisdom of coordination with the mean. Relative to modern Western rational spirit of scientific management, Confucian management focuses on exploring the humanities and shaping human nature, and this has a unique value for contemporary management activities.

Constructing a Harmonious World——Linguistic Studies on the Analects of Confucius

Following Halliday’s view that "if a text is to be described at all,then it should be described properly;and this means by the theories and methods developed in linguistics"(Halliday,2002),we use the theoretical framework and methods developed in Systemic-Functional linguistics to explore "the socio-historical and ideological environment" for the "engendering" (ibid.) of the Analects,the particular contextual features of this great work,the hierarchical structure of Confucius’ main teachings,and also the ways of realizing his ideas in this book by the lexico-grammatical choices.We also discuss the implication and relevance of Confucianism to China and the present world.

Inheritance and Development of Three Pre-Qin Classics of Confucianism——An Application of Topic Modeling in Classical Chinese Text Analysis

The Analects, Mengzi and Xunzi are the top-three classical works of pre-Qin Confucianism, which epitomized thoughts and ideas of Confucius, Mencius and XunKuang1. There have been lots of spirited and in-depth discussions on their ideological inheritance and development from all kinds of academics. This paper tries to cast a new light on these discussions through “machine reading2”.

A Discussion on the Pedagogical Concepts in Confucian Analects from the View of the Pedagogy of Performed Culture Approach

Confucian Analects contains many pedagogical concepts and viewpoints that have a significant influence on China’s culture and history.Many of the concepts can be interpreted and understood from the perspective of the pedagogy of Performed Culture Approach.This paper investigates the meanings of some Confucian pedagogical discussions and thoughts,such as communicating with other social members,the relationship between language and behavior,multiple procedures in learning,and how social contexts affect one’s language and performance in the Analects,which is mainly from the perspective of the relationship between language and Performed Culture Approach.

《论语》“君子儒”与“小人儒”涵义考辨

儒家经典《论语》言“儒”,仅见于“女为君子儒,无为小人儒”一章,这很不寻常。学界诠释大多直陈观点而少有理据。要明确“君子儒”“小人儒”词义内涵,考察时代背景尤为重要。分析孔子时代“儒”之卑下地位和柔懦性格,诉诸孔子个人身世抱负及对“新君子”理想人格的塑造,我们认为孔子时代之“儒”都是“小人儒”,即地位低下之儒,“女为君子儒”不过是孔子的期待与自励,希望儒者通过“修德取位”和“以德正位”,成为德位兼具、勇毅刚强的“君子儒”。经孔、孟、荀、董仲舒等历代儒者不断诠释,“君子儒”最终成为两千年来推进政治治理、推动文化发展的中坚。

芬格莱特对《论语》的礼学诠释与现代重构

芬格莱特从西方日常语言分析的哲学立场诠释研究《论语》,把“礼”看作人存在的本质,深刻阐释了“礼”的道德规范、社会实践、神圣意义。芬格莱特重视《论语》的原典分析,尽量避免引入诠释性文本,并试图纠正西方流行的“主观-心理”式解读方式,但由于矫枉过正反而陷入另一种偏见,因此并未寻得“礼”的最终价值依据和心理本原,也使神圣礼仪成为“无源之水”。

《论语》中伤痛观念的哲学阐明

《论语》中的“父母唯其疾之忧”表明,对于疾病的担忧在儒家文化中有着特殊性。一个人克服祸福的牵引与死亡的恐惧而保持内心的安宁,却不该对他人的生老病死保持淡然。从疾病之忧到亡故之痛,这种伤痛不容被克服,具有不可替代的巨大意义。恻隐之痛乃仁之为体最显豁的开端,乃至于径直地就是仁了。伤痛观念由此获得更为鲜明的哲学品格,其与仁的本体地位息息相关。既要肯定对他人生老病死怀抱的伤痛,同时也要着力加以节制,不能任由其陷溺。

日本“中国学”视角的《论语》批判比较研究——以和辻哲郎、子安宣邦、加地伸行三位学者为例

经典文本是儒家思想的文字载体。在中国的经学体系中,经典通过不断被注解与阐释,被赋予了超越文本本身的含义,延续了儒学的生命。海外学界的《论语》研究,提供了以“中国学”视角考察儒家经典的借鉴。日本学者和辻哲郎、子安宣邦、加地伸行以原典批判的方式出版了《论语》研究的相关著作,并在近年来被译介到国内学术界,成为儒学研究的跨文化视角和海外中国学研究的新趋势。对比这三位日本学者的《论语》原典批判可见,三位学者都认可儒家经典的文本一致性与反思性,将其视作珍宝(和辻哲郎)、财富(子安宣邦)和“精神食粮”(加地伸行)等;他们也都认同经典在编纂过程中必然远离最初的言论,应当以批判的角度解读文本内涵。同时,三位学者均论及儒家的人文关怀,将其看作经典文本得以为不同时代所拥有的生命力所在。其中,和辻哲郎从文化史的角度看待孔子作为“人类教师”所带来的人文主义转向;子安宣邦强调了激活《论语》文本中“学”的自省意识;而加地伸行侧重解构儒学提供的精神关怀与生命哲学。

Toward a Gongfu Reconstruction of Confucianism -Responses to Comments by Huang Yong, Fan Ruiping, and Wang Qingjie

Responding to comments of my recent book, Understanding the Analects of Confucius, by Huang Yong, Fan Ruiping, and Wang Qingjie, this paper looks to highlight one of its major features--that it is a contemporary continuation of the Chinese tradition of doing commentary both as a way of allowing classic texts to unfold their rich meanings in the context of different times, and as a way for the commentator to express his or her own views. It strives to explain how a gongfu reconstruction of Confucianism can explain the apparent inconsistency between advocating rule-like instructions next to its encouragement of the art of flexibility, and to reveal what is more fundamental about Confucianism--rather than a system of rigid moral rules, it is an art of life. This gongfu interpretation would lead to the view that Confucianism does not depend on metaphysical truths as its justification, although it does need to hold metaphysical views as a way of affirming its values, which are justified through the excellence of life to which they lead. While the gongfu approach more accurately reflects Confucius＇ own philosophical orientation, and it is therefore used to determine technical details such as what interpretations to put into translation of a text and what interpretations to list in the annotations as alternatives, it is, in the author＇s humble view, also a unique contribution that the Chinese tradition can offer to world philosophy.

师者何以解惑?——基于《论语》“惑”的考察

教师要避免说教式的传道,需要能够有效地解惑。对《论语》中关于“惑”的表述进行考察,可以发现“惑”虽然与“知”相对,但并非“无知”,而是在学习过程中,对自身所学所知产生困惑的一种状态。学习者的“惑”生于所知,主观上是由于存在认知不完备、未达到知者不惑的境界,客观上是由于生活环境的较大变化冲击其已有的认知。“惑”的存在对学习者的自明而诚、由知而行造成消极影响,并可能割裂儒家教育的逻辑体系。师者要进行有效的解惑,应当从理解学生的思考方式、回应社会的发展变化着手,同时提高解惑的自觉性。《论语》中对于“惑”的探讨能够为当代教师理解学生的道德困惑,提升解惑能力提供历史经验。

涩泽荣一与《论语》——探寻《论语》中的商业合理性

随着全球化的加速进程,可持续发展成为世界各国面临的重大课题。世界各地对ESG投资和社会责任(CSR)的需求也在不断增长,“商业道德”及“日式经营”引起了热烈的讨论,尤其是被称为“日本资本主义之父”——涩泽荣一的商业道德思想。涩泽荣一(1840—1931年)出生于一个半农半商的家庭,从小便接受系统的教育,学习汉文,熟读“四书五经”等儒家经典书籍,并在其父的指引下学习经商。有人说,他成长的经历注定了他的人生选择;也有人说,是他善于利用儒家学说,是儒学成就了他,儒学奠定了他思想的基础。该文从涩泽荣一的角度出发,探究《论语》给予涩泽荣一的商业道德启示,以及他是如何对《论语》进行改造利用。

A Comparison of Confucian Analects Translated by James Legge and Bur ton Watson

Confucian Analects is one of the most important ancient Chinese classics,attracting various scholars to study and trans late it throughout history.Here I extract the translation versions of James Legge and Burton Watson of chapter 1.Raised by Hans J.Vermeer,skopos theory determines the translation strategies that are used in the translation;so this paper will briefly analyze the two translations’features from the perspective of domestication and foreignization under different translation goals.

正体全译中的变译手段——以《论语》英译为例

黄忠廉的变译理论把变译手段的概念应用在非完整性翻译范畴里,但在全译范畴里的翻译实践中,类似的变译手段也被广泛使用。全译中的变译手段可以归类为三种:增译、减译和改译。增译手段使译文表达的语言文化信息量大于原文所含的语言文化信息量,减译手段则相反。改译手段使译文表达的语言文化信息量约等于原文的。文章摘取《论语》英语全译本的核心文本的一些例子,对全译中的变译手段进行了分类的描述、解释和深入探讨。在增译手段的分类里,比较常用的有释译和翻译加评写。减译手段减少甚至删除了原文某些次要的语言文化信息。在改译手段里,有以原文整部作品为单位的改译手段,也有以比原文整部作品小的单位上的改译手段,后者探讨了这个层面上的文化概念的改译手段和言说方式的改译手段。

《道德经》与《论语》哲思融通性研究

传统研究《道德经》与《论语》的关系主要聚焦于两者的对立和互补,却忽视了两者内在的触类旁通。若以文本互涉分析为基础,就会发现构建《道德经》与《论语》的哲学思想的基本框架是融合共通的,皆自反思礼崩乐坏始,寻得以道和仁为首的社会整治之法,经无为而治的实践探索,实现以服务政治为目标,即它们的方法论、实践观及价值观是相通的。尤为重要的是其政论思想所表现的相互影响和一致性:《道德经》政治思想是《论语》政治思想的基础,《道德经》的“无名而治”是基于对《论语》“为政以名”批判得到的政论思想体系,所以“名”是儒道通融最为核心的要义。

援道入儒 以释解经——浅谈魏晋玄学视角下的《论语》解读

魏晋玄学指魏晋时期以老庄思想为要旨,结合儒家思想,进而探讨自然与名教关系的一种哲学思潮。在“援道入儒”的玄学思想的影响下,学者们常以道家思想来阐发经义,为经学打上了玄学的时代烙印。《论语》作为儒家最重要的代表作,这一时期的研究成果也都带有强烈的玄学色彩,如何晏等人所撰的《论语集解》、王弼所著《论语释疑》、皇侃所著《论语义疏》等。随着玄学思潮的不断演变,对于《论语》的解读也可随之划分为不同的发展阶段。

论廖平《论语微言述》残本的引书与引文

大约成书于清末最后几年的《论语微言述》残本是经学大师廖平在论语学方面的一部重要作品。该残本在注解《论语》时引用了大量书籍,其引书呈以经部为主,尤其以十三经为主,兼及史、子、集各部的特点;在引文上呈所选引文的妥当性、对部分引文的补充性说明、不同出处引文的并列使用问题等特点。加强对这些引书、引文的研究,或有助于我们进一步解读该残本,并理清廖平的解经思路。

朱熹“受福”观念的理学基础探析——基于《朱子语类》的考察

朱熹作为宋代理学的集大成者,将民众普遍接受的基于佛道和世俗的幸福观念与理学的“理”“气”“性”“命”相联通,回答人为什么能够“受福”,以期强化民众对于儒家思想的认同。首先,朱熹强调“天道福善祸淫”的“天理”必然存在,将“善恶”化约为气禀,以气禀的清浊厚薄来解释个人受福的多寡。其次,朱熹肯定个人对于受福的追求,根据“变化气质”的核心命题,提出道德修养可以提升气禀。最后,朱熹批评盲目的祈福行为,从人事的角度解释受福的本源,提倡合乎“理”的求福与受福。朱熹通过理气、心性等理学概念,解释了人为什么能够受福的必然性与偶然性,他对于“气”的强调赋予传统福文化更多的生命力。

《论语》英译与中西思想对话——以理雅各英译本为例

以英国汉学家理雅各的《论语》英译本为中心,梳理了译者通过其翻译活动阐释中国核心的哲学思想。理雅各的翻译活动推动了中西交流过程中的相互包容与融合。他的译本也成为19世纪中西对话的重要媒介,为西方社会理性、客观、科学地看待中国哲学、中国思想,和中国文化架通了桥梁。通过研究《论语》英译有助于中国文化典籍的传播,服务于中国文化走出去,提升中国话语竞争力,反推西方汉学界对中华文明的认同态度,寻求中外译者的协同交流。