The Art of War by Sun Zi:A Book for All Times

OVER the past 2,500years, the principles setout by Sun Zi in The Artof War have been appliedin innumerable wars, and hisstrategies have also been utilizedwithin a broad scope of competi-tion. The book is consequentlyindispensable to military strate-

War of the century between Tai Chi and mixed martial arts

On April 27th, the match about a retired mixed martial arts (MMA) boxer Xu Xiaodong knocking out Tai Chi'master' Wei Lei within 20 seconds in Chengdu, China aroused for the national question about the Chinese Kung Fu Tai Chi.

The Chinese-English Translation of Sun Tzu’s Art of War from the Perspective of Bourdieusian Sociology

The paper introduces the three core concepts of Bourdieu’s sociological theory and their application in translation studies.The paper then examines and discusses the English translation of The Art of War from Bourdieu’s sociological perspective and the perspective of ephemerality.A comprehensive and objective description of the different translations of the same original text in different historical periods,the strategies of the translators,and the social,historical and cultural factors affecting the translation process can lead to a deeper understanding and proper orientation of translation.

Brief Cases on Military Treatise of English Translation of The Art of War Based on Functionalist Translation Theory

Katharina Reiss put forward the functionalist translation theory in 1970 s.It promotes the status of the translators and provides options that translators could get in order to make the good translation.As China' s military treasure,The Art of War exerts great influence on the military development for its profound theory and careful logic.Combined with the theory,the paper finds different strategies in translating the military terminology of the cases.

Report on the Translation of The Art of War——A Comparison with Giles’ Mistranslations

With the rapid development of globalization,the world is deepening the links in various areas,such as politics,trade and culture.Culture serves the spirit and soul of a nation.To promote the common prosperity of culture,the whole world should strengthen the communication and exchanges with each other.The translation of Chinese classics plays a key role in the cultural ex⁃changes.The Art of War,written by Sun Tzu in Spring and Autumn period,is the earliest work of military science extant in the world.It has expounded the military strategies from a deep insight and in a comprehensive way.The study of this book is still of great importance now since the strategies it offered can be used in various areas.The thesis is based on the first five chapters the writer has translated.Lionel Giles,M.A.’s version plays an important role in cross culture communication.However,there still ex⁃ist some mistranslations.The writer provided her understanding and offered her English version by comparison with Giles’in the hope of deepening her translation study as well as providing some reference to foreigners interested in this book and ones that are interested in translation study.

Sun Zi:Author of The Art of War

SUN Wu was a native ofthe State of Qi during theSpring and AutumnPeriod (770-476 B.C.).The family name of his ances-tors, who were Qi nobles, wasTian. Sun Wu’s grandfather, TianShu, was a high-ranking officialand excelled in military affairs.

Stamps of New China Sun Zi's Art of War

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Research on the Countermeasures of labor-capital contradiction in enterprise from the Perspective of Mother-in-Law and Daughter-in-Law Effect

The mother-in-law and daughter-in-law effect is a widely existing contradiction effect in the family.Analyzing the causes and countermeasures of labor-capital contradiction in enterprise from the perspective of mother-in-law and daughter-in-law effect has innovative value inspired by prototype.The mother-in-law and daughter-in-law effect means that although the harmony of the family is beneficial to both mother-in-law and daughter-in-law,the unequal relationship between mother-in-law and daughter-in-law,the gradual awakening of daughter-in-law’s power consciousness,the lack of effective communication between mother-in-law and daughter-in-law,the husband’s favoritism and other reasons produce the phenomenon of“differentiated behavior”or“mutual distrust”between mother-in-law and daughter-in-law,which makes the family contradictions accumulate continuously.Through the method of literature research,this research finds that the causes of mother-in-law and daughter-in-law effect and labor-capital contradiction in enterprise are highly similar.The solution of the mother-in-law and daughter-in-law effect,which has been continuously proved in thousands of households,can be used to analyze the countermeasures and suggestions of the labor-capital contradiction in enterprise.This article analyzes the national and provincial statistical yearbooks,the strategic thinking of the ancient classics Sun Tzu’s Art of War and Sun Bin's Art of War,and modern well-known enterprises’methods of solving labor-capital contradiction in enterprise.It provides a basis for the argument of this article and focuses on analyzing and solving labor-capital contradiction in enterprise.It has the innovative value of combining ancient and modern.

Epidemic Diseases and Chinese Medicine: Example of SARS and COVID-19: Part Two

Along with the legends about epidemic demons,China has developed over the centuries a medical approach to epidemic diseases based on the teachings of Hucng Di Nei Jing(《黄帝内经》Huangdi s Intermnal Classic),Nan Jing(《难经》Classic of Difficult Issues),and Shang Han Lun(《伤寒论》Treatise on Cold Damage).Other doctors and scientists participated in this evolution of knowledge,like Wang Shuhe(王叔和),Ge Hong(葛洪),Chao Yuanfang(巢元方),Sun Simiao(孙思邈),and Liu Wansu(刘完素).However,it was in the 17^th century,after the great break of the Song,Jin,and Yuan eras that an innovative spirit,Wu Youke(吴又可1582-1652)first foresaw the existence of microorganisms as we know them now.His Wen Yi Lun(《瘟疫论》Treatise on Pestilence)foreshadows an original approach to epidemic diseases,particularly emerging infectious diseases of the 21^st century.After them,traditional Chinese medicine developed a comprehensive method of diagnosing and treating of these diseases(Epidemic Diseases Theory瘟疫学说)within the School ofHeat Diseases(温病学派).In a third article,we will examine some applications in the treatment of the SARS 2003-2004 epidemic(非典型肺炎)and the current COVID-19(新型冠状病毒肺炎)pandemic.

Epidemic Diseases and Chinese Medicine:Example of SARS and COVID‑19:Part Two

Along with the legends about epidemic demons,China has developed over the centuries a medical approach to epidemic diseases based on the teachings of Huang Di Nei Jing(《黄帝内经》Huangdi’s Internal Classic),Nan Jing(《难经》Classic of Difficult Issues),and Shang Han Lun(《伤寒论》Treatise on Cold Damage).Other doctors and scientists participated in this evolution of knowledge,like Wang Shuhe(王叔和),Ge Hong(葛洪),Chao Yuanfang(巢元方),Sun Simiao(孙思邈),and Liu Wansu(刘完素).However,it was in the 17th century,after the great break of the Song,Jin,and Yuan eras that an innovative spirit,Wu Youke(吴又可1582–1652)first foresaw the existence of microorganisms as we know them now.His Wen Yi Lun(《瘟疫论》Treatise on Pestilence)foreshadows an original approach to epidemic diseases,particularly emerging infectious diseases of the 21st century.After them,traditional Chinese medicine developed a comprehensive method of diagnosing and treating of these diseases(Epidemic Diseases Theory瘟疫学说)within the School of Heat Diseases(温病学派).In a third article,we will examine some applications in the treatment of the SARS 2003–2004 epidemic(非典型肺炎)and the current COVID-19(新型冠状病毒肺炎)pandemic.

抗战时期武术家朱国福武术活动的历史考察

文章运用文献资料、历史研究等方法,通过新史料的发掘,基于政治社会史视角,以有“武状元”之称的著名武术家朱国福为研究对象,对其早年武术行迹与抗战时期武术活动进行历史考察。研究发现,朱国福早年在冀津两地拜师学艺,后从天津至上海从事护院镖客职业;在南京的国术国考夺魁后,他应邀至南京中央国术馆任教务处长。九一八事变后,朱国福为切实实现“练为战”武术思想,辗转至湖南湘西积极投身军队武术训练事业。之后他到重庆,应地方政府官员要求组建重庆市国术馆;七七事变爆发后,为配合战时国民体育政策,朱国福与当地政府和社团紧密合作,通过开展武术竞赛、武术义演与武术培训等活动,努力践行着“强国强种”“武术救国”的抗战事业,在助力军事抗战的同时,亦推动了当地武术事业的发展。朱国福在抗战时期的各种武术活动,不仅体现了武术在战争中所扮演的角色和具有的社会功能,且折射出了近代中国武术在战争影响下日益国家化的演变态势。

现代教育技术的异化与消解——基于《孙子》行为学视角

现代教育技术给教师教学带来便利,同时也造成教师被技术压控、替代等情况,产生了技术异化现象,其根源是智能教育领域工具理性“僭越”价值理性。《孙子》行为学之“形”“势”行为辩证法揭示了教育技术异化存在的客观性(合理性)和消解的必然性,为工具理性与价值理性在教育技术领域的协调发展提供了中国古代智慧的现代方案。教师教学专业技术化发展与教育技术人性化开发都可以从《孙子》行为学中获得方法论启示。

系统的情报观到系统的安全观:兵家情报思想探赜

[研究目的]中国传统情报思想已经受到广泛关注,但传统的情报思想究竟折射出何种情报观,并且其背后蕴含何种国家安全意蕴,还需要系统梳理。全景把握古代情报思想,能够为推进新时代国家安全建设提供启示。[研究方法]以中国古代兵家为研究对象,选取《孙子兵法》《六韬》《吴子》三个代表性的兵家著作为具体分析文本,系统提炼兵家的情报观,并从“情报—反情报”“情报—决策—安全”两个维度剖析古代情报观及其背后蕴含的安全观。[研究结论]兵家的情报思想体现出一种从宏观到微观的情报工作体系,包含了“情报工作周期”的各个要素,并构建了情报与安全之间相关关系。总体来看,中国古代情报史仍具有良好的现代价值,在提升国家安全工作效能方面具有重要借鉴作用。

演化博弈论视野中的周礼与暴力——以春秋与东汉为历史切片

西周建立以后,基于宗法的周礼对军事行动合法性的约束曾长期有效,与之对应,《司马法》《六韬》等周礼色彩浓郁的兵法亦强调战争的伦理性质对战争自身胜负的重要影响。但从春秋中晚期开始,周礼对于军事行动的约束作用逐渐衰微,战争中的欺瞒等非伦理行为也日益频繁起来。作为春秋中晚期战争实践学术反思的产物,孙武的《孙子兵法》基本绕开了对于战争伦理性与合法性的讨论,并毫不掩饰地探讨诈谋的使用,最终完成了对基于周礼的西周军事观念的“马基雅维利式转向”。解释这一转向的主要资源将来自演化博弈论。大致而言,周礼在战场上的应用是以基于贵族核心地位的车战为技术载体的,而随着春秋的争霸战争所涉及的地理范围拓展到了不适合车战的中原边缘地区,步兵战法便慢慢淘汰车战,并由此边缘化了贵族的军事—政治地位。而步兵在古典中国语境中的廉价性又降低了每一个普通士兵的博弈权重,由此铺就了通向秦政之路。代秦的两汉虽然在表面上崇周,却已无法恢复周政下的贵族博弈传统。毋宁说,在东汉朝政中进行政争的各种势力——宦官集团、外戚集团与清流集团——都因自身的“祛地域性”而丧失了在必要的博弈缓冲区内长远筹划的能力,而往往本着赢家通吃的妄念而进行不必要的政治冒险。而鼓吹复仇的公羊学又在意识形态上为这种冒险提供了思想助燃剂。汉末大内战的不可避免性,由此便得到了一种基于演化博弈论的说明。

历史语义学视角下孙子兵学的核心概念:“兵”“将”“计”“战”“攻”“胜”

孙子兵学作为一个理论体系,建构于一系列核心概念。这些核心概念主要包括“兵”“将”“计”“战”“攻”“胜”六个词语。“兵”指军队和战争;“将”指将领,是用兵作战的军事主官;“计”指计算、计谋,是战争决策和实施的原则和方法;“战”即野战,亦指会战、决战;“攻”指进攻、攻击,或指攻城作战;“胜”即胜利,多指预测性的胜利。每一个词语加上前缀或后缀,又分别构成一组核心概念。孙子以这些核心概念为基础,系统论述战争、战争指导和军队建设问题,并把战争指导原则和方法置于核心位置,从而具有鲜明的军事谋略特质。所以准确地说,《孙子兵法》主要是一部军事谋略著作。

对事实与分析方法的关切——谢尔曼·肯特与孙子情报分析思想的比较研究

[研究目的]谢尔曼·肯特和孙子是西方和中国具有重要影响的情报理论家,通过对二者情报分析思想的比较研究,可作为深入探索中国古代与西方现代情报分析理论之间的异同与联系的有益尝试,有助于重新发掘中国古代情报理论的独特价值。[研究方法]通过文本对比分析法,梳理比较谢尔曼·肯特和孙子对情报分析地位作用的认识,以及各自情报分析方法的异同之处。[研究结论]《孙子兵法》的创作时间虽远早于肯特的情报分析理论形成时期,但其中蕴含的战略情报分析思想却并不逊色,在有些方面甚至有着更为深入和独特的洞见。这表明中国古代的情报理论具有独特的价值和意义,对于当今情报分析工作的发展具有重要的启示作用。

抗战时期东南地区的文艺民族形式讨论

抗战时期,闽浙赣粤四省毗连的东南地区,是一块相对独立的抗战区域。发生在这一区域的文艺民族形式讨论,规模足以与以延安为中心的西北地区和以重庆、桂林为中心的西南地区的讨论鼎足而三。东南地区的文艺民族形式讨论,没有形成讨论的焦点,但形成了几个较为固定的论域,且取得了一些较为相近的意见,在“孤悬东南”“区自为战”的情况下,还形成了自己的区域性特征,做出了自己独特的贡献。

以“乐”施“教”:苏区文艺功能价值论

苏区文艺在第二次国内革命战争时期,并非仅仅是一种活跃苏区军民文化生活的艺术形态,而是作为传播无产阶级革命思想最重要的宣传工具,自觉地承担起了推动中国革命走向胜利的三大使命:一是通过革命启蒙,唤醒了苏区军民的阶级意识,并以“打土豪、分田地”为政治纲领,彻底解决中国农村中分配不公的土地问题,目的就是要建立一个由人民当家作主的民主国家;二是通过战争动员,使广大农民群众真正了解第二次国内革命战争的伟大意义,并从思想上明确保卫苏维埃革命政权,就是在保卫贫苦农民已经到手的胜利果实,进而充分调动他们参加这场革命战争的积极性;三是通过统战工作,瓦解国民党军队的内战士气,团结一切爱国力量,建立抗日民族统一战线,进而全力以赴去保卫中华民族的美丽家园。苏区文艺这三大功能价值,在中国现代革命的具体实践中,已经成为一种红色文艺的光荣传统。

全面抗战前期生活书店与新疆文艺关系考论(1937—1942)

全面抗战前期生活书店在新疆的活动以及与新疆文艺关系的研究,至今尚未全面和深入。有研究在涉及相关问题时多将其作为背景材料一语概之而缺乏必要考证,因此仅“是否设立分店”这一基本史实亦不明确。历史上,20世纪30年代后期对新疆文化做出极大贡献的杜重远、茅盾、张仲实等人,其身份之一均为生活书店编委。在社会网络关系影响下,生活书店与新疆发生了诸多联系,对新疆抗战文艺及新疆文化产生了巨大推动作用且意义深远。