Based on data of 22 models from the Coupled Model Inter-comparison Project Phase 5(CMIP5),the performance of climate simulation is assessed and future changes under RCP2.6,RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 are projected over critical...Based on data of 22 models from the Coupled Model Inter-comparison Project Phase 5(CMIP5),the performance of climate simulation is assessed and future changes under RCP2.6,RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 are projected over critical Belt and Road region.Compared with observations,the CMIP5 models simulate the linear trend and spatial distribution of the annual mean surface air temperature(SAT)better in the north(NBR)and south(SBR)of the Belt and Road region.The trend of the 22-model ensemble mean(CMIP5 MME)is 0.70/0.50 C per 100 years from 1901 to 2005,and the observed trend is 1.11/0.77 C per 100 years in the NBR/SBR region.After 1971,the relative error between CMIP5 MME and observations is 22%/15%in the NBR/SBR region.Seven/nine models are selected in the NBR/SBR to project future SAT changes under three RCP scenarios.For 2081e2100,warming in the NBR/SBR is projected to be(1.16±0.29)/(0.72±0.32)C,(2.41±0.54)/(1.55±0.44)C,and(5.23±1.02)/(3.33±0.65)C for RCP2.6,RCP4.5,and RCP8.5,respectively.Under the RCP scenarios,the NBR region shows greater warming than the SBR region.The most significant warming is expected in Kazakhstan and the northern part of the SBR.The associated uncertainty generally increases with time under the three RCP scenarios.Furthermore,increases in warming over the Belt and Road region are more remarkable under higher-emission scenarios than lower-emission ones.展开更多
The paper seeks to examine the cultural aspects of the two initiatives to justify the fact that enhancing cultural connections is a two way process and would certainly enable both civilizations to learn from each othe...The paper seeks to examine the cultural aspects of the two initiatives to justify the fact that enhancing cultural connections is a two way process and would certainly enable both civilizations to learn from each other. B&R's people-to-people bond strategy and Mausam's initiative to revive cultural linkages are not contradictory in nature but supplement each other. In the backdrop of Doklam Stand-off, the shaken mutual trust between the two neighbors can be healed by further increasing cultural and people-to-people contacts.展开更多
Background:Local,state,and federal governments have started exploring the potential of crowdfunding in transforming conventional financing methods used previously to fund public projects and services.While crowdfundin...Background:Local,state,and federal governments have started exploring the potential of crowdfunding in transforming conventional financing methods used previously to fund public projects and services.While crowdfunding has been applied to improve government financing methods in recent years,little is known about how this new model can be extended and applied in international collaboration among governmentincentivized projects.Methods:In this paper,we explores what roles crowdfunding can play as a financial intermediary to support government-incentivized multinational projects in the context of the One-Belt,One-Road initiative.Results:We conjecture that crowdfunding can offer an efficient mechanism to improve participatory budgeting and facilitate private-public collaboration while providing a high level of transparency in the budget decision process.Conclusions:The paper also discusses research issues and challenges,including features of the crowdfunding platforms that can affect the adoption and use of the crowdfunding platforms in multinational initiatives.展开更多
As a flagship project of Sino-Indonesia cooperation within the framework of“the Belt and Road”Initiative(BRI),Jakarta-Bandung High Speed Railway(Jakarta-Bandung HSR)is the first overseas high speed railway entirely ...As a flagship project of Sino-Indonesia cooperation within the framework of“the Belt and Road”Initiative(BRI),Jakarta-Bandung High Speed Railway(Jakarta-Bandung HSR)is the first overseas high speed railway entirely implementing China's high speed railway technology with all systems,elements and industrial chain.It marks the success of extensive consultation,joint contribution and shared benefits between China and region states to achieve modernization.By studying the Jakarta-Bandung HSR project,this paper concludes the innovations and successful practices in“going global”of China's railway industry in terms of project organization,engineering construction,railway equipment,operation management,risk prevention and control,etc.Meanwhile,focusing on one of the eight major steps to support high-quality Belt and Road cooperation proposed by President Xi Jinping—building a multidimensional“the Belt and Road”connectivity network,this paper puts forward the specific outlook for China's high speed railway to“go global”and jointly build“the Belt and Road”Initiative from two perspectives of international railway engineering and international scientific and technological cooperation.展开更多
This thesis considers the prerequisites, terms and expected consequences of the implementation of？The Silk Road Economic Belt？. This project is positioned as both a new transport route and also as a global project o...This thesis considers the prerequisites, terms and expected consequences of the implementation of？The Silk Road Economic Belt？. This project is positioned as both a new transport route and also as a global project of development under the initiative of the People＇ s Republic of China. The paper will explore key opportunities and risks of the implementation which is predicted to provide momentous growth to Eurasia＇s economies. This includes the economies of member states to the Eurasian Economic Union, including the Republic of Kazakhstan related to the implementation of the project＂ Silk Road Economic Belt ＂.展开更多
Investment and construction of power infrastructure are directly related to the achievement of sustainable development goals.China's trade and investment with BRI(Belt and Road Initiative)countries have maintained...Investment and construction of power infrastructure are directly related to the achievement of sustainable development goals.China's trade and investment with BRI(Belt and Road Initiative)countries have maintained growth trend.The development and construction of these investment projects certainly have impacts on the economic development mode and sustainable development goals of the countries.On collecting the basic information of the renewable energy investment projects,this paper compares and calculates the current power technology structure and grid emission factors of the host countries,and analyses the carbon emission level of electricity generation from the perspective of the whole life cycle.Making it as the benchmark,this paper also analyzes the current China's invested wind and solar energy projects and the carbon emission reduction benefits to the host country.The results show that at present,China has about 36 renewable energy investment projects in BRI countries,with an installed capacity of 15.75GW(China as the project owner or investor),and achieve at least 48.69M tCO2 emission reduction.This shows that China's effective investment and implementation of the green projects will provide a strong impetus for the energy transformation and the improvement of their energy security in BRI countries.展开更多
基金This work is founded by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFA0602703 and 2016YFA0600704),and the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41330527).
文摘Based on data of 22 models from the Coupled Model Inter-comparison Project Phase 5(CMIP5),the performance of climate simulation is assessed and future changes under RCP2.6,RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 are projected over critical Belt and Road region.Compared with observations,the CMIP5 models simulate the linear trend and spatial distribution of the annual mean surface air temperature(SAT)better in the north(NBR)and south(SBR)of the Belt and Road region.The trend of the 22-model ensemble mean(CMIP5 MME)is 0.70/0.50 C per 100 years from 1901 to 2005,and the observed trend is 1.11/0.77 C per 100 years in the NBR/SBR region.After 1971,the relative error between CMIP5 MME and observations is 22%/15%in the NBR/SBR region.Seven/nine models are selected in the NBR/SBR to project future SAT changes under three RCP scenarios.For 2081e2100,warming in the NBR/SBR is projected to be(1.16±0.29)/(0.72±0.32)C,(2.41±0.54)/(1.55±0.44)C,and(5.23±1.02)/(3.33±0.65)C for RCP2.6,RCP4.5,and RCP8.5,respectively.Under the RCP scenarios,the NBR region shows greater warming than the SBR region.The most significant warming is expected in Kazakhstan and the northern part of the SBR.The associated uncertainty generally increases with time under the three RCP scenarios.Furthermore,increases in warming over the Belt and Road region are more remarkable under higher-emission scenarios than lower-emission ones.
文摘The paper seeks to examine the cultural aspects of the two initiatives to justify the fact that enhancing cultural connections is a two way process and would certainly enable both civilizations to learn from each other. B&R's people-to-people bond strategy and Mausam's initiative to revive cultural linkages are not contradictory in nature but supplement each other. In the backdrop of Doklam Stand-off, the shaken mutual trust between the two neighbors can be healed by further increasing cultural and people-to-people contacts.
文摘Background:Local,state,and federal governments have started exploring the potential of crowdfunding in transforming conventional financing methods used previously to fund public projects and services.While crowdfunding has been applied to improve government financing methods in recent years,little is known about how this new model can be extended and applied in international collaboration among governmentincentivized projects.Methods:In this paper,we explores what roles crowdfunding can play as a financial intermediary to support government-incentivized multinational projects in the context of the One-Belt,One-Road initiative.Results:We conjecture that crowdfunding can offer an efficient mechanism to improve participatory budgeting and facilitate private-public collaboration while providing a high level of transparency in the budget decision process.Conclusions:The paper also discusses research issues and challenges,including features of the crowdfunding platforms that can affect the adoption and use of the crowdfunding platforms in multinational initiatives.
文摘As a flagship project of Sino-Indonesia cooperation within the framework of“the Belt and Road”Initiative(BRI),Jakarta-Bandung High Speed Railway(Jakarta-Bandung HSR)is the first overseas high speed railway entirely implementing China's high speed railway technology with all systems,elements and industrial chain.It marks the success of extensive consultation,joint contribution and shared benefits between China and region states to achieve modernization.By studying the Jakarta-Bandung HSR project,this paper concludes the innovations and successful practices in“going global”of China's railway industry in terms of project organization,engineering construction,railway equipment,operation management,risk prevention and control,etc.Meanwhile,focusing on one of the eight major steps to support high-quality Belt and Road cooperation proposed by President Xi Jinping—building a multidimensional“the Belt and Road”connectivity network,this paper puts forward the specific outlook for China's high speed railway to“go global”and jointly build“the Belt and Road”Initiative from two perspectives of international railway engineering and international scientific and technological cooperation.
文摘This thesis considers the prerequisites, terms and expected consequences of the implementation of？The Silk Road Economic Belt？. This project is positioned as both a new transport route and also as a global project of development under the initiative of the People＇ s Republic of China. The paper will explore key opportunities and risks of the implementation which is predicted to provide momentous growth to Eurasia＇s economies. This includes the economies of member states to the Eurasian Economic Union, including the Republic of Kazakhstan related to the implementation of the project＂ Silk Road Economic Belt ＂.
基金This work was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China[No.2018YFA0606503].
文摘Investment and construction of power infrastructure are directly related to the achievement of sustainable development goals.China's trade and investment with BRI(Belt and Road Initiative)countries have maintained growth trend.The development and construction of these investment projects certainly have impacts on the economic development mode and sustainable development goals of the countries.On collecting the basic information of the renewable energy investment projects,this paper compares and calculates the current power technology structure and grid emission factors of the host countries,and analyses the carbon emission level of electricity generation from the perspective of the whole life cycle.Making it as the benchmark,this paper also analyzes the current China's invested wind and solar energy projects and the carbon emission reduction benefits to the host country.The results show that at present,China has about 36 renewable energy investment projects in BRI countries,with an installed capacity of 15.75GW(China as the project owner or investor),and achieve at least 48.69M tCO2 emission reduction.This shows that China's effective investment and implementation of the green projects will provide a strong impetus for the energy transformation and the improvement of their energy security in BRI countries.
