In the case of carbon emission tax,implementation target and effect of carbon emission tax are analyzed. For development status of Chinese coal chemical industry,carbon emission data of traditional and new coal chemic...In the case of carbon emission tax,implementation target and effect of carbon emission tax are analyzed. For development status of Chinese coal chemical industry,carbon emission data of traditional and new coal chemical industries are contrasted and analyzed,and the impact of levying carbon emission tax on coal chemical industry is studied. Promotion implementation opinions of carbon emission tax in coal chemical industry are proposed,and coordinated development between China environmental taxation system and relevant industries is further explored.展开更多
In the process of using high-pressure flat membranes to treat coal chemical wastewater,the effects of high-pressure flat membranes on the concentration of salt ions and the removal of pollutants were studied under the...In the process of using high-pressure flat membranes to treat coal chemical wastewater,the effects of high-pressure flat membranes on the concentration of salt ions and the removal of pollutants were studied under the conditions of different concentrations of influent TDS,COD and silicon dioxide.The results showed that when the concentration of influent TDS was 35 000-55 000 mg/L,the economic benefit of high-pressure flat membrane operation was the best,and the concentration ratio of high-pressure flat membranes was stable,varying from 3.3 to 3.6.As the concentration of influent organic matter ranged from 100 to 1 800 mg/L,the removal rate of organic matter ranged from 60% to 79%.In addition,the retention rate of high-pressure flat membranes to silicon dioxide was more than 90%.展开更多
Coal is fossil fuel abundant and widespread all over the world. It is a vital resource for energy security in our country, because the supply is stable. In this paper, the important role of coal played in the total pr...Coal is fossil fuel abundant and widespread all over the world. It is a vital resource for energy security in our country, because the supply is stable. In this paper, the important role of coal played in the total primary energy supply was described, and the status of modern coal chemical industry and clean coal technologies was analyzed. Based on the scientific research experiences of author, strategy and suggestion for Chinese development were proposed according to the regulation of scientific panning. In China, there are more social benefits and strategic meaning for developing the coal high-efficiency utilization technology. Considering of the general situation of our countries, these technologies with the features of can be industrialized, advanced, applicative, mature and feasible should be developed preferentially. The high-expend, low economic effectiveness and behindhand technologies should be abandoned. So, the development of coal clean technology in China should meet the natural resources, restrictive condition and elements of our countries industry situations. Based on these analysis, the most important technologies and fundamental researches should be prior developed in China.展开更多
It is important to develop the advanced coal to chemicals industry(ACCI)against a backdrop of coal-based energy structures,excessive imported oil and natural gas,and strict environmental constraints in China.In this s...It is important to develop the advanced coal to chemicals industry(ACCI)against a backdrop of coal-based energy structures,excessive imported oil and natural gas,and strict environmental constraints in China.In this study,the technology and industry of China’s ACCI are reviewed to explain the effect of using coal to replace oil and natural gas,and the corresponding resource and environmental burdens that this will create.Development trends in technology and industry are also proposed to explore future scenarios.The review shows that although excellent progress has been made on an industrial scale,demonstrative level,and in terms of technology and equipment,the lack of strategic understanding,severe external constraints,partly underdeveloped technologies,and weak foundations must be immediately addressed.Therefore,it is necessary to clarify the importance that the ACCI has on the energy revolution and energy system.Based on technological innovation,a variety of external factors should be considered as a whole with emphasis on filling the knowledge gap of theoretical foundations and industry standards to support high-quality development for ACCI.展开更多
Reverse osmosis(RO)is frequently used for water reclamation from treated wastewater or desalination plants.The RO concentrate(ROC)produced from the coal chemical industry(CCI)generally contains refractory organic poll...Reverse osmosis(RO)is frequently used for water reclamation from treated wastewater or desalination plants.The RO concentrate(ROC)produced from the coal chemical industry(CCI)generally contains refractory organic pollutants and extremely high-concentration inorganic salts with a dissolved solids content of more than 20 g/L contributed by inorganic ions,such as Na^(+),Ca^(2+),Mg^(2+),Cl^(−),and SO_(4)^(2−).To address this issue,in this study,we focused on coupling forward osmosis(FO)with chemical softening(FO-CS)for the volume minimization of CCI ROC and the recovery of valuable resources in the form of CaCO_(3).In the case of the real raw CCI ROC,softening treatment by lime-soda ash was shown to effectively remove Ca^(2+)/Ba^(2+)(>98.5%)and Mg^(2+)/Sr^(2+)/Si(>80%),as well as significantly mitigate membrane scaling during FO.The softened ROC and raw ROC corresponded to a maximum water recovery of 86%and 54%,respectively.During cyclic FO tests(4×10 h),a 27%decline in the water flux was observed for raw ROC,whereas only 4%was observed for softened ROC.The cleaning efficiency using EDTA was also found to be considerably higher for softened ROC(88.5%)than that for raw ROC(49.0%).In addition,CaCO3(92.2%purity)was recovered from the softening sludge with an average yield of 5.6 kg/m^(3) treated ROC.This study provides a proof-of-concept demonstration of the FO-CS coupling process for ROC volume minimization and valuable resources recovery,which makes the treatment of CCI ROC more efficient and more economical.展开更多
以新疆宜化污水处理厂化学软化工段污泥为研究对象,对样品进行形貌(SEM)、灰成分(XRF)、晶相结构(XRD)和官能团特征(FTIR)分析,并基于热重方法(TG-DTG)测试样品在惰性气氛和氧化性气氛下的热转化性能。结果表明:污泥呈片层状结构,主要...以新疆宜化污水处理厂化学软化工段污泥为研究对象,对样品进行形貌(SEM)、灰成分(XRF)、晶相结构(XRD)和官能团特征(FTIR)分析,并基于热重方法(TG-DTG)测试样品在惰性气氛和氧化性气氛下的热转化性能。结果表明:污泥呈片层状结构,主要由灰分(66.19%)组成,水分也较高(14.34%),具有一定的挥发分(17.38%)。污泥中的氧化物主要为P_(2)O_(5)、Ca O、Fe_(2)O_(3)和MgO等,主要结晶组分为磷酸盐,还有少量的C_(2)H_(5)N_(3)O_(2)。污泥热化学转化性能测试显示:在惰性气氛下的热解失重率为35.48%,主要归因于污泥中小分子或有机质的分解;在氧化性气氛下的燃烧失重率为34.75%,主要是污泥中有机质的氧化所致。基于Coast-Redfern模型的燃烧动力学拟合发现:污泥样品第四阶段的燃烧反应拟合效果更好,其反应级数以3级较为适宜,活化能为301.94 k J/mol,说明污泥中磷酸盐的分解和固定碳的燃烧需要更高的能量。展开更多
文摘In the case of carbon emission tax,implementation target and effect of carbon emission tax are analyzed. For development status of Chinese coal chemical industry,carbon emission data of traditional and new coal chemical industries are contrasted and analyzed,and the impact of levying carbon emission tax on coal chemical industry is studied. Promotion implementation opinions of carbon emission tax in coal chemical industry are proposed,and coordinated development between China environmental taxation system and relevant industries is further explored.
文摘In the process of using high-pressure flat membranes to treat coal chemical wastewater,the effects of high-pressure flat membranes on the concentration of salt ions and the removal of pollutants were studied under the conditions of different concentrations of influent TDS,COD and silicon dioxide.The results showed that when the concentration of influent TDS was 35 000-55 000 mg/L,the economic benefit of high-pressure flat membrane operation was the best,and the concentration ratio of high-pressure flat membranes was stable,varying from 3.3 to 3.6.As the concentration of influent organic matter ranged from 100 to 1 800 mg/L,the removal rate of organic matter ranged from 60% to 79%.In addition,the retention rate of high-pressure flat membranes to silicon dioxide was more than 90%.
文摘Coal is fossil fuel abundant and widespread all over the world. It is a vital resource for energy security in our country, because the supply is stable. In this paper, the important role of coal played in the total primary energy supply was described, and the status of modern coal chemical industry and clean coal technologies was analyzed. Based on the scientific research experiences of author, strategy and suggestion for Chinese development were proposed according to the regulation of scientific panning. In China, there are more social benefits and strategic meaning for developing the coal high-efficiency utilization technology. Considering of the general situation of our countries, these technologies with the features of can be industrialized, advanced, applicative, mature and feasible should be developed preferentially. The high-expend, low economic effectiveness and behindhand technologies should be abandoned. So, the development of coal clean technology in China should meet the natural resources, restrictive condition and elements of our countries industry situations. Based on these analysis, the most important technologies and fundamental researches should be prior developed in China.
基金supported by the Foundation of the Chinese Academy of Engineering,China(CKCEST-2021-1-15 and 2020NXZD3)。
文摘It is important to develop the advanced coal to chemicals industry(ACCI)against a backdrop of coal-based energy structures,excessive imported oil and natural gas,and strict environmental constraints in China.In this study,the technology and industry of China’s ACCI are reviewed to explain the effect of using coal to replace oil and natural gas,and the corresponding resource and environmental burdens that this will create.Development trends in technology and industry are also proposed to explore future scenarios.The review shows that although excellent progress has been made on an industrial scale,demonstrative level,and in terms of technology and equipment,the lack of strategic understanding,severe external constraints,partly underdeveloped technologies,and weak foundations must be immediately addressed.Therefore,it is necessary to clarify the importance that the ACCI has on the energy revolution and energy system.Based on technological innovation,a variety of external factors should be considered as a whole with emphasis on filling the knowledge gap of theoretical foundations and industry standards to support high-quality development for ACCI.
基金This work was supported by the National Kry Technology R&D Program(No.2019YFC0408503)State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment(No.20180X09).
文摘Reverse osmosis(RO)is frequently used for water reclamation from treated wastewater or desalination plants.The RO concentrate(ROC)produced from the coal chemical industry(CCI)generally contains refractory organic pollutants and extremely high-concentration inorganic salts with a dissolved solids content of more than 20 g/L contributed by inorganic ions,such as Na^(+),Ca^(2+),Mg^(2+),Cl^(−),and SO_(4)^(2−).To address this issue,in this study,we focused on coupling forward osmosis(FO)with chemical softening(FO-CS)for the volume minimization of CCI ROC and the recovery of valuable resources in the form of CaCO_(3).In the case of the real raw CCI ROC,softening treatment by lime-soda ash was shown to effectively remove Ca^(2+)/Ba^(2+)(>98.5%)and Mg^(2+)/Sr^(2+)/Si(>80%),as well as significantly mitigate membrane scaling during FO.The softened ROC and raw ROC corresponded to a maximum water recovery of 86%and 54%,respectively.During cyclic FO tests(4×10 h),a 27%decline in the water flux was observed for raw ROC,whereas only 4%was observed for softened ROC.The cleaning efficiency using EDTA was also found to be considerably higher for softened ROC(88.5%)than that for raw ROC(49.0%).In addition,CaCO3(92.2%purity)was recovered from the softening sludge with an average yield of 5.6 kg/m^(3) treated ROC.This study provides a proof-of-concept demonstration of the FO-CS coupling process for ROC volume minimization and valuable resources recovery,which makes the treatment of CCI ROC more efficient and more economical.
文摘以新疆宜化污水处理厂化学软化工段污泥为研究对象,对样品进行形貌(SEM)、灰成分(XRF)、晶相结构(XRD)和官能团特征(FTIR)分析,并基于热重方法(TG-DTG)测试样品在惰性气氛和氧化性气氛下的热转化性能。结果表明:污泥呈片层状结构,主要由灰分(66.19%)组成,水分也较高(14.34%),具有一定的挥发分(17.38%)。污泥中的氧化物主要为P_(2)O_(5)、Ca O、Fe_(2)O_(3)和MgO等,主要结晶组分为磷酸盐,还有少量的C_(2)H_(5)N_(3)O_(2)。污泥热化学转化性能测试显示:在惰性气氛下的热解失重率为35.48%,主要归因于污泥中小分子或有机质的分解;在氧化性气氛下的燃烧失重率为34.75%,主要是污泥中有机质的氧化所致。基于Coast-Redfern模型的燃烧动力学拟合发现:污泥样品第四阶段的燃烧反应拟合效果更好,其反应级数以3级较为适宜,活化能为301.94 k J/mol,说明污泥中磷酸盐的分解和固定碳的燃烧需要更高的能量。
