Exploring Critical Thinking Dispositions among Fourth Year BSc Nursing Students of Various Colleges of Nursing, Pakistan

Background: Critical Thinking (CT) dispositions in nursing are prominent predictors of competence in delivering high-quality care, and of professionalism, in newly graduated nurses. CT skills, in isolation of CT dispositions, do not guarantee success in the workplace, because Critical Thinking Dispositions (CTD) are important elements of intellectual reasoning that simulate a person towards using the CT skills. Therefore, nursing educational programs should promote lifelong learning rather than focusing on transferring the content of nursing knowledge only. And for this purpose, quality education is the key. Education should focus on teaching from diverse perspectives, incorporating various teaching learning strategies that are congruent with the modern era. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to explore critical thinking dispositions among final year Baccalaureate Nursing students of various military colleges of nursing, in Pakistan. Methodology: A descriptive qualitative exploratory study design was used to investigate the CTD of BSc final year nursing students. The study population included twelve willing nursing students, from six military colleges across the country. Demographic information and consent was taken from the participants of the study. In-depth interviews, through a semi structured interview guide, and probes were used to obtain data related to personal experiences of CTD amongst the nursing students. Results: Data analysis showed two broad themes: 1) Perceptions of CT, and 2) Experiences of CT dispositions. In theme one, the emerging category was: Clarity of CT;whereas in theme two, the categories that emerged were: a) Truth Seeking, b) Open Mindedness, c) Inquisitiveness, and d) Self Organization. Conclusion: The findings of the study revealed positive dispositions towards truth seeking, open mindedness, and self-organization, whereas disposition towards inquisitiveness was weak. Self-confidence and maturity also emerged as positive factors that the students possessed. This study recommends that faculty and learners should extend their concept of CTD, and emphasizes its application in daily routine. Additionally, faculty should modify their instructional strategies and focus on the cultivation of dispositions of inquisitiveness, curiosity, and allow questioning by students in the class.

On the Proof of the Contradiction of Set Theory

The article is devoted to proving the inconsistency of set theory arising from the existence of strange trees. All steps of the proof rely on common informal set-theoretic reasoning, but they take into account the prohibitions that were introduced into axiomatic set theories in order to overcome the difficulties encountered by the naive Cantor set theory. Therefore, in fact, the article is about proving the inconsistency of existing axiomatic set theories, in particular, the ZFC theory.

The fate of surplus embryos in the setting of assisted reproductive technology:A scoping review

Objective:To identify the attitudes of infertile couples toward their surplus frozen embryos.Methods:This study was according to PRISMA-ScR as the guideline for scoping review.Studies that assessed the attitudes of patients or infertile couples who had surplus embryos were included.We conducted systematic searches in English studies from April 2011-April 2021 using 7 databases:PubMed,Science Direct,EBSCO,Scopus,the Cochrane Library,Sage Journals,and Google Scholar.Data were charted based on author,year of publication,country,purpose,data collection,key findings,and research focus/domain.Results:A total of 37 research articles were included in the analysis.Their attitudes encompassed:supporting the donation of the surplus embryos for both research and reproductive purposes,continuing to store the frozen embryos,and disposing of the surplus embryos.Conclusions:Most of the infertile patients support donating their surplus embryos for research and reproductive purposes.

A longitudinal study of the professional dispositions of teacher candidates

The purpose of this study was to examine the professional disposition scores of Physical Education teacher candidates over time. In ad-dition, differences between teacher and student ratings were investigated. Participants were 65 students who completed three methods courses (A, B, and C) across a two-year period. Both the teacher and the students completed a profes-sional dispositions instrument in each of the three classes. Results indicated a decrease in disposition self ratings and teacher ratings over time. A 2 (Rater) x 3 (Time) ANOVA revealed that the student and teacher ratings were different for classes A and B but not for class C. The findings are encouraging in light of the strong alignment between teacher and student ratings in the upper-level class. The dispositions in-strument appears to be a valid and reliable method to assess the professional behaviors of teacher candidates.

A Comparative Analysis of Contemporary Methods of Final Disposition

This article illustrates the procedural specificities of the following eight contemporary methods of final disposition: (1) Natural Organic Reduction, (2) Alkaline Hydrolysis, (3) Plastination, (4) Body Farm, (5) Cryonics, (6) Memorial Reefs, (7) Organic Burial Pods, and (8) Space Funeral. After comparing the differences in the duration of body-processing time of all eight methods, Alkaline Hydrolysis was determined to take the shortest length of time to complete (6 - 8 hours), while Plastination was deemed to take the longest length of time to complete (1 year). Additionally, with regard to comparing the differences in cost to the consumer, Plastination and Body Farm were both deemed to be of the lowest cost ($0/body donation only), while Cryonics was deemed to be the most expensive ($200,000+ due to ongoing subfreezing storage and maintenance fees). Finally, after comparing the differences in each state’s set of sanctioned methods of final disposition, it was established that the seventeen states that restrict their residents’ options the most, permitting only two out of the eight contemporary options, include Alaska, Arkansas, Delaware, Indiana, Iowa, Kentucky, Louisiana, Massachusetts, Mississippi, Montana, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New Mexico, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Dakota, and Wisconsin, and that the two states that restrict their residents the least, permitting six out of the eight contemporary options include California and Florida.

“双性同体”视角下的儿童文学翻译研究——以The Wizard of Oz为例

一些研究表明,表现出"双性化"人格的个体具备男女两性都具有的优秀气质特征,如自信、独立、沉稳、成熟等。文章从"双性同体"角度探讨儿童文学翻译中的性别气质,并通过对《绿野仙踪》两个译本的对比分析,说明儿童文学译者应充分合理地展现原作所体现的女性和男性气质,以便对儿童的"双性化"气质培养产生积极的影响。

Plants Disposition of Waterfront Area Based on River Ecological Restoration in China

After the illustration of ecological restoration and research situation of foreign and domestic rivers,the paper has analyzed the relation between plants and river ecological restoration.By taking Jialu River that is the main river of Zhengzhou City,for example,it has introduced the general situation of the project and the site,water quality of the river,and soil survey and testing.It has pointed out that the structural system of ecological space of "one corridor,one core and five areas" has formed in ecological restoration project.On this basis,it has analyzed plants disposition forms in waterfront area,emphasized combining aquatic plants and urban waterfront areas to construct a natural ecological river channel which will be a new design idea for ecological reconstruction in modern urban waterfront area.

THE DESIGN,EQUIPMENT DISPOSITION AND MANAGEMENT OF INTENSIVE CARE UNIT

A good or bad design,equipment disposition and management of Intensive CareUnit (ICU) is one of the important standards which judge the medical level.As theinvestment of equipments in ICU is so costly,the problems of how to design ICUcorrectly,how to dispose the equipments in it and how to manage ICU must besolved effectively.We have worked out a set of methods for the above problemsthrough investigating ICU in several hospitals.

Mineralogical Research of the Bayan-Obo Rare Earth-Niobium-Iron Ore Deposit

Bayan-Obo ore diposit is known as a superlarge rare earth-niobium-polymetallic-iron ore deposit in the world today.A great many of mineral species were found there,and the complicated metallogenic conditions were defined.The ore deposit occurs in the Proterozoic silicious,argullaceous and carbonatic strata having been subject to the Paleozoic magmatic activity and associated intense metasomatism with the sodium and fluorine-bearing hydrothermal solutions.A great many of specific,rare minerals and mineral assemblages has been formed.Study of the minerals and mineral assemblages has a great siginificance either in mineralogical theories or in practice.

RESEARCH ON THE DOF DISPOSITION AND MECHANISMS DESIGN OF HUMANOID ROBOT

The DOF of human being was analyzed in this paper. Three reasonable kinds of DOF disposition programs came up to design a humanoid robot and an optimal DOF disposition program was chosen according to configuration appearance, realizing the balance and torsion movement and analysis of torque of the humanoid. Three special mechanisms were designed so that the humanoid robot has some special function.

Influence of Gas Composition on the Resisting Ability of Gunning Material for Blast Furnace to Carbon Monoxide Corrosion

This paper describes the resisting ability of gunning material for blast furnace to carbon monoxide corrosion under the mixed gas condition through inletting hydrogen into pure CO . A standard for testing ike resisting ability of refractory to CO corrosion with mixed gas instead of pure CO has also been discussed. The results show : the addition of hydrogen accelerates the CO corrosion on gunning material ; the same results has been reached with the CO , 200 hours and CO 95 % + H2 5 % , 24 hours. It is reasonable to use CO 95% + H25% , 24 hours instead of pure CO, 200 hours to lest the resisting ability of refractory to carbon monoxide corrosion.

Pharmacokinetics and Efficacy of Tilmicosin in the Treatment of <i>Pasteurella haemolytica</i>Bronchopneumonia in Calves

Tilmicosin was administered intravenously and subcutaneously at a dose rate of 10 mg/kg bwt to determine its concentration in blood and bronchial secretion as well as its kinetic behavior in healthy and Pasteurella haemolytica type A1-infected calves. Sever acute bronchopneumonia was induced in 10 calves by inoculating them intra-tracheally with P. haemolytica type A1. The calves were treated with tilmicosin;5 of these received the drug intravenously and the other 5 were injected subcutaneously. After a slow intravenous injection, the serum concentration-time curve indicated a two compartment open model with a mean elimination half-lives (t1/2bs) of 22.09 and 22.14 hours before and after infection, respectively. The mean residence time (MRT) corrected for a bolus injection was 2.25 and 2.20 hours and the mean MRTinf was 25.27 and 25.46 hours in healthy and P. haemolytica-infected calves, respectively. After subcutaneous injection, the drug was eliminated more slowly (before and after infection) from serum and bronchial secretions, with t1/2bs of (24.60 and 25.85 hours) and (33.74 and 31.78 hours), respectively. The apparent volume of distribution (Vd(area)) of tilmicosin was more than 1 litre·kg-1. The peak serum and bronchial secretions of tilmicosin concentration were (1.33 and 1.36 mg·ml-1) and (1.40 and 1.70 mg·ml-1) attained at (7.21 and 7.15 hours) and 7.11 and 7.10 hours) after subcutaneous injection, respectively. Tilmicosin was good secreted into bronchial secretions having AUCbronchial secretion/ AUCserum ratio of approximately 1:1.24 and 1:1.22 in healthy and P. haemolytica-

Cardiometabolic risk factors in young Indian men and their association with parameters of insulin resistance and beta-cell function

BACKGROUND There is an unmet need to evaluate the burden of cardiometabolic risk factors in young South Asian adults,who are not preselected for glycaemia.AIM To evaluate young North Indian men(aged 20-50 years)for burden of cardiometabolic risk factors,in relation to parameters of homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance(HOMA-IR)and beta-cell function(oral disposition index[oDI]).METHODS Study participants were invited in a fasting state.Sociodemographic,anthropometric,and medical data were collected,and 75 g oral glucose tolerance test was performed with serum insulin and plasma glucose estimation at 0,30,and 120 min.Participants were divided into quartiles for HOMA-IR and oDI(category 1:Best HOMA-IR/oDI quartile;category 3:Worst HOMA-IR/oDI quartile)and composite HOMA-IR/oDI phenotypes(phenotype 1:Best quartile for both HOMA-IR and oDI;phenotype 4:Worst quartile for both HOMA-IR and oDI)were derived.RESULTS We evaluated a total of 635 men at a mean(±SD)age of 33.9±5.1 years and body mass index of 26.0±3.9 kg/m^(2).Diabetes and prediabetes were present in 34(5.4%)and 297(46.8%)participants,respectively.Overweight/obesity,metabolic syndrome,and hypertension were present in 388(61.1%),258(40.6%),and 123(19.4%)participants,respectively.The prevalence of dysglycaemia,metabolic syndrome,and hypertension was significantly higher in participants belonging to the worst HOMA-IR and oDI quartiles,either alone(category 3 vs 1)or in combination(phenotype 4 vs 1).The adjusted odds ratios for dysglycaemia(6.5 to 7.0-fold),hypertension(2.9 to 3.6-fold),and metabolic syndrome(4.0 to 12.2-fold)were significantly higher in individuals in the worst quartile of HOMA-IR and oDI(category 3),compared to those in the best quartile(category 1).The adjusted odds ratios further increased to 21.1,5.6,and 13.7,respectively,in individuals with the worst,compared to the best composite HOMA-IR/oDI phenotypes(phenotype 4 vs 1).CONCLUSION The burden of cardiometabolic risk factors is high among young Asian Indian men.Our findings highlight the importance of using parameters of insulin resistance and beta-cell function in phenotyping individuals for cardiometabolic risk.

The utility of endogenous glycochenodeoxycholate-3-sulfate and 4β-hydroxycholesterol to evaluate the hepatic disposition of atorvastatin in rats

The liver is an important organ for drugs disposition,and thus how to accurately evaluate hepatic clearance is essential for proper drug dosing.However,there are many limitations in drug dosage adjustment based on liver function and pharmacogenomic testing.In this study,we evaluated the ability of endogenous glycochenodeoxycholate-3-sulfate(GCDCA-S)and 4β-hydroxycholesterol(4β-HC)plasma levels to evaluate organic anion-transporting polypeptide(Oatps)-mediated hepatic uptake and Cyp3 a-meidated metabolism of atorvastatin(ATV)in rats.The concentration of ATV and its metabolites,2-OH ATV and 4-OH ATV,was markedly increased after a single injection of rifampicin(RIF),an inhibitor of Oatps.Concurrently,plasma GCDCA-S levels were also elevated.After a single injection of the Cyp3 a inhibitor ketoconazole(KTZ),plasma ATV concentrations were significantly increased and 2-OH ATV concentrations were decreased,consistent with the metabolism of ATV by Cyp3 a.However,plasma 4β-HC was not affected by KTZ treatment despite it being a Cyp3 a metabolite of cholesterol.After repeated oral administration of RIF,plasma concentrations of ATV,2-OH ATV and 4-OH ATV were markedly increased and the hepatic uptake ratio of ATV and GCDCA-S was decreased.KTZ did not affect plasma concentrations of ATV,2-OH ATV and 4-OH ATV,but significantly decreased the metabolic ratio of total and 4-OH ATV.However,the plasma level and hepatic metabolism of 4β-HC were not changed by KTZ.The inhibition of hepatic uptake of GCDCA-S by RIF was fully reversed after a 7-d washout of RIF.Plasma concentration and hepatic uptake ratio of GCDCA-S were correlated with the plasma level and hepatic uptake of ATV in rats with ANIT-induced liver injury,respectively.These results demonstrate that plasma GCDCA-S is a sensitive probe for the assessment of Oatps-mediated hepatic uptake of ATV.However,Cyp3 a-mediated metabolism of ATV was not predicted by plasma 4β-HC levels in rats.

Experiences and Conclusions of the Hungarian Emergency Sepsis Register

Objective: Early recognition is a key step in decreasing morbidity and mortality in sepsis. Like in other European countries an ever growing number of septic patients enter hospitals via emergency departments. Our goal was to assess the number and severity of patients with sepsis, severe sepsis and septic shock attending the Hungarian emergency departments. Methods: Two-hundred and ninety-nine patients were entered into the Hungarian Emergency Sepsis Register, focusing on age, disease severity, monitoring and oxygenation. Application and time of administration of antibiotics, use of biomarkers, i.e. lactate and procalcitonin, disposition of patients were assessed using a web-based electronic questionnaire. Results: Data arriving from twenty emergency departments revealed that with severity of the disease oxygen administration and level of monitoring increased, along with antibiotic administration and use of biomarkers. Time spent in the ED did not differ between septic, severely septic and septic shock patients;however higher level of care was provided for the sickest patients. Conclusion: Our register data indicate that sepsis presents a substantial challenge to Hungarian emergency departments. The set standards for timely, adequate treatment are not yet met. The results are however also influenced by characteristics of the Hungarian health care system, most notably the lack of hospice systems. Further studies are needed to separate the subset of patients who would require and of life care.

The Development of a Computerized ModificationEquipment Resources Disposition System

This paper introduces the development of the Computerized Modification EquipmentResources Disposition System which was developed by using Oracle8.0 database on the severside and the PowerBuilder6.0 on the client side and runs under the Windows95 and Windows, NTnetwork environmint, its basic principle, the information flow diagram ,functional, modules,and finally applications of the system.

The Influence of Blending Learning on Undergraduates’Critical Thinking Disposition:A Quasi Experimental Study

Objective:To explore the influence of blending learning on the critical thinking disposition among undergraduates.Methods:Two undergraduate classes majoring in Applied Psychology with similar level of critical thinking disposition were selected as the research subjects.Class A(106 students)was the experimental class,and class B(131 students)was the control class.During the research period of one semester(four months),the following measures were implemented for the two classes.The control class studied Developmental Psychology under the conventional teaching methods and procedures,while the experimental class studied Developmental Psychology according to the requirements and procedures of blending learning.The two classes were investigated with Critical Thinking Disposition Inventory-Chinese Version(CTDI-CV)at the beginning and end of the course.Results:At the beginning of the course,the total scores of CTDI-CV of the two classes were(217.33±14.90)and(218.31±16.29),respectively,with no significant difference(P>0.05).At the end of the course,the total scores of CTDI-CV of the experimental class and the control class were(237.84±17.53)and(224.22±17.52),respectively,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.001).Conclusion:Blending learning may have a positive effect in improving the critical thinking disposition in undergraduates.

Research progress on subjective well-being and dispositional optimism of the elderly

The subjective well-being of the elderly is an integral part of healthy aging.This review introduces the concept of subjective well-being of the elderly and the evaluation tools used,reviews the influencing factors of subjective well-being of the elderly,and summarizes the intervention measures of subjective well-being of the elderly.From the perspective of positive psychology,based on the introduction of the concept and evaluation tools of temperament optimism,this paper reviews the research status of temperament optimism and subjective well-being and the research progress of their correlation,so as to provide a theoretical basis for the intervention to improve the subjective well-being of the elderly.

Translations of Chrysanthemum Poems in Dreams of Red Mansion from the Perspective of Roger T·Bell’s Cognitive Schema—based on Yang’s and Hawkes’s editions

The transability of poems has been a heated debate.Actually,there is no problem in transforming one language to anoth⁃er.However,the successful transformation rests with that the translation can get the identical aesthetics effect of source texts.It is no doubt that translation process plays a vital role.This paper will analyze and study the translations of chrysanthemum poems in Dreams of Red Mansion from the perspective of Roger T·Bell’s cognitive schema,based on two editions,the translation of Yang Xianyi and Yang Gladys and the translation of David Hawkes.The analysis gives rises a conclusion that the poetic beauty(the liter⁃ary grace containing in poems),disposition(the personality hiding behind poems)and omen(the destiny implying in poems)can be interactively processed in syntactic,semantic and pragmatic levels if the content and meaning of source text and target text can be transmitted equally.