Three Versions on tian's Translations in Doctrine of the Mean

Since ancient times,"heaven"has been indispensable in the traditional books of the communist party of China.The English translation of traditional books has become the mainstream of The Times.Currently,the translation levels of the translated versions are uneven,and there are great differences in the translation of some keywords.This paper mainly discusses the different translations of"heaven"in section 1 of the English translation of theof the Mean by James Legge,Gu Hongming,Roger T.Ames and David Hall.

Calculation of Significant Wave Height Using the Linear Mean Square Estimation Method

Significant wave height is an important criterion in designing coastal and offshore structures.Based on the orthogonality principle, the linear mean square estimation method is applied to calculate significant wave height in this paper.Twenty-eight-year time series of wave data collected from three ocean buoys near San Francisco along the California coast are analyzed.It is proved theoretically that the computation error will be reduced by using as many measured data as possible for the calculation of significant wave height.Measured significant wave height at one buoy location is compared with the calculated value based on the data from two other adjacent buoys.The results indicate that the linear mean square estimation method can be well applied to the calculation and prediction of significant wave height in coastal regions.

AN ESTIMATE FOR THE MEAN CURVATURE OF SUBMANIFOLDS CONTAINED IN A HOROBALL

We obtain the Omori-Yau maximum principle on complete properly immersed submanifolds with the mean curvature satisfying certain condition in complete Riemannian manifolds whose radial sectional curvature satisfies some decay condition, which generalizes our previous results in [17]. Using this generalized maximum principle, we give an estimate on the mean curvature of properly immersed submanifolds in H^n × R^e with the image under the projection on H^n contained in a horoball and the corresponding situation in hyperbolic space. We also give other applications of the generalized maximum principle.

Procedural Transition in the Principle of the Best Interests of the Child in the Eyes of the European Court of Human Rights

The principle of the best interests of the child,as a criterion for substantive review,is conceptually ambiguous and uncertain in its application.To mitigate this dilemma in the application of the principle of the best interests of the child,the European Court of Human Rights(ECHR)has made a procedural transition in the interpretation and application of this principle,shifting from conducting specific proportionality analysis or interests balancing in cases related to children to examining whether States Parties have applied the principle of the best interests of the child in their judicial procedures.Moreover,ECHR has developed three procedural review schemes:holistic reviews,key factors-based reviews and factor list-based reviews.Compared with substantive reviews,procedural reviews adhere to the ECHR doctrine of margin of appreciation,restrict the free discretion of the court,give play to the effect of procedural autonomy,and pursue the value of subjective procedural justice,which has its own unique theoretical value and practical significance,and provides a feasible reference for China to interpret and apply the principle of the best interests of the child.

A model for the mean velocity of debris flow movement based on the minimum energy dissipation principle

The geomorphic minimum energy dissipation principle is important in the development of gully evolutionary theory.The impact of debris flows on channels during movement also adheres to this theory.A minimum energy dissipation model for debris flows has been obtained from previous studies,which is derived from the flow rules of runoff along a channel under rainfall or ice-snow meltwater conditions.However,the lack of consideration for erosion characteristics has hindered a comprehensive understanding of the movement characteristics of debris flow.In this paper,the phenomenon of volume increase resulting from the entrainment along debris flow movement is considered in order to derive a model for the mean velocity,reflecting the minimum energy dissipation principle.The entire expression of the mean velocity model is determined through 38 typical glacial and rainstorm debris flow cases.To evaluate the reliability of the proposed model,we employed 164 monitoring data from 1995 to 2000 in the Jiangjia gully,Yunnan,China.The results show that the velocity calculated by the proposed model are highly correlated with those obtained from the monitoring data.Additionally,a comparison is made between the mean velocities calculated by the proposed model and those obtained from previous studies,highlighting the exceptional applicability of the proposed model.This study will contribute to reveal the movement laws of debris flow along the channel.

A Mean-Field Stochastic Maximum Principle for Optimal Control of Forward-Backward Stochastic Differential Equations with Jumps via Malliavin Calculus

This paper considers a mean-field type stochastic control problem where the dynamics is governed by a forward and backward stochastic differential equation (SDE) driven by Lévy processes and the information available to the controller is possibly less than the overall information. All the system coefficients and the objective performance functional are allowed to be random, possibly non-Markovian. Malliavin calculus is employed to derive a maximum principle for the optimal control of such a system where the adjoint process is explicitly expressed.

A Procedure for the Squaring of a Circle (of Any Radius)

This paper presents a graphical procedure for the squaring of a circle of any radius. This procedure, which is based on a novel application of the involute profile, when applied to a circle of arbitrary radius (using only an unmarked ruler and a compass), produced a square equal in area to the given circle, which is 50 cm2. This result was a clear demonstration that not only is the construction valid for the squaring of a circle of any radius, but it is also capable of achieving absolute results (independent of the number pi (π), in a finite number of steps), when carried out with precision.

A Method for the Squaring of a Circle

This paper presents a Method for the squaring of a circle (i.e., constructing a square having an area equal to that of a given circle). The construction, when applied to a given circle having an area of 12.7 cm2, it produced a square having an area of 12.7 cm2, using only an unmarked ruler and a compass. This result was a clear demonstration that not only is the construction valid for the squaring of a circle but also for achieving absolute results (independent of the number pi (π) and in a finite number of steps) when carried out with precision.

The Ethical Foundation Underlying the Spirit of Capitalism:A Comparative Study of Max Weber and Yu Yingshi

This paper makes a comparative study of Max Weber's The Protestant Ethic and The Spirit of Capitalism and Yu Yingshi's The Confucion Ethic and the spirit of Merchants,in order to conclude the similarities in the two ethics underlying the development of capitalism.

On Communication through the Cooperative Principle Maxims Flouted and Metaphor——Taking Rage Comic News Events as an Example

Communication is an effect way to transmit the ideas of speaker and listener. For promoting a successful communication, the Cooperative principle is founded. Then some people intentionally violate the rule for some purposes, such as expressing their true meaning in the communication. During this process, they violate those maxims with metaphor to express their ideas,thoughts, and attitudes and so on, which tries to change other people's thoughts. This way is widely used in some programs, and Rage Comic News Events is one of them, which is a good way to form a valid communication to the communicators.

The Pangs in the Story of Pangs of Love

In this paper, through the analysis of the pangs of love from David Wong Louie's Pangs of Love, which is a type of love experienced by people alienated by culture, language, and generation, by focusing on the changes happen in the Pangs in America, we will explores the causes of the pangs of love between Mrs. Pang and her sons, i.e. they both choose an opposite side to treat the alien culture. And this paper tries to seek a solution: to have a compromised way which can blend the two cultures and have open mind towards the alien culture.

Rethinking the Method and Function of Proportionality Test in the European Court of Human Rights

Strasbourg’s application of proportionality test has some unique features.Due to the Court inherent subsidiary role,it hardly transplants the formulas and criteria adopted by the German Constitutional Court or Court of Justice European Union(CJEU) in the complete sense.Consequently,the Strasbourg application of the proportionality has been depicted as a "mysterious house" for the reason that it lacks of certainty.Therefore,some scholars often worry the application of the proportionality test will threaten the predictability and the Strasbourg rule of law.Generally,the proportionality test has two internal functions for the Strasbourg judges:(1) strike fair balance between/among the competing interests;(2) testing on the reasonableness and appropriateness between the measures employed and aim pursued.In the first category,the primary task of the Court is to protect the scope of "essence" of the Convention rights from the interference of collective goods relying on the interest-based rights theory.Beyond this scope,the Court would have to balance the interests explicitly incorporated into the Convention rights as well as the external collective goods claimed by the state authorities.In some sensitive judgments,the Strasbourg Court tends to impose the onerous responsibility of "burden of proof" to the State authorities,or strategically defers to the domestic decisions unless they will be found "manifestly unreasonable".Secondly,the Court must take a scrutiny towards the appropriateness between the means employed and ends pursued,and then it has to decide whether a less intrusive alternative existed or will possibly be found or not.Sometimes,the Court might impose state authorities an obligation looking for a new alternation.However,due to subsidiarity characteristic of the Strasbourg Court,the task of the assessments sometimes is complicated and time-consuming,so the Court are not capable of evaluations in all occasions.Finally,the Court could strike down the "chilling consequence" caused by some few of the legitimate measures which may highly potentially threaten the individual rights in the National legal order.

GAUSSIAN PRINCIPLE COMPONENTS FOR NONLOCAL MEANS IMAGE DENOISING

NonLocal Means(NLM),taking fully advantage of image redundancy,has been proved to be very effective in noise removal.However,high computational load limits its wide application.Based on Principle Component Analysis(PCA),Principle Neighborhood Dictionary(PND) was proposed to reduce the computational load of NLM.Nevertheless,as the principle components in PND method are computed directly from noisy image neighborhoods,they are prone to be inaccurate due to the presence of noise.In this paper,an improved scheme for image denoising is proposed.This scheme is based on PND and uses preprocessing via Gaussian filter to eliminate the influence of noise.PCA is then used to project those filtered image neighborhood vectors onto a lower-dimensional space.With the preproc-essing process,the principle components computed are more accurate resulting in an improved de-noising performance.A comparison with some NLM based and state-of-art denoising methods shows that the proposed method performs well in terms of Peak Signal to Noise Ratio(PSNR) as well as image visual fidelity.The experimental results demonstrate that our method outperforms existing methods both subjectively and objectively.

Mean-field potential calculations of high-pressure equation of state for BeO

A systematic study of the Hugoniot equation of state, phase transition, and the other thermodynamic properties including the Hugoniot temperature, the electronic and ionic heat capacities, and the Gruneisen parameter for shockcompressed BeO, has been carried out by calculating the total free energy. The method of calculations combines first-principles treatment for 0 K and finite-T electronic contribution and the mean-field-potential approach for the vibrational contribution of the lattice ion to the total energy. Our calculated Hugoniot is in good agreement with the experimental data.

BSDES IN GAMES,COUPLED WITH THE VALUE FUNCTIONS.ASSOCIATED NONLOCAL BELLMAN-ISAACS EQUATIONS

We establish a new type of backward stochastic differential equations(BSDEs)connected with stochastic differential games(SDGs), namely, BSDEs strongly coupled with the lower and the upper value functions of SDGs, where the lower and the upper value functions are defined through this BSDE. The existence and the uniqueness theorem and comparison theorem are proved for such equations with the help of an iteration method. We also show that the lower and the upper value functions satisfy the dynamic programming principle. Moreover, we study the associated Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman-Isaacs(HJB-Isaacs)equations, which are nonlocal, and strongly coupled with the lower and the upper value functions. Using a new method, we characterize the pair(W, U) consisting of the lower and the upper value functions as the unique viscosity solution of our nonlocal HJB-Isaacs equation. Furthermore, the game has a value under the Isaacs’ condition.

一种改进的k-means文档聚类初值选择算法

提出了一种改进的基于最小最大原则的k-means文档聚类初始值选择算法。该方法首先构造相似度矩阵，然后利用最小最大原则对相似度矩阵进行分析，从而选择初始聚点并自动确定聚类k值。实验结果表明利用该方法找到的k值比较接近真实值。

一种结合有效降维和K-means聚类的协同过滤推荐模型

为了克服"维灾"所带来的问题,提出一种基于主成分分析的维数约简方法,并在转换后的低维向量空间上进行K-means聚类算法,以减少目标用户的最近邻搜索范围,代替在超高维空间上逐一寻找最近邻的过程。实验结果证明了新算法的有效性,特别在目标用户的历史评价信息较少的情况下,也能有较好的预测精度。

基于免疫遗传的K-Means聚类算法分析

聚类算法是数据挖掘中的一个重要研究领域,在所有的聚类算法中K-Means算法应用得最为广泛。针对K-Means算法容易陷入局部最优解的缺点,提出了基于免疫遗传的K-Means聚类算法来避免这个问题。理论分析和实验表明,该算法比传统的K-Means聚类有更好的效果。

融合MeanShift和改进SURF算法的目标定位策略

在工业环境中,针对工业机器人进行抓取物品操作时定位耗时长,精度低的问题,提出一种融合MeanShift算法和改进SURF算法的分层式定位策略,快速精确地定位物体。首先根据双目视觉系统采集的目标物体图片信息,采用MeanShift算法进行初步处理,切割出目标图片信息;然后利用改进后SURF算法对目标区域进行特征点对的匹配以及筛选;最后将匹配好的特征点对根据三角形测量原理,实现物体三维坐标的精确定位。实验验证了在工业机器人抓取物品时,本文所提方法对物体定位速度与精度上有所提升。

基于改进Canopy-K-means算法的并行化研究

随着互联网数据的快速增长,原始的K-means算法已经不足以应对大规模数据的聚类需求;为此,提出一种改进的Canopy-K-means聚类算法;首先面对Canopy算法中心点随机选取的不足,引入“最大最小原则”优化Canopy中心点的选取;接着借助三角不等式定理对K-means算法进行优化,减少冗余的距离计算,加快算法的收敛速度;最后结合MapReduce框架并行化实现改进的Canopy-K-means算法;基于构建的微博数据集,对优化后的Canopy-K-means算法进行测试;试验结果表明:对不同数据规模的微博数据集,优化后算法的准确率较K-means算法提高了约15%,较原始的Canopy-K-means算法提高了约7%,算法的执行效率和扩展性也有较大提升。