Four end members were inverted from surface sediment grain size data from the South Yellow Sea by using the end member(EM) model. The sediment provenance and hydrodynamic meanings of each EM were discussed based on th...Four end members were inverted from surface sediment grain size data from the South Yellow Sea by using the end member(EM) model. The sediment provenance and hydrodynamic meanings of each EM were discussed based on the frequency and spatial distributions of the EMs. EM1 and EM2 reflect the dynamic transport and sorting processes of the terrigenous sediment, and EM3 and EM4 reflect the modification of relic sand. The ocean front mainly affected transport of relatively coarse terrigenous sediment in the South Yellow Sea, and the fine terrigenous sediments were generally unaffected by the ocean front. Fine sediment could pass through the ocean front and deposit in the central South Yellow Sea under weak tidal condition to form most part of the Central Yellow Sea Mud(CYSM). The CYSM extended toward northwest and southwest. The sediment in the north part of the CYSM mainly consisted of sediment from the Yellow River(Huanghe) in the northwest, and the sediment in the southwest part of CYSM mainly consisted of Subei coastal sediments from both the Yangtze River(Changjiang) and the Yellow River. Compared to the traditional method of sediment grain size analysis, the EM model can determine the EMs and provide better explanations of the sediment provenance and dynamic regional sedimentary environment in the study area.展开更多
The science that underpins our knowledge and understanding of Isotope-Based Hydrograph separation (IHS) has gained grounds, over the last few decades, in the identification of streamflow sources. However, challenges s...The science that underpins our knowledge and understanding of Isotope-Based Hydrograph separation (IHS) has gained grounds, over the last few decades, in the identification of streamflow sources. However, challenges still exist in identifying appropriate tracers and the right combination of end-members for the IHS process. In a two-component IHS analysis, the application of the dual isotopes tracers, δ18O and (or) δ2H, is regarded as the simplest method. We undertook an IHS study within a nested system of eight Prairie watersheds located in South central Manitoba, Canada. The work evaluated about 17,000 results emanating from the application of a combination of two potential tracers (δ18O and δ2H) and eight each of potential “old” and “new” water end-members in a two-component IHS process. The outcome showed occurrences of many mathematically possible but hydrologically unacceptable IHS results. The observation was particularly predominant within relatively larger perennial sub-catchments of the watershed. It is also shown that inter-site sub-catchment isotopic end-member transferability is possible within watersheds of similar physio-hydrographic characteristics. We suggest that a careful evaluation of the physio-hydrographic characteristics of catchments be considered in IHS studies in addition to the recommended guidelines in the selection of tracers and end-members.展开更多
A continuous Permian-Triassic boundary （PTB） section has been found and studied for the first time in Xiushui, Jiangxi Province, South China. Evidence for a large sealevel fall has been found in the horizon of 0.8 m...A continuous Permian-Triassic boundary （PTB） section has been found and studied for the first time in Xiushui, Jiangxi Province, South China. Evidence for a large sealevel fall has been found in the horizon of 0.8 m below the PTB, from the beginning of Hindeodus changxingensis zone （correlatable to Hindeodus typicalis Zone of the Meishan section）. Sedimentary record indicates that the sea level kept at Iowstand, or occasionally rose slowly during the whole Hindeodus parvus zone, except another substantial sea-level fall in early H. parvus zone. It began a quick rise from the beginning of Isarcicella staeschei zone, kept rising for the whole/, staeschei zone, and probably caused the stagnation of sea water. The first severe change in the biota, marked by the sudden disappearance of all steno- tropic organisms such as fusulinids and dasycladacians, happened at the same time as the first sea-level fall, and is regarded as the first and main episode of the end-Permian mass extinction in this area. A microbe-dominated biota followed the first extinction, and spanned the late H. changxingensis zone and the whole H. parvus zone. All the microbes and some other eurytropic organisms including gastropods and ostracods disappeared at the end of the H. parvus zone, and the following biota in the/. staeschei zone is very simple. The coevality of the main sea-level fall and the main extinction episode might be causal： both of them might be caused by a drastic climatic cooling.展开更多
杭嘉湖平原位于海陆交互的长江三角洲地区,极易受到海平面升降和极端气候事件的影响,对全球环境变化十分敏感。应用非参数化粒度端元分析模型提取杭嘉湖平原ZK3岩芯沉积物的端元组分,分析其物质来源;并结合植物藻类和磁化率指标全面揭...杭嘉湖平原位于海陆交互的长江三角洲地区,极易受到海平面升降和极端气候事件的影响,对全球环境变化十分敏感。应用非参数化粒度端元分析模型提取杭嘉湖平原ZK3岩芯沉积物的端元组分,分析其物质来源;并结合植物藻类和磁化率指标全面揭示各端元组分对区域全新世气候-海平面变化响应。结果表明:(1)EM1(16.4 μm)主要为洪泛沉积物,EM2(35.3 μm)主要为湖相沉积物,EM3(58.9 μm)则为海相沉积物;(2)杭嘉湖平原8000 a BP以来的气候-海平面变化大致可分为四个阶段:约8000—6200 a BP,受东亚夏季风影响,气候温暖湿润,海平面上升并趋于稳定,区域内同时受到海洋和陆源输入影响,发育海陆过渡相沉积;约6200—4800 a BP,气候趋于干凉化,陆地面积扩大,沉积环境转变为河流为主的洪泛沉积;至4800—3100 a BP,气候回暖,海平面略有回升,发育为湖相沉积;3100—140 a BP,气候趋冷干化,海平面下降,广泛发育为泛滥平原沉积环境。展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.41130856&41206053)the National Key Basic Research Program of China(Grant No.2010CB428901)
文摘Four end members were inverted from surface sediment grain size data from the South Yellow Sea by using the end member(EM) model. The sediment provenance and hydrodynamic meanings of each EM were discussed based on the frequency and spatial distributions of the EMs. EM1 and EM2 reflect the dynamic transport and sorting processes of the terrigenous sediment, and EM3 and EM4 reflect the modification of relic sand. The ocean front mainly affected transport of relatively coarse terrigenous sediment in the South Yellow Sea, and the fine terrigenous sediments were generally unaffected by the ocean front. Fine sediment could pass through the ocean front and deposit in the central South Yellow Sea under weak tidal condition to form most part of the Central Yellow Sea Mud(CYSM). The CYSM extended toward northwest and southwest. The sediment in the north part of the CYSM mainly consisted of sediment from the Yellow River(Huanghe) in the northwest, and the sediment in the southwest part of CYSM mainly consisted of Subei coastal sediments from both the Yangtze River(Changjiang) and the Yellow River. Compared to the traditional method of sediment grain size analysis, the EM model can determine the EMs and provide better explanations of the sediment provenance and dynamic regional sedimentary environment in the study area.
文摘The science that underpins our knowledge and understanding of Isotope-Based Hydrograph separation (IHS) has gained grounds, over the last few decades, in the identification of streamflow sources. However, challenges still exist in identifying appropriate tracers and the right combination of end-members for the IHS process. In a two-component IHS analysis, the application of the dual isotopes tracers, δ18O and (or) δ2H, is regarded as the simplest method. We undertook an IHS study within a nested system of eight Prairie watersheds located in South central Manitoba, Canada. The work evaluated about 17,000 results emanating from the application of a combination of two potential tracers (δ18O and δ2H) and eight each of potential “old” and “new” water end-members in a two-component IHS process. The outcome showed occurrences of many mathematically possible but hydrologically unacceptable IHS results. The observation was particularly predominant within relatively larger perennial sub-catchments of the watershed. It is also shown that inter-site sub-catchment isotopic end-member transferability is possible within watersheds of similar physio-hydrographic characteristics. We suggest that a careful evaluation of the physio-hydrographic characteristics of catchments be considered in IHS studies in addition to the recommended guidelines in the selection of tracers and end-members.
基金supported by the National Natural Scientific Foundation of China (Nos. 40472015 and 40802001)the State Key Laboratory of Modern Paleontology and Stratigraphy (No. 083113)+1 种基金the postdoctoral funds of China (No. 20070420523)the State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources (GPMR200701)
文摘A continuous Permian-Triassic boundary （PTB） section has been found and studied for the first time in Xiushui, Jiangxi Province, South China. Evidence for a large sealevel fall has been found in the horizon of 0.8 m below the PTB, from the beginning of Hindeodus changxingensis zone （correlatable to Hindeodus typicalis Zone of the Meishan section）. Sedimentary record indicates that the sea level kept at Iowstand, or occasionally rose slowly during the whole Hindeodus parvus zone, except another substantial sea-level fall in early H. parvus zone. It began a quick rise from the beginning of Isarcicella staeschei zone, kept rising for the whole/, staeschei zone, and probably caused the stagnation of sea water. The first severe change in the biota, marked by the sudden disappearance of all steno- tropic organisms such as fusulinids and dasycladacians, happened at the same time as the first sea-level fall, and is regarded as the first and main episode of the end-Permian mass extinction in this area. A microbe-dominated biota followed the first extinction, and spanned the late H. changxingensis zone and the whole H. parvus zone. All the microbes and some other eurytropic organisms including gastropods and ostracods disappeared at the end of the H. parvus zone, and the following biota in the/. staeschei zone is very simple. The coevality of the main sea-level fall and the main extinction episode might be causal： both of them might be caused by a drastic climatic cooling.
文摘杭嘉湖平原位于海陆交互的长江三角洲地区,极易受到海平面升降和极端气候事件的影响,对全球环境变化十分敏感。应用非参数化粒度端元分析模型提取杭嘉湖平原ZK3岩芯沉积物的端元组分,分析其物质来源;并结合植物藻类和磁化率指标全面揭示各端元组分对区域全新世气候-海平面变化响应。结果表明:(1)EM1(16.4 μm)主要为洪泛沉积物,EM2(35.3 μm)主要为湖相沉积物,EM3(58.9 μm)则为海相沉积物;(2)杭嘉湖平原8000 a BP以来的气候-海平面变化大致可分为四个阶段:约8000—6200 a BP,受东亚夏季风影响,气候温暖湿润,海平面上升并趋于稳定,区域内同时受到海洋和陆源输入影响,发育海陆过渡相沉积;约6200—4800 a BP,气候趋于干凉化,陆地面积扩大,沉积环境转变为河流为主的洪泛沉积;至4800—3100 a BP,气候回暖,海平面略有回升,发育为湖相沉积;3100—140 a BP,气候趋冷干化,海平面下降,广泛发育为泛滥平原沉积环境。
文摘在江西修水四都镇东岭村发现了一个连续的、出露完好的二叠纪-三叠纪界线地层剖面。在剖面中有一段厚约2.1m 的地层具有指示海平面下降的岩石组构。这段地层的底部为红色的碳酸盐颗粒岩。红色是颗粒表面的红色铁染,成分为褐铁矿,是出露地表风化形成的。这层红色颗粒岩之上有约2.0 m 的去白云石化灰岩,其中保留了原来粉晶白云石的晶形。去白云石化作用是白云岩受淡水影响而发生的,指示海平面下降事件。这段地层之上是厚1m 的颗粒岩和灰泥岩,代表浅水潮下环境。其上是二叠系-三叠系的界线。这段地层之下的地层中生物丰富多样,并且有复(蜒)、钙藻等大绝灭前的生物。这段地层及其以上的地层中生物种类很少,(蜓)、钙藻等已经消失,表明集群绝灭事件开始于这段地层之下,生物大绝灭的发生与海平面下降事件的发生是基本同时的。由此认为,可能是海平面下降有关的环境剧变事件引发了二叠纪末的集群绝灭事件。
