Cystic Lymphangioma on the Floor of the Oral Cavity Extending to the Submandibular Region in Adult Patients

Lymphatic malformation (ML), formerly called cystic lymphangioma is a benign hamartomatous tumor of lymphatic vessels. The onset of lymphangiomas is either at birth (60% to 70%) or up to two years of age (90%) and rare in adults. These malformations can occur in any region of the body, Lymphangiomas have marked predilection for the head and neck region (50% - 70%). The most common location in the mouth is the dorsum of tongue. If the positive diagnosis is generally easy, the therapeutic management remains controversial. We report the clinical case of a 23-year-old adult patient with cystic lymphangioma on the floor of the oral cavity extending gradually to the right submandibular region. The clinically suspected tumor was thoroughly explored using tomodensitometry. The treatment consisted of complete resection by a cervicotomy with histological examination confirming the macroscopic diagnosis of cystic lymphangioma. Follow-up at 3 years showed no recurrence.

Knowledge and the Attitude on the Use of Mouthwash among Two Selected Senior High Schools in Kumasi

BACKGROUND: The route of most systemic diseases begins in the oral cavity. Oral health knowledge of mouthwashes and their uses is indispensable for the general population and especially adolescents. The use of mouthwash by adolescents can be a beneficial adjunct to their oral hygiene routine, providing additional protection against dental diseases and promoting fresher breath. Overuse or misuse of mouthwash, particularly those containing alcohol or other potentially irritating ingredients, may lead to adverse effects such as oral mucosal irritation, dry mouth, or alteration of the oral microbiome. OBJECTIVES: To determine the knowledge, attitude, and use of mouthwash among senior high school students in Kumasi. METHODOLOGY: 120 students responded to a standard questionnaire by a convenient sample technique. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) 22.0 and MS Excel were used for data management and analysis. The results of the study were presented using tables, bar charts, and pie chart. RESULTS: The ages of the respondents ranged from 14 to 20 years. Out of the 120 participants, 71 students that represent 59.2% of the total, used mouthwash. Majority of the participants (63%) utilized a mouthwash after brushing their teeth. 49% of the participants reported using mouthwash to address halitosis, 37% used it to combat periodontal disease, and 10% used it for relief from a sore throat. CONCLUSION: In general, most of the participants who use mouthwash had excellent knowledge and a positive attitude toward the use of mouthwash.

Helicobacter pylori colonization of the oral cavity:Amilestone discovery

Over the past several years, the severity of Helicobacter pylori(H. pylori) infections has not significantly diminished. After successful eradication, the annual H. pylori recurrence rate is approximately 13% due tooral H. pylori infection. Established clinical diagnostic techniques do not identify an oral etiologic basis of H. pylori prior to gastric infection. There has been disagreement as to whether oral infection of H. pylori exists or not, with no definite conclusion. In medical practice, negative results with the urea breath test suggest that the stomach infection of H. pylori is cured in these patients. In fact, patients can present negative urea breath test results and yet exhibit H. pylori infection due to oral infection. The present paper provides evidence that H. pylori oral infection is nonetheless present, and the oral cavity represents a secondary site for H. pylori colonization.

Levels of biological markers of nitric oxide in serum of patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity

The aim of the study was a determination of the levels of nitric oxide（NO）and its biological markers such as malonyldialdehyde（MDA）and nitrotyrosine in the serum of patients with squamous cell carcinoma（SCC）of the oral cavity and identification of the relationships between NO and those markers.These studies were performed on patients with SCC of the oral cavity before and after treatment.Griess reaction was used for the estimation of the total concentration of NO in serum.The nitrotyrosine level in serum was assessed with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay（ELISA）kit,and MDA level using a spectrophotometric assay.Higher concentrations of NO in blood serum were determined in patients with stage IV of the disease before treatment in comparison to the control group and patients with stages II and III of the disease.Moreover,higher concentrations of MDA and nitrotyrosine were determined in the serum of patients in all stages of the disease in comparison to healthy people.After treatment,lower concentrations of NO in the serum of patients with stage IV of the disease were observed in comparison to the amounts obtained prior to treatment.In addition,lower levels of nitrotyrosine in the serum of patients with all stages of the disease were recorded,whereas higher concentrations of MDA were determined in these patients in comparison to results obtained before treatment.The compounds formed with the contribution of NO,such as MDA and nitrotyrosine,may lead to cancer progression in patients with SCC of the oral cavity,and contribute to formation of resistance to therapy in these patients as well.Moreover,the lack of a relationship between concentrations of NO and MDA,and between NO and nitrotyrosine in serum suggests that the process of lipid peroxidation and nitration in patients with SCC does not just depend on NO.

Spindle Cell Lipoma of the Oral Cavity: A Clinico-Pathologic Analysis of 35 Reported Cases

Spindle-cell lipoma (SCL) is a variant of lipoma, usually presenting in the neck or trunk. SCL of the oral cavity is rare. Some cases of oral SCL have been reported;however, the clinico-pathologic characteristics of oral SCL are still unknown. Here we report on 2 cases and review 33 cases of oral SCL published in the literature. The patients were 23 men and 12 women, with a mean age of 55 years (range 23 - 88 years);there were no children. Tumor sites included: tongue (n = 13), cheek/buccal mucosa (n = 11), floor of mouth (n = 5), lip (n = 2), hard palate (n = 2), alveolar ridge (n = 1), and maxilla (n = 1). The mean tumor size was 20.87 mm (range 3 - 50 mm), smaller than extra-oral lesions. Thirty-three patients (94%) presented with a single lesion that was circumscribed and composed of mature adipocytes admixed with bland spindle cells. The spindle cells were strongly immunoreactive for CD34, whereas the adipocytes were negative. The main differential diagnosis is atypical lipoma/well-differentiated liposarcoma. All lesions underwent local excision and recurrences are rare. Oral SCL do not seem to differ from their extra-oral counterpart, which are much more common and larger in size. SCL should be included in the differential diagnosis of oral cavity mesenchymal tumors.

Impact of different types of herpesviral infections in the oral cavity

The herpesviruses are ubiquitous, doubled-strandedDNA viruses that can reactivate under conditions such as immunosuppressive therapy, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, malnutrition, and immunosenescence. There are eight types of herpesviruses: Human herpesvirus simplex(HSV) type I(HSV-1) and HSV type II(HSV-2), varicella-zoster virus(VZV), epstein-Barr virus(EBV), cytomegalovirus, human herpesvirus(HHV)-6, HHV-7, and HHV-8 or Kaposi's sarcoma herpesvirus. Some of these viruses can infect the oral cavity, leading to different types of lesions. Specifically, labial herpes(HSV-1 and less frequently HSV-2), zoster(VZV), infectious mononucleosis and oral hairy leukoplakia(EBV), and Kaposi's Sarcoma(HHV-8) are the most common viruses infecting the oral cavity. Some of these viruses can act in synergy with other herpesviruses or as distinct infectious agents. Other herpesviruses may have indirect effects in periodontal disease. The diagnosis is frequently based on signs and symptoms and depends on the experience of the examiner. Cytopathologic and/or histopathologic examination as well as immunological methods such as ELISA could help to elucidate cases. In addition, molecular techniques which can be sensitive and specific have been reported in the literature. These methods require low amounts of sample and could offer results faster than other traditional methods.

Sphk1 Expression and Survival Outcomes in Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Oral Cavity

Sphingosine kinase 1 (SphK1) is an important mediator of apoptosis and the proliferation of cancer cells. It is upregulated in cells showing increasing radioresistance. Here we present the correlation between SphK1 expression and survival outcomes in patients with carcinoma of the oral cavity. A retrospective chart review was performed between January 2009 and August 2010 at the University of Southern California. Patients diagnosed with an advanced-stage primary tumor restricted to the oral cavity and a minimum follow-up of two years were included. Patients who did not receive post-operative radiation therapy were excluded. Eighteen patients met the inclusion criteria with 10 (55.6%) patients demonstrating high expression of SphK1 and 8 (44.4%) patients demonstrating a low-to-moderate expression of SphK1. Tumor recurrence occurred in 9 patients (50.0%): 5 patients (27.8%) in the SphK1high cohort at a mean time to progression of 2.5 mo and 4 patients (22.2%) in the SphK1low cohort at a mean time to progression of 11.0 mo (p = 0.023). Death occurred in 8 patients (66.7%) in the SphK1high cohort and 3 patients (16.7%) in the SphK1low cohort (p = 0.036). Higher expression of SphK1 correlates with greater radioresistance and poorer survival outcomes in patients with HNSCC of the oral cavity.

The State of the Oral Cavity of Adolescents Who Spend More than 3 Hours at the Computer

A significant increase in dental diseases in adolescents who spend a long time at the computer, according to modern concepts, is mediated by the electromagnetic field of the computer, the impact of which has not been fully studied. The paper presents data from a comparative study of the dental status of the oral cavity and the state of periodontal tissues in adolescents aged 18 to 15 who spend more than 5 (target group of 55 adolescents) and less than 5 hours (control group of 20 adolescents) at the computer. The selection of the contingent was carried out randomly. According to the dental characteristics of the oral cavity, the number of dental plaque was assessed according to the simplified Turkish OHI-S hygiene index, in the modification Hi Fedorov-Volotkina, the severity of inflammatory and destructive changes in periodontal tissues according to the Pi index (Russell), and their prevalence according to the Papillary-Marginal-Alveolar index PMA in Parma modification. The conducted comparative study showed that in adolescents who worked 8 - 12 hours at the computer, periodontal changes occur much more often and are more pronounced than in adolescents who worked less than 5 hours. In addition, the neurohormonal parameters of the saliva of adolescents who are at the computer for less than 5 hours practically do not change, but in adults who work longer than 8 hours the saliva data in the mouth changes while.

Melanoma of the Oral Cavity: About Two Cases and Review of Literature

Mucosal malignant melanoma of the oral cavity is an extremely rare condition. It has a poor prognosis. Here we report two typical cases of malignant melanoma. In the first case, 64 years old man developed an exophytic tumor in the hard palate. Head and neck and chest computerized tomography scan showed a large aggressive tumor of the hard palate. The patient also had multiple lung metastases and a cervical lymph node. The second case is a 73 years old woman presenting a burgeoning mass on the right palate. Facial CT reveals a malignant tumor lateralized in the right palate with ipsilateral metastatic lymph nodes. Histological with immunohistochemical studies assigned both cases to a malignant melanoma. Due to the rarity of oral malignant melanomas, case reports are a necessary source of information.

Delayed pseudoaneurysm formation of the carotid artery following the oral cavity injury in a child:A case report

BACKGROUND An impalement injury of the oral cavity is a common traumatic injury in children.In most cases,it is not accompanied by sequelae,but if foreign body residues are not found due to a minor injury,they may result in inflammatory responses and delayed vascular injuries in the surrounding tissues.Without early diagnosis and appropriate initial management,residual foreign bodies can cause serious complications and even mortality in some cases.CASE SUMMARY A 9-year-old boy suffered an intra-oral injury by a wooden chopstick,and the patient was discharged from the hospital after receiving conservative treatment for the injury.However,the patient was readmitted to the hospital due to intraoral bleeding,and since neck hematoma and right internal carotid artery pseudoaneurysm formation were detected on computed tomography,emergency surgery was performed.A remnant fragment of a wooden chopstick was found during the operation,and a delayed rupture of the internal carotid artery caused by the foreign body was also found.CONCLUSION The failure of early detection and diagnosis of a residual foreign body may result in delayed vascular rupture.

Application of Midline Catheter in Patients with Oral Cavity Malignancies during Perioperative Period

Objective: The study aims to compare the application value of midline catheter and indwelling needle in patients with oral cavity malignancies during perioperative period. Methods: 146 patients with oral cavity malignancies admitted to our hospital from January 2019 to July 2021 were selected as the research subjects. 73 patients treated with midline catheters during the treatment were the experimental group, and another 73 patients were treated with indwelling needles as the control group. The indwelling time, total number of puncturing times, and incidence of adverse reactions of two catheterization methods were compared between the two groups. Meanwhile, each patient was investigated for treatment satisfaction. Result: The indwelling time was significantly longer in the experimental group than in the control group (P < 0.0001), and the total number of puncturing times in the experimental group was significantly lower than that in the control group (P < 0.0001). The incidence of adverse reactions in the experimental group (χ2 = 4.960, P = 0.0259) was significantly lower than that in the control group in terms of catheter occlusion (χ2 = 12.56, P = 0.0004), catheter detachment (χ2 = 8.46, P = 0.0036), drug extravasation (χ2 = 3.27, P = 0.0011), phlebitis (χ2 = 3.62, P = 0.0003), and bleeding from the puncture point (χ2 = 14.98, P = 0.0001). The satisfaction rate (χ2 = 33.45, P < 0.0001) and fundamental satisfaction rate (χ2 = 16.57, P < 0.0001) in the experimental group were significantly higher than those in the control group, while the dissatisfaction rate was significantly lower than that in the control group (χ2 = 11.38, P = 0.0007). The difference is statistically significant. Conclusion: Compared with indwelling needle, the application of midline catheters in patients with oral cavity malignancies during perioperative period can effectively reduce the number of puncturing times and the incidence of catheter-related adverse reactions, with a high satisfaction rate, which is worthy of clinical promotion and application.

An Overview of the Use of Medicinal Plants in Regenerative Dentistry

Aim: The oral cavity has the particularity to host multiple hard and soft tissues, in this paper, we will discuss the current therapies that lead to cell differentiation by regenerative therapies and the future alternatives proposed by medicinal plants and all the regenerative potential of these different tissues. Material and Methods: A detailed review of the literature through the various search engines: Scopus, PubMed, google scholar, Cochrane, etc., uses the selected keywords to explore the effect of the regenerative potential of several medicinal plants. Results: Through our research, we have proceeded to sort different medicinal plants, according to their repairing and regenerative potential on the different tissues of the oral cavity. Conclusion: Future studies are conceivable to explore the opportunities and potential provided by medicinal plants in the field of regenerative dentistry.

Reviews of Research on the Relationship between Oral Helicobacter pylori and H. pylori Infection

Helicobacter pylori is one of the most common pathogens among humans, and it is also closely related to stomach diseases. Spread of its diseases must be understood to properly control H. pylori. Oral H. pylori may also play an important role in the spread of the bacterium. This study provides an overview on the role of oral H. pylori in spread, diagnosis,and prevention of this organism. The present work also determines difficulties encountered in current studies and progress of research on the relationship between oral H. pylori and oral diseases.

Spindle cell lipoma of the mandibular mucogingival junction: a case report of unusual oral neoplasm

Spindle cell lipoma（SCL） is a benign lipomatous neoplasm typically located in the posterior neck and back of older males. It presents as a well-circumscribed mass in the buccal mucosa, tongue, floor of the mouth or hard palate. There are only two case reports of SCL in the gingiva and alveolar ridge. Here, we report a case of SCL in the mandibular mucogingival junction of a 68-year-old male. Clinical,histopathological and immunohistochemical findings are presented. Although oral SCL is rare, it should be considered in the differential diagnosis of spindle cell neoplasms occurring in the oral cavity.

Study on the Distribution at Species Level of Genus Candida in Human Oral Cavities, Using Culture and Multiplex PCR Methods

Purpose: Although the genus Candida is frequently isolated from human oral cavities, the distribution at the species level of these organisms has been little reported. The purpose of the present study was to assess the distribution at the species level of the genus Candida in human oral cavities. Methods: This study was performed using culture and Multiplex PCR methods. Moreover, the genotyping classification of C. albicans was analyzed with a PCR. Results: Of all subjects (n = 90), detection frequency of genus Candida was 42.2%. Genus Candida was not detected in the subjects between 0 to 9 years old, and there was no difference in the detection frequencies of this organism among each generation from 10s to 80s. C. albicans was the most dominant species, followed by C. parapsilosis, C. glabrata, and C. dubliniensis. Plural Candida species tended not to be detected in the individual sample. Genotype A was dominant in the C. albicans isolates. Conclusion: These results indicated that C. albicans of genotype A was dominant and that the genus Candida rarely coexists with other Candida species, in each individual oral cavity.

A Real-Time Oral Cavity Gesture Based Words Synthesizer Using Sensors

The present system experimentally demonstrates a synthesis of syllables and words from tongue manoeuvers in multiple languages,captured by four oral sensors only.For an experimental demonstration of the system used in the oral cavity,a prototype tooth model was used.Based on the principle developed in a previous publication by the author(s),the proposed system has been implemented using the oral cavity(tongue,teeth,and lips)features alone,without the glottis and the larynx.The positions of the sensors in the proposed system were optimized based on articulatory(oral cavity)gestures estimated by simulating the mechanism of human speech.The system has been tested for all English alphabets and several words with sensor-based input along with an experimental demonstration of the developed algorithm,with limit switches,potentiometer,and flex sensors emulating the tongue in an artificial oral cavity.The system produces the sounds of vowels,consonants,and words in English,along with the pronunciation of meanings of their translations in four major Indian languages,all from oral cavity mapping.The experimental setup also caters to gender mapping of voice.The sound produced from the hardware has been validated by a perceptual test to verify the gender and word of the speech sample by listeners,with∼98%and∼95%accuracy,respectively.Such a model may be useful to interpret speech for those who are speech-disabled because of accidents,neuron disorder,spinal cord injury,or larynx disorder.

Primary Neuroendocrine Carcinoma Combined with Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Soft Palate: A Case Report and Review of Literature

Background: Neuroendocrine carcinomas (NECs) are rare neoplasms that widely occur in various organs. They are heterogeneous and vary from low to high grade malignant. NEC presenting with a squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) component is referred to as a composite tumor. Thus far, few cases of this composite tumor in the oral cavity have been reported in the literature;thus, the histogenesis remains unclear. ase Presentation: We encountered a rare case of a primary NEC combined with SCC, occurring at the soft palate in a 59-year-old man. A resected specimen of the tumor was composed of two components: NEC and SCC. The NEC area contained small round to oval atypical cells arranged in nests with a glandular-like-pattern, hyperchromatic molded nuclei, a high nuclear-to-cytoplasmic ratio, and a scant eosinophilic cytoplasm. The SCC area was composed of non-keratotic, dysplastic oval to spindle-shaped squamous cells with indistinct cell borders and large nuclei that were hyperchromatic and pleomorphic. Immunohistochemically, the tumor cells of the NEC component were positive for chromagranin A, synaptophysin, CD56, and p16, whereas those of the SCC component were positive for 34βE12, p63, and p16. Conclusion: In consideration of the morphological and immunohistochemical results, the final diagnosis was a primary NEC combined with SCC of the soft palate.

Bat 26 Microsatellite Instability in Oral Cavity Cancers in Senegal

Oral cavity cancers are part of head and neck cancers. They have become frequent in the world in general and Senegal in particular. This study evaluates microsatellite instability tumors in oral cavity cancers in Senegal. Forty cancerous tissues, 20 healthy tissues, and 12 blood tissues were included in this study. These tissues were collected from each patient during the biopsy after obtaining consent. DNA extraction, Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and sequencing were carried out to obtain sequences. Mutation surveyor, Bioedit and Dnasp software were used to perform our analyses. High instability was found in 57.5% of patients with cancer. Moreover, 90% of the patients had the same motif on healthy and cancerous tissue. Furthermore, 26.12%, 20.72%, and 11.71% polymorphic sites were found in cancerous, healthy and blood tissue respectively. Thus, a similarity between cancerous and healthy tissues seems to exist. This implies that instability of the Bat 26 microsatellite could occur early in the occurrence of oral cavity cancers.