Mapping the Research Landscape of Language Development in Autistic Children: A Preliminary Scientometric Analysis

Children with autism spectrum disorder(ASD)often encounter difficulties in language learning and utilization,a concern that has gained significant academic attention,particularly given the widespread occurrence of ASD globally.Previous reviews,however,have relied on empirical observations rather than a more rigorous selection criterion.This preliminary study seeks to systematize the scientific knowledge base regarding language development in autistic children by utilizing the analysis tool Citespace 6.2.R5.We visualized and analyzed research patterns and trends regarding autism by drawing data from the Web of Science.Through document citation and emerging trend analyses,seven key research clusters and their chronological associations are identified,along with research hotspots such as language disorder diagnosis and intervention,social communication,language acquisition,and multilingual and multicultural influences.Research findings show that there exist some issues with the current research,including small sample sizes,the need for further investigation into receptive language development,and a lack of cross-cultural comparative studies.Meanwhile,the scope and depth of interdisciplinary research on language development in autistic children also need to be further enhanced.The research contributes to the extant literature by providing valuable references for autism researchers and practitioners.

Study of the Effects of Glucocorticoid on Growth and Adult Final Height in Children with Primary Nephrotic Syndrome

Objective: To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of growth, as well as factors associated with growth retardation in children with primary nephrotic syndrome (PNS), and to investigate the effect of glucocorticoid (GC) use duration on growth retardation in these children. Methods: Clinical and laboratory data of 353 PNS children treated at our hospital from July 2014 to June 2015 were collected through the medical record management system. Height, weight, and GC usage were recorded. Follow-up assessments were conducted in August 2022 for the original group, recording height, weight, and GC usage. Height and weight were evaluated using standard deviation scores (SDS). Categorical data were analyzed using chi-square test while continuous measurement data were analyzed using t-test or rank-sum test. Linear regression was used to assess the association between two single independent variables, and logistic regression analysis was used to screen for risk factors related to growth retardation in children with PNS. Results: Among the 353 PNS children enrolled in this study, male-to-female ratio of 2.64:1 (256 males vs 97 females). A total of 119 children exhibited growth retardation, incidence rate of 33.71%. The duration of GC usage among those with growth retardation was significantly longer compared to those without it (762.81 ± 934.50 days vs 263.77 ± 420.49 days;p Conclusion: PNS children treated with GC have a high incidence of growth retardation, and a high proportion of short stature in adulthood, especially in children with growth retardation in childhood, most of them have short stature after grown up. Time of GC usage is a risk factor for growth retardation in children with PNS.

The Market Development of Children’s Go Training and the Difficulty and Countermeasure Analysis of Go Training

The children’s Go training market is experiencing vigorous growth but also faces several challenges.As the importance of Go in cultural education increases,the market expands,with growing demand and involvement from training and educational institutions.However,the market encounters difficulties such as a shortage of high-quality Go coaches,uniformity in training content and methods,and high training costs.To address these issues,measures can be taken to strengthen the team of Go coaches,diversify training content and methods,and optimize the training cost structure,thereby promoting the healthy development of the children’s Go training market.

Delineation of urban growth boundary based on FLUS model under the perspective of land use evaluation in hilly mountainous areas

With rapid economic development,the size of urban land in China is expanding dramatically.The Urban Growth Boundary(UGB)is an expandable spatial boundary for urban construction in a certain period in order to control the urban sprawl.Reasonable delineation of UGB can inhibit the disorderly spread of urban space and guide the normal development of the city.It is of practical significance for the construction of green urban space.The study utilizes GIS technology to establish a land construction suitability evaluation system for Nankang city,which is experiencing rapid urban expansion,and outlines the preliminary UGB under the future land use simulation(FLUS)model.At the same time,considering the coupled coordination of"Production-Living-Ecological Space",and based on the suitability evaluation,we revised the preliminary UGB by combining the advantages of the patch-generating land use simulation(PLUS)model and the convex hull model to delineate the final UGB.The results show that:1)the comprehensive score of the evaluation of the suitability of the construction of land from high to low shows the distribution of the center of the city to the surrounding circle type spread,the center of the city has the highest suitability score.The results of convex hull model show that the urban expansion type of Nankang is epitaxial.In the future,the urban expansion will mainly occur in the northern part of the city.The PLUS model predicts an increase of 3359.97 hm^(2)of construction land in Nankang by 2035,of which 2022.97 hm^(2)is urban construction land.2)The FLUS model has a prediction accuracy of 86.3%and delineates a preliminary UGB area of 9215.07 hm^(2).3)We used the results of the construction suitability evaluation,PLUS model simulation results,and convex hull model predictions to revise the originally delineated UGB.The final delineated UGB area is 8895.67 hm^(2)and it is capable of meeting the future development of the study area.The results of the delineation can promote sustainable urban development,and the delineation methodology can provide a reference basis for the preparation of territorial spatial planning.

The Impact of Lead Stress on Growth and Development of Two Varieties of Wheat

[Objective] This study was to explore the impact of lead stress on growth of wheat.[Method]Taking two wheat varieties Ningchun No.13 and Ningchun No.4 as experimental materials,the growth and development of wheat under the stress of different concentration of stress was studied using potting method.[Result]With the increase of externally applied Pb,the plant height of two wheat varieties tested assumed a falling trend.When stressed by low concentration of Pb（lower than 200 mg/kg）,the fresh weight and dry weight of both varieties rose with the increase of Pb concentration;however,once exceeded 200 mg/kg,they totally showed a decline trend.Under a same fertilization level,root-stalk ratios of Pb-stressed-plants of two varieties were lower than that normally grown,of two varieties Ningchun No.13 performed better than Ningchun No.4.Higher concentration of Pb（200-800 mg/kg）severely blocked the physiological-chemical activity of both wheat varieties,which hindered the accumulation of N,P and K.[Conclusion]Our results provided theoretical basis for taking reasonable cultivation countermeasures for the Pb-polluted paddy field.

Transcriptomic and epigenomic landscapes of muscle growth during the postnatal period of broilers

Background Broilers stand out as one of the fastest-growing livestock globally,making a substantial contribution to animal meat production.However,the molecular and epigenetic mechanisms underlying the rapid growth and development of broiler chickens are still unclear.This study aims to explore muscle development patterns and regulatory networks during the postnatal rapid growth phase of fast-growing broilers.We measured the growth performance of Cornish(CC)and White Plymouth Rock(RR)over a 42-d period.Pectoral muscle samples from both CC and RR were randomly collected at day 21 after hatching(D21)and D42 for RNA-seq and ATAC-seq library construction.Results The consistent increase in body weight and pectoral muscle weight across both breeds was observed as they matured,with CC outpacing RR in terms of weight at each stage of development.Differential expression analysis identified 398 and 1,129 genes in the two dimensions of breeds and ages,respectively.A total of 75,149 ATAC-seq peaks were annotated in promoter,exon,intron and intergenic regions,with a higher number of peaks in the promoter and intronic regions.The age-biased genes and breed-biased genes of RNA-seq were combined with the ATAC-seq data for subsequent analysis.The results spotlighted the upregulation of ACTC1 and FDPS at D21,which were primarily associated with muscle structure development by gene cluster enrichment.Additionally,a noteworthy upregulation of MUSTN1,FOS and TGFB3 was spotted in broiler chickens at D42,which were involved in cell differentiation and muscle regeneration after injury,suggesting a regulatory role of muscle growth and repair.Conclusions This work provided a regulatory network of postnatal broiler chickens and revealed ACTC1 and MUSTN1 as the key responsible for muscle development and regeneration.Our findings highlight that rapid growth in broiler chickens triggers ongoing muscle damage and subsequent regeneration.These findings provide a foundation for future research to investigate the functional aspects of muscle development.

Effects of Microbial Fermented Feed on Growth and Development of Farmed Crayfish

Microbial fermented feed possesses a natural fermentation flavor and exhibits good palatability.It is not only easily digestible and absorbable by livestock but also non-toxic.Additionally,it has the capacity to inhibit the proliferation of pathogenic bacteria,facilitate the growth and development of animals,and enhance their immune response,disease resistance,and overall production performance.This paper summarizes the selection of common feed materials and microbial strains used in fermented feed,as well as their effects on the growth performance,muscle quality,antioxidant capacity,and immune function of crayfish.The aim of this study is to provide a reference for the further popularization and application ofmicrobialfermented feed in crayfishaquaculture.

Effects of Water-retaining Agents on Growth, Development, Yield and Quality of Soybean under Drought Stress

[Objectives]The paper was to explore the effects of different doses of water-retaining agent on the growth and development indicators,yield and quality of soybean plants subjected to drought stress.[Methods]The effects of drought stress(MDS)and drought stress with low(MDS-L),medium(MDS-M)and high doses(MDS-H)of the water-retaining agent on the growth and development indicators,root activity,MDA content,antioxidant enzyme activity,yield and quality of soybean were studied by field plot test,with the normal water supply serving as the control(CK).[Results]In response to drought stress,the plant height,stem diameter,and yield of soybean exhibited a notable decline.Additionally,the contents of protein,fat,linoleic acid,and linolenic acid in seeds demonstrated a significant reduction.Conversely,the root activity and antioxidant enzyme activity exhibited a noticeable decline,while the MDA content exhibited an increase.The application of varying doses of the water-retaining agent was found to significantly enhance soybean growth,stimulate root activity,and elevate antioxidant enzyme activity,while concurrently reducing MDA content.The observed effects were found to be dose-dependent,with the greatest effects observed at the highest dose.In comparison to MDS,the yields of soybean in the MDS-L,MDS-M,and MDS-H treatments exhibited a 18.38%,25.58%,and 46.26%increase,respectively.Additionally,the content of protein,fat,linoleic acid,and linolenic acid in seeds demonstrated a notable enhancement.[Conclusions]The application of the water-retaining agent has been demonstrated to significantly promote the growth of soybean plants under conditions of drought stress,resulting in an improvement in both the yield and the quality of the soybean crop.The recommended dosage of the water-retaining agent is 3.3 kg/667 m 2.

Studies on hybridization effects of different geographic populations of Chlamys farreri Ⅱ.The medium-term growth and development of Chlamys farreri populations from China and Russia and their reciprocal crosses

Based on the research of juvenile (2, 3, 4 months) growth and survival of three populations of two different geographic areas in Chlamys farreri from Russian and China and their F1 hybrids derived from Chinese cultural population (CC) (?) × Russian population (RW) (?) , Chinese wild population (CW) (?) × Russian population (RW) (?), Russian population (RW) (?) × Chinese wild population (CW) (?) , the study of the medium-term (6, 8, 10, 12 months) growth and development of Chlamys farreri was carried out. The four determined results indicated that there existed different extent heterosis (3% -52%) for the growth in three types of F1 hybrids, and the offspring derived from CC(?) ×R(?) had a stronger heterosis among the crosses at the medium-term; the uptrend among traits are wet weight >shell width>shell length> shell height, Chinese cultural population could be recognized as excellent parent, and seasonal variations influence very much on the daily increment and growth rate of each trait of Chlamys farreri and it is only able to survive and could barely grow in winter (6-8 months), but grows fast in temperate season (10-12 months).

Axial length/corneal radius of curvature ratio and refractive development evaluation in 3-to 4-year-old children: the Shanghai Pudong Eye Study

AIM: To measure and analysis axial length(AL)/corneal radius of curvature(CRC) ratio and other refractive parameters, provide a medical reference range for refractive development evaluation and earlier visual impairment screening of 3 to 4 y kindergarten students.METHODS: Between April and June 2017, a total of 4350 participants aged 3-to 4-year-old(8700 eyes) from 10 cluster random sampling kindergartens in Shanghai, Pudong District were involved. According to the measurement and analysis of the unaided visual acuity(VA), AL, CRC, AL/CRC ratio, astigmatism and other refractive parameters, the data distribution and reference range were obtained.RESULTS: Uncorrected VA of examined children was 0.23±0.08(logMAR, mean±SD) [95% confidence interval(CI) range ≤0.36];AL was 22.10±0.79 mm(95%CI 20.55-23.65);CRC was 7.86±0.26 mm(95%CI, 7.35-8.37);AL/CRC ratio was 2.81±0.12(95%CI, 2.57-3.05). The median of astigmatism was-0.5 D, a total of 56.3% had astigmatism <-0.50 D, 85.3%<-1.00 D, 6.7%>-1.50 D;71% were astigmatism with the rule. Eye-specific analyses were conducted. Statistical difference of VA was in right and left eyes. There were no significant differences between two eyes of AL, CRC, AL/CRC ratio and astigmatism(P>0.05).CONCLUSION: VA and AL/CRC ratio reference could be used to assess refractive development in children and screening uncorrected refractive errors or amblyopia. Astigmatism needs to be considered in the diagnosis.

Modified halloysite nanotubes reduce the toxic effects of zearalenone in gestating sows on growth and muscle development of their offsprings

Background： Zearalenone （ZEN） is an estrogenic mycotoxin that is primarily produced by Fusarium fungi and has been proven to affect the reproductive capacity of many species to varying degrees. The present experiment was designed to study the maternal persistent effects of zearalenone toxicity in gestating sows on growth and muscle development of their offsprings, and the alleviation of zearalenone toxicity by modified halloysite nanotubes （MHNTs）. Methods： Eighteen sows were fed with one of three dietary treatments that included the following： （1） a control diet, （2） a contaminated grain diet （with 50 % moldy corn, 2.77 mg/kg ZEN）, and （3） a contaminated grain diet （with 50 % moldy corn, 2.76 mg/kg ZEN） ＋ 1% MHNTs. Each sow was exclusively fed its experimental diets from 35 to 70 d of gestation at a total of 2 kg daily. Muscle samples were collected from six piglets per treatment at birth, weaning and finishing. Results： The results showed that feeding the sows with the ZEN-contaminated diets from 35 to 70 d of gestation decreased the ADG, ADFI and G：F of their offsprings （P 〈 0.05）. The muscle fiber numbers in the newborn, weaning and growing-finishing pigs and the muscle fiber diameters at birth and weaning were also decreased by maternal ZEN exposure （P 〈 0.05）. The expressions of IGF-I, IGF-II, Myf-5 and Mstn at birth and IGF-II, Pax7, Myf-5 and MyoD1 at weaning were altered by feeding gestating sows with ZEN-contaminated diets （P 〈 0.05）. The MHNTs reduced most of the ZEN-induced toxic effects： the ADG and ADFI on growth performance, the muscle fiber numbers at weaning and finishing and the muscle fiber diameters at weaning （P 〈 0.05）. The expression levels of IGF-II and Mstn in newborn piglets and IGF-II and Myf-5 in weaning piglets were also prevented by adding 1% MHNTs （P 〈 0.05）. Conclusions： The present study demonstrated that the offsprings of sows fed with ZEN-contaminated diets from 35 to 70 day of gestation exhibited weakening on growth performance, physiological changes in their muscle fibers and alterations of mRNA expression in their muscle tissues, and also indicated that MHNTs prevented most of the ZEN- induced weakening in the muscle tissues.

Plant growth and their root development after inoculation of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in coal mine subsided areas

Coal mining often cause serious land degradation, soil erosion, and desertification affecting growth of the local vegetation, especially the roots. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi （AMF） inoculation is considered a potential biotechnological tool for mined soil remediation because mycorrhizal fungi could improve plant growth environment, especially under adverse conditions due to their good symbiosis. A field experiment was conducted to study the ecological effects of AMF （Funneliformis mosseae, Rhizophagus intraradices） on the growth of Amygdalus pedunculata Pall. and their root development in the regenerated mining subsidence sandy land. The reclamation experiment included four treatments： inoculation of Funneliformis mosseae （F.m）, inoculation of Rhizophagus intraradices （R.i）, combined inoculation of F.m and R.i and non-inoculated treatment. Root mycorrhizal colonization, plant height, crown width, soil moisture, root morphology and certain soil properties were assessed. The results showed that AMF improved the shoot and root growth of Amygdalus pedunculata Pall., and significantly increased root colonization after 1 year of inoculation. Available phosphorus content, activities of phosphatase as well as electrical conductivity in soil rhizosphere of all the three inoculation treatments were higher than that of the non-inoculated treatment. AMF increased the quantity of bacteria and fungi in soil rhizosphere compared with the non-inoculated treatment. Our study indicates that revegetation with AMF inoculum could influence plant growth and root development as well as soil properties, suggesting that AMF inoculation can be effective method for further ecological restoration in coal mine subsided areas.

Advances in Studies of the Effects of Starvation on Growth and Development of Fish Larvae

Starvation has important effects on early development of fish. It determines the survival and growth of fish larvae,and plays an important role in the dynamics of fish population and fisheries recruitment. In this review,we discuss the current studies about the effects of starvation on growth and development of fish larval stage. The goals of this review are to understand some adaptive mechanisms and ecological countermeasures of starved fish larvae and to provide the scientific guideline for exploring early life history processes,evaluating the nutrition condition and growth of larval fish,protecting fish resource and breeding fish larvae.

Influences of the Populus deltoids seedlings treated with exogenous methyl jasmonate on the growth and development of Lymantria dispar larvae

Lyantria dispar larvae were fed with the leaves of Populus deltoids seedlings exposed to methyl jasmonate （MeJA） for 24 h. The growth and development of the larvae were investigated, and phenolics contents in treated leaves including pyrocatechol, caffeic acid, coumarin, fernlic acid and benzoic acid were also surveyed by high-pressure liquid chromatography （HPLC）. Results indicated that approximate digestibility, efficiency of conversion of ingested food, efficiency of conversion of digested food, and weight of the larvae were inhibited obviously, especially from the sixth day, which may result from the increase of total phenolics contents in treated leaves. This result provides strong supports for MeJA acting as the airborne signal molecule between woody plants.

Functions of Nitrogen,Phosphorus and Potassium in Energy Status and Their Influences on Rice Growth and Development

Nitrogen(N),phosphorus(P)and potassium(K)are important essential nutrients for plant growth and development,but their functions in energy status remains unclear.Here,we grew Nipponbare rice seedlings in a growth chamber for 20 d at 30℃/24℃day/night)under natural sunlight conditions with different nutrient regimes.The results showed that N had the strongest influence on the plant growth and development,followed by P and K.The highest nonstructural carbohydrate content,dry matter weight,net photosynthetic rate(Pn),ATP content,as well as NADH dehydrogenase,cytochrome oxidase and ATPase activities were found in the plants that received sufficient N,P and K.The lowest values of these parameters were detected in the N-deficient plants.Higher dry matter accumulation was observed in the K-deficient than in the P-deficient treatments,but there was no significant difference in the ratio of respiration rate to Pn between these two treatments,suggesting that differences in energy production efficiency may have accounted for this result.This hypothesis was confirmed by higher ATP contents and activities of NADH dehydrogenase,cytochrome oxidase and ATPase in the K-deficient plants than in the P-deficient plants.We therefore inferred different abilities in energy production efficiency among N,P and K in rice seedlings,which determined rice plant growth and development.

The influence of Fe^(2+) on growth and development of cells enzy-matically isolated from Porphyra yezoensis blades

Fe2+ acted as an accessorial factor for many cellular enzymatic reactions is very important for seaweed growth and development, but the Fe2+ requirement in nori had not been seen. Porphyra yezoensis cells were separated enzymatically and cultured in a series of sterilized seawater media containing various concentra- tions of Fe2+. The growth development and cell were investigated in this work. Through this experiment, two biologically-meant concentration scales were found, one is low concentrations, 12.1–102.1 μg/L, 10–100 times than that in seawater, favoring the development of isolated cells of Porphyra and the other was high concentra- tions, more than 10mg/L inhibiting the cell growth, leading to the deformity and shrinkage of the cells. At the concentration of 50 mg/L, the cells stopped growing and died eventually.

Thailand's economic growth and structural development projections in the context of environmental control

Projections for 20 years of economic growth and change in the structure of the Thai economy were made for 180 sectors using a computable general equilibrium(CGE) model to compare the following four scenarios:(1) standard growth with infinite supply of factors,(2) finite land supply,(3) fixed use of agricultural chemicals,and(4) combined finite land supply with fixed use of agricultural chemicals.The computable projections suggest that the economic cost of hypothetical environmental control in agriculture is small and further weakened by urbanization.The computed structural development points to efficiency improvements specific to sectors to return the economy to balanced growth.

Growth hormone therapy for children with KBG syndrome:A case report and review of literature

BACKGROUND The incidence of short stature in KBG syndrome is relatively high.Data on the therapeutic effects of growth hormone(GH)on children with KBG syndrome accompanied by short stature in the previous literature has not been summarized.CASE SUMMARY Here we studied a girl with KBG syndrome and collected the data of children with KBG syndrome accompanied by short stature from previous studies before and after GH therapy.The girl was referred to our department because of short stature.Physical examination revealed mild dysmorphic features.The peak GH responses to arginine and clonidine were 6.22 and 5.40 ng/mL,respectively.The level of insulin-like growth factor 1(IGF-1)was 42.0 ng/mL.Genetic analysis showed a c.2635 dupG(p.Glu879fs)mutation in the ANKRD11 gene.She received GH therapy.During the first year of GH therapy,her height increased by 0.92 standard deviation score(SDS).Her height increased from-1.95 SDS to-0.70 SDS after two years of GH therapy.There were ten children with KBG syndrome accompanied by short stature who received GH therapy in reported cases.Height SDS was improved in nine(9/10)of them.The mean height SDS in five children with KBG syndrome accompanied by short stature increased from-2.72±0.44 to-1.95±0.57 after the first year of GH therapy(P=0.001).There were no adverse reactions reported after GH treatment.CONCLUSION GH treatment is effective in our girl and most children with KBG syndrome accompanied by short stature during the first year of therapy.

Effects of NaCl stress on the biochemical substances in Bt cotton as well as on the growth and development and adult oviposition selectivity of Helicoverpa armigera

Background:Recently,due to the development of food security strategies,cotton has been planted in inland saline-alkali dry soils or in coastal some saline-alkali soils in China.Under the condition,to comprehensively prevent and control Helicoverpa armigera in cotton fields with saline-alkali soils,it is important to study the larval growth and development of H.armigero and to study adult oviposition selectivity in H.armigera adults that feed on NaCI-stNaCled cotton plants.Results:In this study,Bt cotton GK19 was used for the experimental group and its nontransgenic parent Simian 3 was used for the control to study the effects of biochemical substances in cotton as well as larval growth and development and adult oviposition selectivity of H.armigera.The experiments were performed by growing cotton indoors under NaCl stress at concentrations of 0 mmol-L-1,75 mmol-L-1 and 150 mmol-L-1,respectively.The results showed that the expression of Bt protein was significantly inhibited for NaCI-stressed Bt cotNaClThe content of soluble protein and K+ in the leaves of cotton were decreased,while the content of gossypol and Na+were increased.In addition,the 5th instar H.armigera larvae exhibited shorten the life span in a 13-day trial period.Under enclosure treatments and at different female densities,the adult oviposition of H.armigera decreased on high NaCI-stressed nontransgenic coNaCl,while the oviposition on Bt cotton tended to first increase but then decrease under low,moderate and high NaCl stress treatments.Conclusions:Under certain content ranges of NaCl stress treatments,larval of H.armigera growth and development,and adult oviposition were no significant difference in the change for a certain period.However,under high NaCl stress,larval growth,development and adult oviposition were affected,which may provide insights for the prevention and control of H.armigero for Bt cotton in saline-alkali soils.

The Function of GABA in Plant Cell Growth, Development and Stress Response

Gamma-aminobutyric acid(GABA)is a ubiquitous four-carbon non-protein amino acid that is involved in various physiological processes of plant growth and development,such as root architecture,stem elongation,leaf senescence,pollen tube growth,fruit ripening,and seed germination.GABA is also related to plant stress responses,such as drought,salt,cold,and heat stresses.Regulation of GABA in plant stress responses is complex and involves multiple signaling pathways,including calcium and hormone signaling.This paper systematically reviews the synthesis,metabolic pathways and regulatory role of GABA in plants,which will provide new insights into the understanding of plant growth and stress responses and offer novel strategies for improving crop productivity and stress.