Discussion on the Fundamental Role of Traditional Culture in the Development of Traditional Chinese Medicine--Using Ophthalmology As An Example

Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)was developed from and is rooted in traditional Chinese culture.Nowadays,the Chinese state attaches great importance to the development of TCM and has implemented a series of policies and measures.This paper first demonstrates the rationality of the view that"traditional culture plays a fundamental role in the development of TCM",and analyzes the influence of traditional culture on the development of TCM from the perspective of philosophy and religion,in order to have a deeper understanding of the formation and development process of TCM.Finally,taking ophthalmology of TCM as an example,this paper discusses the importance of the continual inheritance of traditional culture and development of TCM.

A Review on the Development of Chinese Graphic Design Education

The development of economy and industrialization further accelerates the pace of development of graphic design education.The educational system actively adopted two ways of“going out”and“inviting in”to communicate with the western world in graphic design(Zhang,2009).Chinese design began to re-examine its balance between globalization and localization after rapid absorption and international experience digestion.As for the negative influence,it led to the risk of developing short-sightedness in design education.Faced with unprecedented challenges,the graphic design industry was continually expanding its functions.The development of Chinese design cannot entirely rely on its own.There was no doubt that graphic design was indeed facing significant obstacles.The suggestions from the American Institute of Graphic Arts(AIGA)are set very high to achieve;the objectives will be excellent if academia can follow.A study aims to understand the overall curriculum and course design and how best to modify the general curriculum and course design to allow for industry practices changes and keep a close eye on the Chinese market's changing needs for design should be carried out.

Traditional Chinese Medicine in Malaysia:A Brief Historical Overview of the Associations

The increasing number of TCM practitioners and herbal suppliers,both of which accelerated by the formation of various TCM institutions,substantiated the creation of regional traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)associations in post-World War II Malaya.In response to the restrictions and levies imposed by the British colonial government,these regional associations united and formed a national organisation now known as the Federation of Chinese Physicians and Medicine Dealers Association of Malaya(FCPMDAM).The current designated TCM practitioner body,the Malaysian Chinese Medical Association(MCMA)were also originally established to nurture local talents in the face of import restrictions.Owing to difference with MCMA,a separate association named the Federation of Chinese Physicians and Acupuncturists Associations of Malaysia(FCPAAM)was setup in 2003 to absorb self-studied and patrimonial-educated TCM practitioners.

Traditional Chinese Medicine in Malaysia: A Brief Historical Overview of the Institutions

Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)in British Malaya developed concurrently with the influx of Chinese immigrants.To cater for tins growing community,Chinese medical halls which sell Chinese herbs were established in major townships.Consultation and various TCM treatments were also offered by contract TCM practitioners in some of these medical halls.As the needs for TCM services continued to grow,dedicated TCM institutions were set up subsequently.The establishment of these institutions marked the beginning of professional TCM services in the history of Malaysia.

Traditional Chinese Medicine in Malaysia:A Brief Historical Overview of the Interactions between China and Malay Peninsula

Chinese Medicine was introduced to the Malay Peninsula during the colonial era circa 18th to 19th century.The British imported Chinese immigrants mainly for tin mining.The early Chinese settlers had brought with them the knowledge of Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)to Malaya.As time goes by,TCM becomes one of the popular traditional medicines that are accepted by other ethnicities.TCM has thus contributed to the welfare of Malaysians.In 2016,a Traditional and Complementary Medicine(T and CM)Act was passed by the Malaysia Parliament.TCM is one of the T and CM practices that fall under the regulation.TCM services are now offered in Malaysia’s public hospitals in addition to private practices.This article aims to provide a brief overview on the development of TCM in the precolonial and postindependent Malaysia.

Introducing Chinese food therapy： a review of origin, developing course and modern application

Objective： This review introduced the origin, developing course and modern application of Chinese food therapy （CFT） in traditional Chinese medicine to enrich our understanding of relevant concepts and ways. Methods： PubMed, EMBASE, CBM, CNKI, VIP and Wanfang Databases were searched for papers on a range of terms relating to CFT. 41 references were finally selected for this review. Results： The development of CFT is comprised of five important periods in Chinese history. They axe as following： the infancy period represented by the idea of homogeny of medicine and food; theoretical development period represented by Inner Canon of Yellow Emperor, Shennong 1＇ Classic of Materia Medica and Treatise on Febrile and Miscellaneous Diseases; specialized volumes on CFT represented by Dietotherapy Worth a Thousand Gold; representative monographs on CFT represented by Dietetic Materia Medica and Principles of Correct Diet and the perfect period represented by integration of ancient food therapy practice and modern nutriology. Conclusion： CFT harbors a long and profound history, making great contribution to people＇s health maintenance and illness prevention. With the further development of integrative medicine, CFT may play a more important role in clinics and family health care based on integration of syndrome differentiation and disease differentiation.

The Content of Modern Landscape Architecture Discipline and Its Forming Process

Modem landscape architecture discipline is not an emerging discipline.It has a very long history.After a long period of multidisciplinary integra-tion,it has formed a modem landscape architecture.In recent years,with the development of society,the problems of environmental problems and economic structural imbalances have become more and more prominent and serious.Therefore,modern landscape architecture is also facing tremendous changes and is at the crossroads of discipline development.This paper analyzes and discusses the content and formation of modem landscape architecture,and points out the characteristics and importance of landscape architecture.

Learner Autonomy in the National English Language Curricula for Chinese Universities 1978-2007:A Historical Analysis

This historical study investigates the concept of learner autonomy in the national English language curricula for Chinese universities.It seeks to understand the meaning of learner autonomy in China and the intentionality of promoting this concept through the curricula from 1978 to 2007.By adopting Quentin Skinner’s intentionalist approach to analyzing the history of ideas,this study conducted a systematic document analysis of three national curricula in relation to their linguistic and practical contexts constituted of 169 Chinese academic articles in total.The study revealed that learner autonomy mainly referred to students’motivation and ability to work hard on their own outside the classroom in the Chinese context.Importing this concept,however,caused ideological confusion and exacerbated the disempowerment of teachers within the dynamics of China’s English language education at the tertiary level.The study raises awareness for borrowing concepts across different cultural contexts and has implications for research,policymaking,teacher development,and pedagogical practice in second language education in China.

Edward H. Hume's Contributions to Introducing Chinese Medicine to the West

Known as the founder of Xiangya School of Medicine and Xiangya Hospital,Edward H.Hume is frequently praised for his pioneering work in bringing Western medicine to China.Some researchers have investigated his efforts in introducing Chinese medicine to the West;less known is the role that he later played as a lecturer on medical history at Johns Hopkins University.This paper presents an exhaustive review of Hume’s English writings on Chinese medicine,thus revealing what Hume did to introduce Chinese medicine to Western academia,and how he pioneered research into Chinese medicine from cultural and philosophical perspectives.

Creatively Advance Chinese Research on Marx＇s Philosophy： In Commemoration of the Thirtieth Anniversary ofZhongguo Shehui Kexue

This article combines with the author＇s academic experience, especially the papers he has published in Zhongguo Shehui Kexue （中国社会科学） in recent years, to discuss the extremely important role of the journal in creatively advancing the study of Marx＇s philosophy. This progress is mainly evident in three respects： a new understanding of the essence of Marx＇s philosophy; a new exploration of its historical development; and new reflections on its origins.

新发展理念助力新质生产力加快形成:理论逻辑与实现路径

“新质生产力”的提出作为马克思主义中国化的新发展具有重要理论意义和现实意义。新质生产力的提出绝不是对马克思主义历史唯物论生产力概念的否定,而是新时代对生产力概念守正创新的重要发展。在加快形成新质生产力的过程中要坚定不移贯彻新发展理念,将创新理念作为加快形成新质生产力的第一动力,将协调发展理念作为加快形成新质生产力的内在要求,将绿色发展理念作为加快形成新质生产力的重要方向,将开放发展理念作为加快形成新质生产力的有效途径,将共享发展理念作为加快形成新质生产力的本质要求。新时代应坚定地以新发展理念推动新质生产力加快形成,为我国经济高质量发展赋予新动能。

学术汉语教学的内涵界定及课程体系优化

随着国际中文教育走向深入发展阶段,学术汉语需求增加,学术汉语教学开始成为研究热点。文章首先厘清了通用汉语教学与专门用途汉语教学,学术汉语教学与职业汉语教学、科技汉语教学、专业汉语教学的关系;界定了学术汉语教学的内涵,并讨论了将学术汉语教学划分为通用学术汉语教学和专业学术汉语教学的必要性。通过与学术英语教学的发展历史进行对比,发现学术汉语教学没有发展起来的深层原因主要是科研支撑不足。通过借鉴学术英语课程设置,提出了为不同层次留学生增设学术汉语相关课程的建议。文末呼吁学界须未雨绸缪,超前布局,加大学术汉语相关研究,通过学术汉语教学,实现来华留学生中文教育的转型升级。

超越范式之争——文史哲法学的前提、立场与展望

文史哲是中国文化鲜明的标志性特征。笔者尝试提出的文史哲法学,既是立足于中国传统与实践,又是面向世界的具有普遍性样态的法学范式,理应成为建构中国自主知识体系和话语体系的法学目标。有别于教义法学和社科法学的研究旨趣,文史哲法学是一种全新视角的法学研究范式,它倡导厚植于中国的文史哲传统。其中,文学是法学素材的来源,史学是法学精神的见证,哲学则是法学价值的终极追求。文史哲法学旨在沟通中国历史传统与当下实践,侧重将文史哲作为工具和视角来研究人文与法学的互动关系,将人文价值和生活实践统一于法学研究场域之内,在保持统一性的前提下追求普遍性与实践性向度。中华法治文明在保持其独立个性、赋能文化自信的同时,也能为纾解人类的法律工具主义困境提供中国方案,促使法学脱离封闭的教条式思维模式与理论的窠臼,进而更好地为中国法学的本土化发展奠定坚实基础。

从“照着说”到“自己说”——对自主性中国哲学史话语建构的思考

中国哲学史话语是以“哲学”概念的引入、中国哲学史学科的创立以及中国哲学史书写为助力,逐步走向学界的。它的建构过程已经从“以西释中”“以马释中”的“照着说”过渡到如今多维度的“自己说”阶段,这代表着中国哲学史的话语开始由外来主导转向独立自主。当下,面对中国哲学史方法论的三次转向,选择“自信与自主相统一”“特性与共性相统一”“传统与现代相统一”的自主性中国哲学史话语建构原则,采取自织“滤网”,融合现代化的人文语境、选取现代化的汉语文本为建构路径来书写中国哲学史,可以进一步推进自主的中国哲学史话语的建构和中国哲学史学科的发展。

中医发展之路的变迁

中国古代文明对中医药发展有着深远的影响,对于维系人类的健康中医药具有举足轻重的作用。文章从远古至秦汉时期、魏晋南北朝时期、隋唐至五代时期、宋金元时期、明清时期5个阶段对中医发展的兴与衰进行溯源,叙述了中医的起源与发展,以及不同时期代表性中医理论与诊疗成果,体现了中医发展中的主要特点。读史以明鉴,以期为新时期中医药的继承与发展提供借鉴。

“Neo-Confucian(ism)”概念的翻译、流传与阐发——以冯友兰的学术生涯为中心

冯友兰在美国留学期间(1920-1923)使用并阐发了西方创造的“Neo-Confucian(ism)”概念,回国后(1924-1926)首次将其翻译为中文“新儒家(学)”概念。其后由于建构宋明儒学史的需要,加上“新儒学”概念意义的不确定性,1932年底以后,冯友兰在其中论著中转而使用包括程朱理学与陆王心学在内的传统“道学”概念来指称宋明新儒学。但李石岑(1926)、谢扶雅(1928)、陈寅恪(1934)等人都在冯友兰的影响下使用了这一概念。20世纪40年代以后,“新儒家(学)”概念又被用来指称现当代等其他时代的新儒家(学),标志着这一概念在当时国内学术界通行起来。20世纪50年代前后,卜德翻译冯友兰的《中国哲学简史》《中国哲学史》等论著的流行,又促进了“Neo-Confucian(ism)”概念的普及。在“Neo-Confucian(ism)”概念的传播及阐发过程中,继承宋明新儒学并倡导返本开新的海内外现代新儒家(以冯友兰、狄百瑞为代表)起到了关键作用。

“哲学就是哲学史”的未来向度——兼论中国特色哲学话语体系的构建

关于“哲学就是哲学史”的论争关涉到中国哲学学术和学科的建设方向。在问题导向与历史性的基础上揭示“哲学就是哲学史”的未来向度,将“哲学就是哲学史”由客观命题转换为一种主体观念,以历史自觉引领当代哲学创新,就可以把哲学与哲学史统一为朝向未来、不断展开的现实活动。而在以往哲学史中“缺席”的中国哲学,也可能在未来的哲学史中重新获得自己的位置。从这种理解出发,哲学活动的未来性不仅能够突显出建构话语体系的必要性,还能够赋予作为中国特色话语的历史信仰以生机和活力,更能标示出构建具有真正世界意义的中国特色话语体系的内在规范。

中国式现代化进程中人民城市建设价值意涵和实践意涵探析

在以中国式现代化全面推进中华民族伟大复兴的历史进程中,人民城市建设在我国城市现代化建设过程中发挥着全局性作用。人民城市现代化建设,以中国式现代化为引领,凸显中国式现代化的价值意涵和实践意涵。在价值意涵层面,人民城市建设体现出服务中华民族伟大复兴战略全局的中国式现代化根本价值,以人民为中心发展的思想所彰显的中国式现代化发展价值,中华优秀传统文化与中华民族现代文明守正创新所彰显的中华民族现代文明价值,以及中国式现代化红色基因所彰显的自信自强精神价值。在实践意涵层面,人民城市建设体现出创新的实践意涵、绿色和开放发展的实践意涵、共享发展的实践意涵以及统筹发展和安全的实践意涵,在中国式现代化伟大实践中努力将城市打造成中国式现代化制度文明和制度优势的展示窗口、绿色与开放交相辉映的高水平发展平台,以及全体人民共同富裕和安全的现代化美丽家园。中国式现代化的人民城市将传承中华优秀传统文化与建设中华民族现代文明融入城市现代化路径之中,彻底摒弃西方现代化城市建设以资本为中心的物质主义膨胀与精神堕落的老路,以中国式现代化的人类文明新形态,创造中国特色的城市现代化文明新形态,彰显出中国特色社会主义制度优越性,成为中华民族现代文明形态的重要表现载体。

中国国有企业百年发展历程、主要经验与基本启示

国有企业经历了新民主主义革命时期、社会主义革命和建设时期、改革开放和社会主义现代化建设新时期以及中国特色社会主义新时代四个发展阶段,已经成为中国特色社会主义的重要物质基础和政治基础。从国有企业百年发展历程中可以清晰地看到,国有企业的地位、所发挥的作用为中国式现代化注入了丰富内涵,呈现出显著的中国特色发展特征,即必须坚持实践导向与理论探索紧密结合,坚持走中国特色国企发展之路,始终做强做大做优国有企业,坚持国有经济和非公经济共同发展,坚持党对国企发展的领导。面对新时代新征程,需要持续解放思想,引领国有企业向纵深发展;牢记“国之大者”,保持国企发展与国家战略的同向性;深化国企改革,推动国企实现高质量发展。

朝鲜时代写本《传奇语录》汉语字词考探

《传奇语录》是朝鲜时代的汉文写本词典,全书共收录、训释汉语词677例,所收词条口语性鲜明。经调查,全书有俗写、异构、记音三种异文,在归类、分词、书写、训释等方面存在讹误,对这些问题进行梳理考订,可以发现全书异文与讹误的形成与汉语俗字传承、本民族语言文字影响、抄写随意以求便捷有关。本书的汉语字词,在推动域外汉字研究、相关古籍整理等方面均有价值。