Contract System for Circulation of the Right to Rural Land Contractual Management

From the perspective of civil subject theory,law of value,comparative law and history of laws,the thesis expounds that the contract on the transfer of the contractual right of rural lands is in nature a civil contract instead of an administrative one.Then it explores the defects in the contract from the viewpoint of legal value goal,contract law and legal sociology,that is,the relevant provisions in Rural Land Contract Law and Explanations of Supreme People's Court about the Issues concerning the Laws Applicable to the Trial of Cases of Disputes over Rural Land Contracting go against the principle of free contracting and run counter to the legal value goal of justice,so they do not achieve good implementing effect.Finally,the thesis demonstrates and makes some practical legislative proposals to perfect the contract system for circulation of the right to operate constructed rural lands,aiming at improving the circulation rate through perfecting the contract of the right to rural land contractual management,solving the disputes in rural lands circulation and safeguarding the legitimate rights of the farmers.

The Transfer of Land Contractual Management Rights in Ethnic Village--A Case Study of Ya'ergou Village in the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region

Based on field survey in Ya'ergou Village,Yuanzhou District,Guyuan City,the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region,we analyze the status quo of the transfer of land contractual management rights in this village,and study the basic information,form,characteristics,and problems concerning the transfer of land contractual management rights in this nationality village.Then corresponding countermeasures are put forward for promoting the transfer of land contractual management rights in ethnic village as follows:strengthening the publicity of the policy in order to improve farmers' ideological understanding;raising the rent in order to promote the transfer of the land contractual management rights;diverting the governmental investment to the talented people within village;consolidating management and resolving disputes in the transfer timely and effectively.

Research on the Circulation Problems of Contractual Management Right of Rural Land

Based on the judicial explanation of the contractual management right of land, the thesis elaborates the definition of main body of contractual management right of rural land; right of possession, use right, usufruct of contractual management right of land; autonomy of production and operation; disposition of the products; expropriation and occupation compensation authority of contractual land respectively, in order to demonstrate the connotation of land contractual management. The thesis also analyzes perspicaciously the phenomenon of non-agricultural-use land and proclaiming phenomenon of contractual management right of land. We should establish normalized rural land property rights register system to perfect contractual management right of land. Proclaiming of agriculture land right also should adopt registration effectiveness so as to guarantee the legality of transference of agricultural land to non-agricultural land in terms of system. We should perfect rural land circulation in terms of normalizing land circulation laws and normalizing contractual farmers fees: in terms of the movable agricultural land right, we should further perfect the types and content of circulation and lessen non-legal form restrictions of circulation; in terms of contractual fees, we should normalize contractual fees of land in order to preclude the contradiction between the contractees and contractors arising from blank space of laws.

Disputes over Circulation of Rural Land Contractual Management Right and Control Countermeasures

On the basis of current situations of disputes over rural land contractual management right,this paper analyzes causes of disputes from four aspects. It states that controlling disputes,regulating and strengthening land circulation in accordance with laws are core works of new socialist countryside construction and rural reform. Finally,it presents five control countermeasures,including improving laws and regulations on circulation of rural land contractual management right,strengthening popularization and guidance of relevant laws and regulations,government departments administering in accordance with laws,stressing management of land contractual management right circulation contract,and establishing and perfecting land circulation intermediaries to realize market-oriented circulation.

Issues concerning Farmland Transfer in the Development of China's Agricultural Modernization——Based on the Survey of Farmers in 21 Townships of Sichuan Province

Based on the actual survey of 724 rural households in 21 townships of Sichuan Province,this article analyzes the basic information,basic characteristics and problems in current China's farmland transfer.The results show that the rural land contractual management right is relatively stable;in farmland transfer market,the degree of development of farmland transfer-out market is higher than that of farmland transfer-in market;at the same time,there are many problems,such as fragmentation of rural land resources allocation,incomplete land property rights system,too powerful land security function,single land transfer pattern and unsound transfer system.Corresponding countermeasures are put forward as follows:unifying urban and rural planning,and adjusting distribution pattern of rural land in concert with the course of urbanization;improving land property rights system,so that the farmers have the land contractual management right with real right tendency;strengthening the legal construction of land transfer,regulating the land transfer process,and guiding regularized and legalized development of land transfer;promoting farmers' cognitive level,and establishing the intermediary platform to provide land transfer information,ensuring information symmetry between both sides of transfer;providing more non-agricultural jobs,establishing and improving social security system for farmers,and diluting the social security function of land.

农地二轮延包实施进路——基于贵州省XF县的调查研究

第二轮土地承包到期后农地顺利延包是促进乡村振兴之根本。当前我国第二轮土地承包到期后再延长三十年面临“有人无地种,有地无人种”与“保持农户承包地稳定”的现行政策相矛盾、无地少地农民以及“两头占”“两头空”“外嫁女”等特殊群体的利益处理这两大突出问题,制定具体农地延包方案迫在眉睫。基于贵州省XF县“第二轮土地承包到期后再延长三十年”试点的调研发现,二轮延包中存在着确权收尾工作难完成、延包主体资格难认定、土地细碎化难处理、延包协议难签订等困境。解决这些困境的实践逻辑为建立登记颁证机制、农户自愿有偿退出承包和未承包地管理机制、缺地少地农户承包地调整机制、矛盾纠纷化解机制、农地承包经营权长效管理机制。具体而言,农地二轮延包的实施路径包括:完成土地确权工作;化解延包矛盾纠纷;承包地退出、收回与管理;数字化赋能农地承包经营权长效管理;政府组织成立专班予以落实。

法律视角下农村土地经营权流转问题研究

农村土地经营权流转是提高农村土地整合利用、促进农业农村现代化的有效途径。然而,当前土地经营权流转仍存在各种问题和不足。因此,需要从法律角度对农地经营权的入市交流和流转问题进行系统研究。在分析经营权流转的基本现状和法律困难的基础上,从明确土地经营权权利性质、健全农村土地的产权制度、优化农地经营权融资制度、强化经营权流转法律保障等方面,探讨了健全和完善农地经营权流转法律制度的策略。

权利分离视角下土地承包经营权流转分析

批判吸收目前学界争议很大的“三权分离”学说的合理内核,以权利分离为视角,在分析土地承包经营权权能的基础上,分离其成员权属性,还原其用益物权及财产权本质。厘清土地承包经营权不同流转方式的相互关系、内在联系和现实区别,对目前法律对土地承包经营权转让的不合理限制及支持这些限制的理由进行辨析,反思土地承包经营权转让的各种限制及其背后的理论逻辑,从而为土地承包经营权自由转让制度的构建提出对策和建议。

土地承包经营权转让刍议

土地承包经营权在物权效力方面存在先天不足,其流转问题也存在二难悖论。对于土地承包经营权流转,应该以发展的眼光审视和解读问题,破除种种不合理的限制,使承包经营权由死水一潭变成汩汩活水。在配套制度方面,土地征收制度需要进一步严格化,土地调整制度应当废止。

土地承包经营权流转内涵界定研究

目前,理论上和实践中对土地承包经营权流转内涵重要理论问题学界尚未达成共识,存在以"保留(土地)承包权、转移土地经营权(土地使用权)"、"转移(或者让渡)部分或者全部土地承包经营权","土地承包经营权的变动"等为实质内容或依据界定土地承包经营权流转内涵的不同观点,其内容差异大,且都存在明显不足。统一采用法定的"土地承包经营权流转"名称是界定其内涵的关键。依据土地承包经营权流转包括物权性质土地承包经营权让渡型流转和物权性质土地承包经营权保留型流转这一客观事实,应以"移转(或者转移)物权性质土地承包经营权或者物权性质土地承包经营权中的部分权能"为实质内容界定土地承包经营权流转内涵。

土地承包经营权流转价格探讨——以河南省为例

通过对河南省农地流转市场的考察,针对土地承包经营权流转价格现状,提出目前的流转价格中存在流转价格形成机制不规范、价格影响因素复杂、影响粮食生产安全等诸多现实问题,认为土地承包经营权流转价格应由农用地的未来经济价值所决定,应该建立土地承包经营权流转的标定地价管理体系以进一步培育土地承包经营权流转市场。最后探讨了流转价格评估方法。

东北粮食主产区农户主导型农村土地流转价格影响因素

分析各因素对农村土地流转价格的影响方向与作用强度可为确定土地承包经营权流转价格提供依据。该文以黑龙江省农村固定观察点14个村的转入方农户为样本,采用相关性分析和多元线性回归方法分别确定单因素与多因素对流转价格的影响,并对比分析各因素对高于均价组和低于均价组中流转价格的影响差异。结果表明:1)单因素对流转价格的影响分析中,耕地粮食产量对流转价格产生显著正向影响,是影响流转价格最重要的因素;2)多因素对流转价格的影响分析中,耕地粮食产量、村域经济发达程度、县域交通通达性、户主年龄对流转价格产生显著正向影响,县域人均GDP、与市中心距离对流转价格产生显著负向影响;3)对比各因素对高于均价组和低于均价组的影响,发现交通通达性、与市中心距离对高于均价组流转价格的影响方向与总样本一致,这些因素对低于均价组流转价格的影响方向与总样本相反。需明确耕地信息、了解地区经济与交通情况,为确定土地流转价格、完善农村土地流转市场创造条件。

产权残缺:土地承包经营权流转的现实困境——基于山西太谷、左权的调查

通过对山西太谷、左权等地的调研,认为当前农村土地承包经营权存在缺失;土地承包经营权的不完全降低了农户投资的积极性和农地流转的价格,抬高了农地流转的交易成本,已经成为制约农地承包经营权流转的重要原因。并针对上述问题提出了相关建议。

土地承包经营权流转市场的问题与对策研究

我国土地承包经营权流转市场虽有企业法人和事业单位法人两种典型模式,但实际上两者均属于政府出资、政府经营、政府监管的"官办模式"范畴。土地承包经营权流转市场存在法律规范缺位、主体地位缺失、流转形式单一以及底层逻辑缺失等问题。应从完善法律规范、实现主体自治、拓宽流转形式以及加深社会认同等方面完善土地承包经营权流转市场。

重庆市燕坝村农地流转中的土地管理问题研究

研究目的:通过对重庆市燕坝村农地承包经营权流转中存在问题的研究,探讨土地流转情形下如何有效地管理农用土地。研究方法:文献资料法、访谈及田野调查法。研究结果:总结了重庆市燕坝村农地承包经营权流转的特点,分析了农地承包经营权流转中存在的问题。研究结论:合理推进农用地承包经营权流转需要开展村地籍调查,编制村级土地利用规划,还需探索土地流转新形式及保障措施。

湖北省农村土地承包经营权流转的现状和特征分析

鼓励农村土地依法自愿有偿流转是我国改革开放以来一贯的农村政策。进入新世纪以来,《农村土地承包法》、《物权法》以及十七届三中全会通过的《中共中央关于推进农村改革发展若干重大问题的决定》等一系列法律法规及政策的出台,进一步完善了农村土地的承包经营权,有利于加快农村土地的流转。文章就湖北省农村土地承包经营权的流转情况进行了调查研究,总结了新世纪以来农地流转出现的新问题,并从农地流转市场的供求角度分析了阻碍流转的因素,最后就加快农地流转进行了探讨。

农户土地依赖性的测度及其与土地承包经营权流转意愿关联性分析

依据影响农户土地依赖性的因素构建了农户土地依赖性的测度模型并给出了判断依据。分析了农户土地依赖性与其土地流转意愿的关联性。利用西部7省(市、自治区)调查问卷的数据,对样本农户的土地依赖性进行了测算,并在此基础上,对农户的土地依赖性与其土地流转意愿的关联性进行了实证分析。分析结果表明:样本农户的土地依赖性强弱程度分布较为均衡,土地依赖性强的农户比重略高一些;农户土地流转意愿与农户土地依赖性关联性很强,基本遵循以下规律:当农户对土地的依赖性强时,农户表现为土地流出意愿低而流入意愿高;当农户对土地依赖性弱时,农户表现为土地流出意愿高而流入意愿低。

农地承包经营权权利属性的跨越与流转障碍的克服——以民法用益物权向经济法权利的跨越为路径

农地承包经营权权利属性的跨越是克服农地承包经营权流转法律障碍的有效路径。只有正确认识农地承包经营权中的个人利益和社会公共利益及其相互之间的冲突,使农地承包经营权的权利属性在传承民法用益物权的基础上跨向经济法权利,并以经济法社会本位、平衡协调的思维,将农地承包经营权入股与融资担保在民法物权改革思路中对交换价值的支配转换到对使用价值的支配,才能有效克服农地承包经营权入股与融资担保的法律障碍。

河北省农村土地承包经营权流转的影响分析

土地承包经营权流转作为一种新型土地资源配置方式,它的实施对解决农村人地矛盾、提高土地生产率、促进农业产业化经营具有重要意义。河北省土地流转的推广在农村规模化种植、土地劳动力人口下降、农村劳务经济发展、农村产业结构调整、农业生产资金集中及土地资源配置、农村可利用土地面积增加和相关社会化服务型经济发展方面产生了深远的影响。