Reception of Translated Classics of Traditional Chinese Medicine in the Spanish-speaking World:A Survey of Seven Spanish Versions of Huangdi Neijing(The Yellow Emperor’s Inner Classic)

Previous studies on translations of Huangdi Neijing(The Yellow Emperor’s Inner Classic)have focused on English versions;little attention has been given to non-English translations.The present study is the first investigation of the reception of the seven Spanish versions of Huangdi Neijing in terms of three parameters:collection records in libraries worldwide;book reviews and citation counts in international journals;and customer reviews on Amazon.The results revealed four features of Spanish translations and communication of Huangdi Neijing in terms of reception of academia,reception of general readers,the center of translation and communication,and the role of Chinese scholars.These factors demonstrate the marginal status of Spanish translations of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)classics.The implications are summarized in hopes of promoting the translation and communication of TCM classics in the Spanish-speaking world and to provide insights into the communication of TCM culture in the non-English-speaking world.

A Comparative Research of Two English Translations of the Chapter “Comprehensive Discourse on Phenomena Corresponding to Yin and Yang” in Huangdi's Internal Classic

Culture-loaded words refer to words with specific cultural connotations that can express an abstract or a specific concept,which may be related to religious beliefs or social customs,but do not exist in other languages and cultures.Therefore,culture-loaded words bring some difficulties to translation work.Huang Di Nei Jing(《黄帝内经》Huangdi’s Internal Classic)is the foundation of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)theory,and is listed as the first of the four classics of TCM.It contains a large number of cultureloaded words,which embody the ancient Chinese traditional culture.The translation of culture-loaded words is a difficult but crucial point in the translation of Huangdi’s Internal Classic and directly relates to the quality of the translation of Huangdi’s Internal Classic as a whole.Taking the two English versions of Maoshing Ni and Li Zhaoguo as examples,this work identifies the culture-loaded words appearing in the chapter“Yin Yang Ying Xiang Da Lun”(阴阳应象大论Comprehensive Discourse on Phenomena Corresponding to the Yin and Yang).This work studies the strategies and translation process of culture-loaded words in Huangdi’s Internal Classic,with a view to contribute to the English translation of TCM classics.

The Comparative Study of Two Translated Texts on Huangdirent Translating Styles o'n s Internal Classics——Simple Analysis on the Diffe Culture-Specific Lexicon, Figure of Speech and Four-Chinese-Character Structures

Huangdi's Internal Classics(Neijin) is one of the most important ancient medical classics, which plays far-reaching influence in medical field. More and more domestic and overseas scholars published their translated texts on Neijing. Due to the diversity of editions and different understanding, the translating styles and contents are widely different. This study will focus on the different translating styles on culture-specific lexicon、figure of speech and four-Chinese-character structures in Neijin.

Listening to Turkish classical music decreases patients’anxiety,pain,dissatisfaction and the dose of sedative and analgesic drugs during colonoscopy:A prospective randomized controlled trial

AIM： To determine whether listening to music decreases the requirement for dosages of sedative drugs, patients＇ anxiety, pain and dissatisfaction feelings during colonoscopy and makes the procedure more comfortable and acceptable. METHODS： Patients undergoing elective colonoscopy between October 2005 and February 2006 were randomized into either listening to music （Group 1, n = 30） or not listening to music （Group 2, n = 30）. Anxiolytic and analgesic drugs （intravenous midazolam and meperidine） were given according to the patients＇ demand. Administered medications were monitored. We determined their levels of anxiety using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory Test form. Patients＇ satisfaction, pain, and willingness to undergo a repeated procedure were self-assessed using a visual analog scale. RESULTS： The mean dose of sedative and analgesic drugs used in group 1 （midazolam： 2.1 ± 1.4, meperidine： 18.1 ± 11.7） was smaller than group 2 （midazolam： 2.4 ± 1.0, meperidine： 20.6 ± 11.5）, but without a significant difference （P 〉 0.05）. The mean anxiety level in group 1 was lower than group 2 （36.7 ± 2.2 vs 251.0 ± 1.9, P 〈 0.001）. The mean satisfaction score was higher in group 1 compared to group 2 （87.8 ± 3.1 vs 58.1 ± 3.4, P 〈 0.001）. The mean pain score in group i was lower than group 2 （74.1 ± 4.7 vs 39.0 ± 3.9, P 〈 0.001）. CONCLUSION： Listening to music during colonoscopy helps reduce the dose of sedative medications, as well as patients＇ anxiety, pain, dissatisfaction during the procedure. Therefore, we believe that listening to music can play an adjunctive role to sedation in colonoscopy. It is a simple, inexpensive way to improve patients＇ comfort during the procedure.

Reflections on Studying Huang Di Nei Jing in the West

Huang Di Nei Jing(《黄帝内经》The Yellow Emperor’s Inner Classic) has been the source text of Chinese medicine knowledge and innovation for over two thousand years. Despite this key relevance, many of its ideas and practices have proven difficult to understand and implement fully into clinical practice. Cultural and language differences can be compounded with these challenges but may also present new opportunities for advancement and insight when studied by researchers outside of the originating culture. This article introduces the method of Classical-Text Archaeology and delves into the author’s two-decade journey of researching this text, with a discussion on cultural differences and issues of medical scholarship.

Wang Tao, a distinguished scholar in medical classic systematization

Wang Tao (circa 690-756) was from today's Mei County,Shaanxi Province in the Tang Dynasty,and born into an official family.His father,grandfather and brothers served the imperial government for many years and he himself was put in charge of the imperial library for about 20 years.He compiled the Arcane Essentials from the Imperial Library (Wài Tái Mì Yào),a well-known miscellaneous medical masterpiece,which has been honored with a 'treasure handed down from ancient times'.

译介学视域下中医典籍中文化负载词的英译策略研究

由于中医典籍成书年代久远,其在翻译过程中往往存在着大量的文化对应空缺词汇,因此,中医典籍中的文化负载词翻译成了一个重要的环节,也是一个难点。为了使中医文化更好、更广泛、更有效地传播,译者必须针对现实情况采取相应的对策。基于译介学理论,从文化负载词的定义出发,立足文化视角,通过对《黄帝内经》《伤寒杂病论》和《金匮要略》等中医典籍中的文化负载词的识别和解读,提出了中医文化负载词在翻译过程中需要熟练运用语言维转换、文化维转换、交际维转换等转换方法,总结了中医典籍文化负载词可以使用直译、音译/音译和注释相结合、省译或意译的方法。目的是通过中医典籍文化负载词的界定和提出的翻译策略的同时,有助于为中医文化负载词英译研究提供新的翻译视角、拓宽研究思维,旨在为解读文化差异、探寻更加合理有效的文化交流路径和方法提供新的启发和切入点,对推动中医文化负载词英译研究及中医药文化对外传播进程的加快提供有价值的参考。

论帛书《黄帝四经》对老子美学的继承与发展

大约成书于战国中期的帛书《黄帝四经》是战国黄老道家的代表作。它虽主要是一部政治哲学著作,但散见其中的有关美和艺术的论述却是黄老道家美学思想的体现:一方面,《黄帝四经》将本体之“道”视为人的“神明”之原,而对事物善恶美丑的判断正是“神明”的功能之一,故“道”成为审美判断之基;另一方面,它在论述不同问题时提及的美丑(恶)具有不同的所指,呈现出多义性和模糊性,但它着重强调的是人应该以实事求是、名实相符的态度进行美丑判断。此外,《黄帝四经》还认为对艺术、美色等的欣赏都与“欲”相关,但欣赏艺术、美色等并不会给国家、社会带来灾祸,带来灾祸的是对艺术、美色等的过度享乐。以《黄帝四经》为代表的战国黄老道家美学思想是对老子美学的继承与发展,它无不与政治统治、国家治理相关,其目的是实现“善治美政”,体现出现实性和介入性的特点。

古代肺系疫病的记载价值和意义剖析

从人类发展史看,疫病一直伴随着人类的生息繁衍,对人类的身体健康及生命安全造成了严重威胁。疫病起病急、传染性强,一旦发病,能够迅速传染给周围的人,会使许多人在很短时间内被感染。肺系疫病是疫病中发病率、流行性及传染性最高的一类疾病,其对经济社会发展乃至历史进程也会产生影响。概览中国古代文献,古代医家智慧对今天或者未来可能的相关工作具有一定的借鉴价值。从梳理中医古籍中记载的经典理论出发,深入挖掘,重新认识,以期为临床诊治和公共卫生事业发展提供借鉴。

曾庆琪教授运用经方治疗失眠合并生殖系统疾病经验

[目的]总结曾庆琪教授运用经方诊治失眠合并生殖系统疾病的学术经验。[方法]通过跟诊学习,阅读古籍,整理相关临床医案,从失眠的经方治疗、生殖系统疾病的经方治疗、失眠合并生殖系统疾病的中医异病同治思路等方面,分析曾师治疗失眠合并生殖系统疾病的临床经验,并佐医案以论证。[结果]曾师治疗失眠合并生殖系统疾病遵循中医异病同治理念,主张运用基于大中医观的辨体-辨病-辨证-辨局部-辨微观的“五辨”诊疗模式,用药重视因势利导、温清并用、通补兼施,认为经方治疗失眠合并生殖系统疾病取效的关键在于处理好“抑亢”与“释放”的问题,重视心(脑)、心肾之间关系的调和,既要疏通以治其标,亦要培补以治其本。所举两则医案中,案一患者失眠合并阳痿,辨为肝郁气滞、脾肾两虚证,治以四逆散合肾气丸化裁;案二患者失眠合并月经病,辨为心肾不交、冲任虚寒、瘀阻胞宫证,治以黄连阿胶汤合栀子豉汤合温经汤化裁,悉用经方,皆获良效。[结论]曾师擅用经方治疗失眠合并生殖系统疾病,辨证灵活,用方精当,疗效确切,其丰富的临床经验值得临床学习和进一步推广。

越南医籍《海上懒翁医宗心领》版本考

《海上懒翁医宗心领》是越南第一部内容完备的医学全书,在越南医学史上有里程碑的意义。该书由越南医家黎有卓所著,早期以手稿本或传抄本形式流传于其弟子之间,名为《懒翁心领》,经后人搜集、刊印,于咸宜元年(1885)刊刻出版,名为《新镌海上懒翁医宗心领全帙》。通过考据该书版本的发生发展过程以及发展过程中形成的相互关系,梳理该书不同版本之间的源流演变,为今人研究越南医家黎有卓医学思想在越南的发展脉络提供参考。

中医经典海外传播研究——以《黄帝内经》海外课堂为例

中医经典海外传播对中医药国际化具有重要意义,然而目前中医经典海外传播存在课程覆盖面有限、语言障碍、师资明显不足等困境。通过考察法国汉学家伊丽莎白(Elisabeth Rochat de la Vallée,中文名罗姹)在美国科罗拉中医教学时的《黄帝内经》课堂,发现其以“汉字立论”的跨国际授课方式对中医经典的海外传播与教授具有借鉴意义。未来,中医经典海外传播应加大人才培养力度,保持积极的开放态度,并与更多海外汉学家建立联系。

国医大师张志远辨治哮喘经验

哮喘是临床常见病,国医大师张志远认为本病的发生与外寒、内热、痰饮、体弱等因素密切相关,发作期以祛邪为主,缓解期当扶正祛邪。张师辨治哮喘时,注重以人为本,阴阳平衡,先辨外感内伤,注重标本缓急,同时结合虚实寒热。善用经方,药随症转,尤注重药物加减配伍以及特殊药物炮制、剂量选择等,其诊疗思路和用药经验对临床治疗哮喘具有重要的启发和借鉴意义。

针灸治“神”理论在心身病中的应用

《黄帝内经》的形神观念对心身医学的研究具有重要的引领作用,其中“神”在心身病的发生发展中占有核心主导地位。通过探讨心身医学中“神”的重要性,阐释神与经络脏腑的关系和针灸调神在心身病中的关键角色。详述针灸治疗心身病的全过程,强调医患之间的神气互动和腧穴选择的重要性,达到针灸调神养形的治疗效果。以期为现代心身病的治疗提供新的视角和方法。

经方中大黄配伍应用规律探析

从《伤寒论》《金匮要略》91条含有大黄的原文入手,对经方中大黄的主治证候、配伍应用和用量用法进行分析。得出以下结论:①经方中大黄不仅可用于治疗热实证,还可用于治疗寒实证;②经方中大黄配伍枳实、厚朴、芒硝、桃仁等则治疗水饮、燥屎、瘀血等有形实邪阻滞气机;③经方中大黄多为生用,可通过去皮、酒洗、切如棋子等方法增强药效,其服用方法多为分次温服,但在病势危急时应顿服以速取其效。探析经方中大黄的配伍应用规律,为临床更好地应用大黄提供理论依据。

国医大师王庆国“依病机拆方用药”辨治糖尿病经验

王庆国教授认为,“热”为糖尿病发展的始动因素,久则气阴两虚,瘀血内阻,“瘀”在糖尿病的发生、发展和预后中起着至关重要的作用,日久阴损及阳,阴阳两虚为疾病发展的终末阶段。“法依病机而设,药依治法而选”,王庆国教授在辨明病机的基础上,明确治法,合理选用经方方元加减用药组方,同时结合现代临床研究,选用效药,推陈出新,创制新方,扩大经方临床应用范围,拓宽糖尿病的治疗思路。

基于六经开阖枢理论探赜遗精治疗

六经开阖枢理论首见于《黄帝内经》,阐述三阴三阳为天地之道、生杀之本的观点,强调通过调节枢机开阖以实现一气周流无碍,气血阴阳平衡。兹从六经阴阳开阖枢理论探赜遗精的治疗,认为肝、脾、肾枢机斡旋失司、开阖失调是遗精发生的关键,分而论之为土湿阳衰、肝木不升、水火失交、肾虚水寒,从而出现气化不利,加重壅塞,最终导致遗精。因此,治疗应强调恢复枢机开阖之力,调控肝、心、脾、肾各脏气机升降出入的动态平衡,应用疏肝解郁、交通心肾、温肾助阳等治法,引导厥阴、少阴、少阳等经脉正气回归,达到气血循行通畅、脏腑功能恢复的目的,为遗精的临床治疗提供新思路。

《黄帝内经》中“开鬼门、洁净府”理论的现代临床应用

“开鬼门、洁净府”理论最早记载于《素问·汤液醪醴论》,通过查阅文献并整理,明确其具体含义指宣肺发汗、通腑排浊与清利小便之法。文章拟对现代医家运用“开鬼门、洁净府”理论指导临床治疗心、肺、肾系疾病、肢节类疾病、皮肤类疾病的应用进行梳理,体现经典理论对于现代临床疾病的指导意义与价值。“开鬼门、洁净府”是中医治疗疾病的经典理论法则,合理应用将取得良好疗效,对中医经典理论传承具有重要意义,值得中医学者进一步研究及探讨。

北京地区中医规培经典教育现况调研

[目的]调查中医住院医师规范化培训(以下简称中医规培)的经典教育现状及需求,助力中国式的规培模式改革。[方法]采用课题组专家自制调查问卷,调研北京地区4所规培基地的中医规培医师的经典教育现况,并统计分析。[结果]共362名参与者接受调查,348份问卷纳入统计,有效率96.1%。从现状来看,当前培训模式下形成的主体诊疗思维为“中西参杂、不中不西”;从问题与原因来看,经典学、考和实践比例偏低,或与身份属性、培训年限与状态等因素有关;从需求而言,多数参与者支持将经典教育纳入规培制度,希望在不增加总工作量的前提下,通过数字化方式增加一定比例的经典内容,以培养中医诊疗思维,如《伤寒论》《金匮要略》《黄帝内经》等书目。[结论]基于中医诊疗思维培养的规培目标,现行规培模式亟待改革,以体现中医学特色。中医经典是凸显中医学特色的关键抓手,经典思维是中医诊疗思维的核心内容。目前规培过程中经典及经典思维培养尚不足,数字化为经典思维培养的落地带来可能,能够全面评价规培医师对中医经典的掌握程度以及运用经典思维指导临床实践的能力。

齐鲁医家刘奎《松峰说疫》对《黄帝内经》防疫思想的传承创新

《松峰说疫》由齐鲁医家刘奎所著,其承袭并创新了《黄帝内经》中的疫病预防与治疗理论。基于天人相应与伏邪致病等理论,倚重运气四时,强调元气的重要性,并重视邪虚、毒气等致病因素,阐释了伏邪致病机制,并提出瘥后防复的策略。《松峰说疫》还专设“避瘟方”,通过内外兼治、鲜药护正、芳香解毒以及妙用单药等多种创新性方法,丰富了疫病预防的理论与实践。此外,刘奎还强调了防治结合的治疗理念,通过内服解毒、汗吐法及外治针刮、罨熨法等多种治疗手段,为疫病的治疗提供了丰富的选择方案。《松峰说疫》不仅促进了《黄帝内经》理论的传承与创新,还丰富了疫病预防的途径和方法,为临床防治传染病提供了宝贵的新思路,具有深远的学术价值和实际意义。