Preparation and tribological performances of Ni-P-multi-walled carbon nanotubes composite coatings

Multi-walled carbon nanotubes （MWNTs） were wet-milled in the presence of ammonia and cationic surfactant and then used as reinforcements to prepare Ni-P-MWNTs composite coatings by electroless plating. The tribological performances of the composite coatings under dry condition were investigated in comparison with 45 steel and conventional Ni-P coating, Micrographs show that short MWNTs with uniform length and open tips were obtained through the wet-milling process. The results of wear test reveal that the Ni-P-MWNTs composite coatings posses much better friction reduction and anti-wear performances when compared with 45 steel and Ni-P coating. Within the MWNTs content range of 0.74%-1.97%, the friction coefficient and the volume wear rate of the composite coatings decrease gradually and reach the minimum values of 0.08 and 6.22x10-15 m3/（N.m）, respectively. The excellent tribological performances of the composite coatings can be attributed to the introduction of MWNTs, which play both roles of reinforcements and solid lubricant during the wear process.

Effect of wear conditions on tribological properties of electrolessly-deposited Ni-P-Gr-SiC hybrid composite coating

The friction and wear properties of the electrolessly-deposited Ni-P-Gr-SiC composites were investigated. The effects of graphite content, load and rotation speed on the friction coefficient and wear resistance of the composite coatings were mainly investigated. The worn surface and cross section of the coatings were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray analysis. The results show that the composite coatings reveal good antifriction and wear resistance due to the synergic effect of graphite and SiC particles. The formation of graphite-rich mechanically mixed layer （GRMML） on the surface of Ni-P-Gr-SiC coating contributes to the good tribological behavior of the wear counterparts and SiC particles play a load bearing role in protecting GRMML from shearing easily.

Wear Behaviour of Electroless Ni-P-Diamond Composite Coatings

The wear behaviour of composite coatings is related to the nature of embedded particles.The effects of particle size on the wear behaviour of composite coatings are analyzed.Electroless nickel composite coatings containing diamond particles with the sizes in the range of 0—0.5,0.5—1,1—2μm are prepared.The surface morphology of diamond particles and composite coatings are observed by scanning electron microscopy(SEM).The wear tests of composite coatings are comparatively evaluated by sliding against a cemented tungsten carbide ball.The 3D morphology of worn scar is evaluated by using a 3Dprofiler.The results show that the hardness and wear resistance of composite coatings can increase with the increase of particle sizes.The mixture mechanism of adhesive wear and abrasive wear turn into single abrasive wear with the increase of particle sizes as well.The transformation of wear behaviour is mainly attributed to particle roles during wear process.

Predicted interfacial thermal conductance and thermal conductivity of diamond/Al composites with various interfacial coatings

The interfacial thermal conductance （ITC） and thermal conductivity （TC） of diamond/Al composites with various coatings were theoretically studied and discussed. A series of predictions and numerical analyses were performed to investigate the effect of thickness, sound velocity, and other parameters of coating layers on the ITC and TC. It is found that both the ITC and TC decline with increasing coating thickness, especially for the coatings with relatively low thermal conductivity. Nevertheless, if the coating thickness is close to zero, or quite a small value, the ITC and TC are mainly determined by the constants of the coating material. Under this condition, coatings such as Ni, TiC, Mo 2 C, SiC, and Si can significantly improve the ITC and TC of diamond/Al composites. By contrast, coatings like Ag will exert the negative effect. Taking the optimization of interfacial bonding into account, conductive carbides such as TiC or Mo 2 C with low thickness can be the most suitable coatings for diamond/Al composites.

Erosion and Toughening Mechanisms of Electroless Ni-P-Nano-NiTi Composite Coatings on API X100 Steel under Single Particle Impact

The addition of superelastic NiTi to electroless Ni-P coating has been found to toughen the otherwise brittle coatings in static loading conditions, though its effect on erosion behaviour has not yet been explored. In the present study, spherical WC-Co erodent particles were used in single particle impact testing of Ni-P-nano-NiTi composite coatings on API X100 steel substrates at two average velocities—35 m/s and 52 m/s. Erosion tests were performed at impact angles of 30°, 45°, 60°, and 90°. The effect of NiTi concentration in the coating was also examined. Through examination of the impact craters and material response at various impact conditions, it was found that the presence of superelastic NiTi in the brittle Ni-P matrix hindered the propagation of cracks and provided a barrier to crack growth. The following toughening mechanisms were identified: crack bridging and deflection, micro-cracking, and transformation toughening.

ELECTROLESS PLATING COMPOSITE COATINGS OF Ni-Ti-Re ON THE SURFACE OF DIAMOND

The coating of Ni W P was deposited as base layer, and then the composite coating of Ni Ti(particles) Re(rare earth) was deposited subsequently on the surface of diamond using electroless plating by adding 2～3 μm Ti particles and trace rare earth salt to bath solution. Ti particles deposited on the surface of diamond were found by SEM and formation of TiC was verified by X ray diffraction analysis after heat treatment of the coatings in vacuum at 900 ℃. The binding strength between the coated diamond and the metal matrix was improved effectively in the diamond composite based on metal cement.

Application of ultra-smooth composite diamond film coated WC-Co drawing dies under water-lubricating conditions

A specific revised HFCVD apparatus and a novel process combining HFCVD and polishing technique were presented to deposit the micro-and nano-crystalline multilayered ultra-smooth diamond（USCD） film on the interior-hole surface of WC-Co drawing dies with aperture ranging from d1.0 mm to 60 mm.Characterization results indicate that the surface roughness values（Ra） in the entry zone,drawing zone and bearing zone of as-fabricated USCD coated drawing die were measured as low as 25.7,23.3 and 25.5 nm,respectively.Furthermore,the friction properties of USCD films were examined in both dry sliding and water-lubricating conditions,and the results show that the USCD film presents much superior friction properties.Its friction coefficients against ball-bearing steel,copper and silicon nitride balls（d4 mm）,is always lower than that of microcrystalline diamond（MCD） or WC-Co sample,regardless of the lubricating condition.Meanwhile,it still presents competitive wear resistance with the MCD films.Finally,the working lifetime and performance of as-fabricated USCD coated drawing dies were examined under producing low-carbon steel pipes in dry-sliding and water-lubricating conditions.Under the water-lubricating drawing condition,its production significantly increases by about 20 times compared with the conventional WC-Co drawing dies.

Preparation and thermal conductivity of tungsten coated diamond/copper composites

Tungsten was plated on the surface of diamond by using thermal diffusion method.Different process parameters were employed to prepare the composites with tungsten,diamond and copper.The micro morphology of different samples was observed,and the thermal conductivity of samples was measured by laser flash method.The optimal process parameters for preparing diamond/copper composites with high thermal conductivity were investigated.The results indicated that plating tungsten on diamond could modify the interface bonding.When the diamond was plated for 60 min,the coating appeared intact,uniform and flat,and the thermal conductivity of the sample could reach as high as 486 W/(m·K).The integrity and uniformity were more important than thickness for the coating.When the tungsten-plated diamond was further annealed,the metallurgical bonding between the coating and the diamond was enhanced,and the thermal conductivity rose to 559 W/(m·K).

Microstructure and thermal expansion of Ti coated diamond/Al composites

A titanium coating fabricated via vacuum vapor deposition for diamond/Al composites was used to improve the interfacial bonding strength between diamond particles and Al matrix,and the Ti coated diamond particles reinforced Al matrix composites were prepared by gas pressure infiltration for electronic packaging.The surface structure of the Ti coated diamond particles was investigated by XRD and SEM.The interfacial characteristics and fracture surfaces were observed by SEM and EDS.The coefficient of thermal expansion(CTE)of 50%(volume fraction)Ti coated diamond particles reinforced Al matrix composites was measured. The Ti coating on diamond before infiltration consists of inner TiC layer and outer TiO2 layer,and the inner TiC layer is very stable and cannot be removed during infiltration process.Fractographs of the composites illustrate that aluminum matrix fracture is the dominant fracture mechanism,and the stepped breakage of a diamond particle indicates strong interfacial bonding between the Ti coated diamond particles and the Al matrix.The measured low CTEs(5.07×10-6-9.27×10 -6K -1)of the composites also show the strong interfacial bonding between the Ti coated diamond particles and the Al matrix.

Novel Pretreatment of Hard Metal Substrate for Better Performance of Diamond Coated Cutting Tools

A surface engineering approach for a novel pre-treatment of hard metal tool substrate for optimum adhesion of diamond coatings is presented. Firsfly, an alkaline solution was used to etch the WC grains to generate a rough surface for better mechanical interlocking. Subsequently, surface Co was removed by etching in acid solution. Then the hard metal substrate was boronized to form a compound interlayer which acted as an efficient diffusion barrier to prevent the outward diffusion of Co. Novel nano-microcrystalline composite diamond film coatings with a very smooth surface was deposited on the surface engineering pre-treated hard metal surface. Promising results of measurement in adhesion strength as well as field cutting tests have been obtained.

Ni-P/金刚石超硬复合涂层制备及其性能研究

【目的】解决Ni-P复合涂层本身硬度较低的问题。【方法】选择添加金刚石微粉制备Ni-P/金刚石复合涂层。首先通过正交试验得到了制备Ni-P/金刚石复合涂层的最佳工艺参数,其次通过单因素试验研究了各工艺参数对复合涂层力学性能的影响,最后通过SEM,XRD,EDS对最佳工艺参数下的复合涂层进行表征。【结果】根据试验成功计算出最佳工艺参数。【结论】制备Ni-P/金刚石复合涂层的最佳工艺参数为电流密度4 A/dm2、金刚石浓度5 g/L、搅拌速度150 r/min、镀液温度60℃,研究了各工艺参数对复合涂层力学性能的影响。

2014铝合金表面Ni-P/金刚石复合镀层的制备和性能

为了提高铝合金表面的耐磨能力,采用电沉积法在2014铝合金表面制备了Ni-P/金刚石复合镀层,利用波长色散X射线荧光光谱分析以及扫描电子显微镜、维氏硬度仪、电化学工作站、摩擦磨损试验机等仪器设备研究了镀层中不同金刚石颗粒含量对镀层的元素组成、表面形貌、显微硬度、腐蚀性能和耐磨性的影响。结果表明,随着镀液中金刚石颗粒添加量从0增加至1.0 g/L,镀层的腐蚀电流密度降低,腐蚀电位升高,显微维氏硬度从526 HV_(0.5)升高至786 HV_(0.5);当金刚石颗粒添加量为1.0 g/L时,镀层的磨损率最低。随着金刚石含量的增加,镀层的磨损机理由疲劳磨损转变为疲劳磨损与黏着磨损的相互作用再转变为黏着磨损。

Efect of Nanometer WC Coating on Thermal Conductivity of Diamond/6061 Composites

Diamond has poor interface tolerance with Al.To enhance interface bonding,in this study,tungsten carbide(WC)nanocoatings on the surface of diamond particles were prepared using sol–gel and in-situ reaction methods.WO_(3) sol–gel with two concentrations,0.2 mol/L,and 0.5 mol/L,was,respectively,coated on diamond particles,then sintered at 1250℃for 2 h to produce WC nanocoatings.The concentration of 0.2 mol/L WO_(3) sol–gel was not enough to cover the surface of the diamond completely,while 0.5 mol/L WO_(3) sol–gel could fully cover it.Moreover,WO_(3) was preferentially deposited on{100}planes of the diamond.WO_(3) converted to WC in-situ nanocoatings after sintering due to the in-situ reaction of WO_(3) and diamond.The diamond-reinforced Al composites with and without WC coating were fabricated by powder metallurgy.The diamond/Al composite without coating has a thermal conductivity of 584.7 W/mK,while the composite with a coating formed by 0.2 mol/L and 0.5 mol/L WO_(3) sol–gel showed thermal conductivities of 626.1 W/mK and 584.2 W/mK,respectively.The moderate thickness of nanocoatings formed by 0.2 mol/L WO_(3) sol–gel could enhance interface bonding,therefore improving thermal conductivity.The nanocoating produced by 0.5 mol/L WO_(3) sol–gel cracked during the fabrication of the composite,leading to Al12W formation and a decrease in thermal conductivity.

Ni-P-金刚石化学复合镀层的耐磨性

研究了Ni P镀层、Ni P 纳米金刚石及Ni P 微米金刚石复合镀层在不同的热处理温度、载荷及金刚石含量下的耐磨性 ,并分析了复合镀层提高基质金属耐磨性的机理。结果表明 :三种镀层的磨损量均随着热处理温度的提高而下降 ,并在 4 0 0℃时达到最小值 ;载荷增加 ,磨损量增大 ,在不同热处理温度及载荷下 ,Ni P 微米金刚石复合镀层均显示出最好的耐磨性。当微米金刚石加入量在 4～ 8g/L时 ,镀层的耐磨性最好。复合镀层提高耐磨性的原因在于复合粒子在基质金属表面形成突起 ,起到了支撑载荷、避免粘着磨损及减小摩擦系数的作用。

Ni-P-金刚石化学复合镀层的组织结构及性能

研究了Ni P 金刚石复合镀层的组织结构及性能特点 ,结果表明 :复合镀层镀态时为非晶结构 ;镀层经3 0 0℃ ,lh的热处理后开始晶化 ,晶化后形成晶相Ni和Ni3P ;与Ni P镀层相比 ,Ni P 金刚石复合镀层具有更好的硬度和耐磨性 ,特别是在镀态时差别更明显 ;但复合镀层的耐蚀性和抗氧化能力低于普通Ni P镀层。

Ni-P-纳米金刚石化学复合镀研究

采用纳米金刚石分散混合液配制碱性化学复合镀Ni-P-纳米金刚石镀液。研究了镀液中纳米金刚石的体积分数、搅拌强度对镀层成分、结合力、形貌、显微组织的影响。结果表明：镀层中金刚石的质量分数最高可达12％～24％，镀速可达11μm／h。镀层与基体的结合力与镀液中金刚石的体积分数关系不大，其结合力符合GB2933—86标准。搅拌强度为200r／min时，可获得纳米金刚石含量较高、表面形貌好的镀层。

人造金刚石表面化学镀W/Ni-P层的工艺优选及镀层质量

为改进人造金刚石的表面性能,先在其上化学镀W,再化学镀Ni-P,制备了W/Ni-P包覆人造金刚石粉末。以镀液稳定性和镀层与基体结合力为评价标准,用正交试验和单因素试验优选工艺,并用扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱仪和粒度分析仪考察了优化W/Ni-P复合镀层的组织结构和镀后粉末的粒度分布。结果表明:最优化学镀W工艺为50 g/L钨酸钠,32 g/L次亚磷酸钠,25 g/L柠檬酸三钠,0.002 0 g/L硫脲,p H值为8.5,温度为90℃,时间为1 h;最优化学镀Ni-P工艺为35 g/L硫酸镍,32 g/L次亚磷酸钠,25 g/L柠檬酸三钠,0.002 0 g/L硫脲,p H值为4.5,温度为80℃,时间为1 h;优化W/Ni-P层均匀细致,与金刚石结合良好,镀覆后的金刚石粉末粒度更均匀。

Ni-P-金刚石化学复合镀层与钢基的扩散

本文采用金相观察、能谱分析、Ｘ射线衍射分析等手段，着重研究了在中碳钢衬底上施镀的Ｎｉ－Ｐ－金刚石复合镀层经中、低温热处理后，镀层与衬底间的扩散问题．结果表明，镀件经 ２００—８００℃ ，各 １ｈ的热处理后，镀层与衬底间发生 Ｆｅ、Ｎｉ元素的相互扩散，Ｆｅ元素在镀态时即有扩散现象，而Ｐ的扩散很弱．经６００℃，１ｈ热处理后，由于扩散的影响，镀层内Ｎｉ元素呈梯度分布；镀件经８００℃，１ｈ热处理后并空冷，扩散层中主要形成了γ（Ｎｉ，Ｆｅ）相．

热处理对Ni-P-金刚石化学复合镀层组织结构的影响

研究了热处理对Ni P D(金刚石 )复合镀层的组织结构的影响。结果表明 ,复合镀层镀态时为非晶 +微晶结构 ;镀层在 30 0℃加热后开始晶化 ,晶化后形成晶相Ni和Ni3P ,并以Ni3P相为主相 ;随着热处理温度升高 ,晶化相不断析出并长大 ,至 5 0 0℃晶化基本完成。晶化过程中Ni相的相对含量逐渐增加 ,最后形成的镀层晶化组织以Ni相为主相。

金刚石表面化学镀Ni-P复合层的显微分析

为了提高金刚石工具使用寿命,必须解决金刚石的早期脱落问题,本文利用了化学镀的方法在金刚石表面成功地镀上了Ni-P复合层,改善了金刚石与胎体材料的结合状态。并且利用X射线衍射对镀层的物相进行了分析,用扫描电镜和能谱分析技术对复合镀层的化学成分、显微形态以及生长方式进行了检测和观察。结果表明：金刚石表面Ni-P镀层呈银白色,镀层致密而且均匀;镀层与金刚石结合良好,镀层的厚度为4-6μm;Ni和P共存于复合镀层中,其中,Ni含量为13.19wt%并且为非晶态,经热处理加热后,镀层Ni和P反应形成Ni3P,转变为晶体结构;Ni-P复合镀层的生长方式有两种：一种是片层式长大,一种是凸球式长大。