An Analysis of the Two Translation Versions of Ode to the West Wind from the Perspective of Functional Equivalence

Ode to the West Wind,as the western literary classic,has been translated into different languages and its effects are beyond the literature and the national boundaries.This poem has been the ode to freedom and revolution spread by generations.This thesis introduces Nida’s functional equivalence theory.In addition,the author also introduces the comparisons of the two translation versions of Ode to the West Wind.Through analysis of authentic translation examples,the author indicates the feasibility and effectiveness of the functional equivalence theory in the practical translation.The author also wants to improve the ability of a translator to use this theory while translating so as to express the meaning correctly while keeping the features of the original texts.Moreover,through a tentative study of functional equivalence,a reader can understand the foreign culture comprehensively based on the consideration of the original texts and the original meanings.

The Analysis of the Rhetorical Devices in Ode to the West Wind

Ode to the West Wind is one of the masterpiece of Percy Bysshe Shelley, and the image"west wind"is the core of the poem. This paper will analyze the poem with the rhetorical devices, including alliteration, simile, metaphor and hyperbole and so on. The usage of the rhetorical device makes the language more profound and intense, models the image more vivid and attentive and lets the theme more clear and distinct.

An Interpretation of Multiplicity and Complementary of Translation Criterion with Reference to the Study on Two Chinese Versions of Ode to the West Wind

The complexity and various intentions or functions of literary translation cause different literary works.The general criteria tohelp evaluate and guide translators to strive for a good translation could be the traditional three principles,these are faithfulness,fluencyand elegance,but it is also feasible to apply some other subordinate criteria to translate or analyze different literary works.The paper fo-cuses on the analysis of multiplicity and complementary of translation criterion on the poem translation,makes comparison and evalua-tion of Gu Zhengkun's Ode to the West Wind(stanza 4&5) with Zha Liangzheng's version,and proves that flexible application of thistranslation criterion makes the translated version truly different.

Application of the Method of Non-Classical Approach to Certain Problems of the Theory of Anisotropic Space Plazma in Fluid Description

In this paper, the new well-posed boundary value problem to the system of singular nonlinear differential equations is considered, which describes the stationary radial outflow of anisotropic plasma from the Sun (solar wind). These equations are obtained on the basis of 16-moment MHD (magnetohydrodynamic) transport equations for a collisionless magnetized plasma, which takes into account the temperature anisotropy relative to the direction of the magnetic field and the heat flux carried by the wind. This is a generalization of the classical isotropic Parker model taking into account the effects of anisotropy. In this paper, the equations under study are characterized as a non-autonomous nonlinear system of ordinary differential equations the coefficients in which degenerate and simultaneously have singularities. These equations are related to an unsolved problem in the general theory of ODEs (Ordinary Differential Equations). At first, according to the conditions of the coefficients of the equations, a non-classical boundary value problem is set, and the solvability is established for the same non-autonomous and nonlinear system of equations under consideration. The found analytical solution reconstructs numerical solutions, which are simultaneously automatically established by classical formulation of boundary value problem. Parker’s solutions are also partially included in this obtained class of solutions, which is presented with strictly proves. Further, by means of the methods of “ -regularization” and “fixed point” the theorem of solvability for the considered differential equations is obtained. After constructed nonsingular system equations with well-posed boundary value problem, the analytical solutions are founded. Using the sketch of graph of these solutions their family is established.

IMPACT OF SSTA OF SOUTHERN HEMISPHERE ON FLOOD SEASON PRECIPITATION ANOMALIES IN YUNNAN

Based on the reanalysis data of monthly mean global SST and wind from the NCEP/NCAR and the observation data of rain seasons in 124 stations of Yunnan province from 1961 to 2006, we applied the analytical methods of correlation analysis and composite analysis and a significance testing method to two sets of samples of average differences. The goal is to investigate into the influence of the Southern Hemispheric(SH) SST on the summer precipitation in Yunnan from January to May so as to identify the key time and marine regions. Physical mechanisms are obtained by analyzing the influence of sea level wind and the key marine regions on the precipitation during Yunnan's rain season.Results show that there is indeed significant relationship between the SST in SH and summer precipitation in Yunnan.The key areas for influencing the summer precipitation are mainly distributed in a region called "West Wind Drift" in the SH, including the Southeast Indian, southern Australia, west coast of eastern Pacific off Chile, Peru and the southwest Atlantic Magellan. Besides, the most significant marine region is the west coast of Chile and Peru(cold-current areas of the eastern Pacific). Diagnostic analysis results also showed that monsoons in the Bay of Bengal, a cross-equatorial flow in the Indian Ocean near the equator and southwest monsoon in India weaken during the warm phase of the Peruvian cold current in the eastern Pacific. Otherwise, they strengthen.

MEANINGS AND STYLISTIC FEATURES OF“ODE TO THE WEST WIND”

赫罗尔德·布卢姆在《雪莱的神话虚构》一书中说:“‘西风颂’在雪莱抒情诗中独占鳌头,它生动而简洁地概括了抒情体诗的精髓。”本文在剖析西风作用于枯叶、乱云和波浪的过程中指出:西风扮演护持者和破坏者的角色是贯穿全诗的两个主题,而 leaves 是连结全诗的链环。本文作者进而从 seeds 的基督形象、azure 的色彩含义、Maenad 的意象作用、西风的音响效果以及 seeds 与 words 的内在联系等方面作为布卢姆论断精辟的左证。

Use of Topographic Map Evidence to Test a Recently Proposed Regional Geomorphology Paradigm: Wind River-Sweetwater River Drainage Divide Area, Central Wyoming, USA

Topographic map evidence from the Wyoming Wind River-Sweetwater River drainage divide area is used to test a recently proposed regional geomorphology paradigm defined by massive south- and southeast-oriented continental ice sheet melt water floods that flowed across the entire Missouri River drainage basin. The new paradigm forces recognition of an ice sheet created and occupied deep “hole” and is fundamentally different from the commonly accepted paradigm in which a pre-glacial north- and northeast-oriented slope would have prevented continental ice sheet melt water from reaching or crossing the Wind River-Sweetwater River drainage divide. Divide crossings (or low points) are identified as places where water once flowed across the drainage divide. Map evidence is interpreted first from the accepted paradigm perspective and second from the new paradigm perspective to determine the simplest explanation. Both paradigm perspectives suggest south-oriented water crossed the drainage divide, although accepted paradigm interpretations do not satisfactorily explain the large number of observed divide crossings and are complicated by the need to bury the Owl Creek and Bridger Mountains to explain why the Wind River now flows in a north direction through Wind River Canyon. New paradigm interpretations explain the large number of divide crossings as diverging and converging channel evidence (as in flood-formed anastomosing channel complexes), Owl Creek and Bridger Mountain uplift to have occurred as south-oriented floodwaters carved Wind River Canyon, and a major flood flow reversal (caused by ice sheet related crustal warping and the opening up of deep “hole” space by ice sheet melting) as being responsible for the Wind River abrupt turn to the north. While this test only addresses topographic map evidence, Occam’s Razor suggests the new paradigm offers what in science should be the preferred Wind River-Sweetwater River drainage divide origin interpretations.

风能模拟系统WEST在中国风能数值模拟中的应用

利用加拿大风能资源数值模拟系统(WEST)进行中国风能资源的模拟,得到了水平分辨率5km、低空垂直分辨率10 m的中国风能分布图谱。将模拟结果与气象台站观测资料进行了对比分析,结果表明,WEST在中国中东部海拔较低地区的模拟能力较好,平均相对误差<20%,但对于中国西部高原的模拟结果不理想,相对误差达到了60%以上,说明WEST系统对中国西部高原的模拟能力还需提高。应从其大尺度气候背景场分类和中尺度模型大气边界层物理过程参数化方面进行本地化改进,使之能更好地应用于中国风能资源评估工作。

风能资源数值模拟系统WEST在新疆地区的应用

利用加拿大风能资源数值模拟系统WEST进行新疆风能资源的模拟,得到了水平分辨率5km、低空垂直分辨率10m的新疆风能分布图谱,并将模拟结果与气象台站观测资料进行了对比分析,说明了WEST对于新疆大部分地区的模拟能力较好,但对新疆南部盆地高原边缘地区的模拟能力还需提高。应从其大尺度气候背景场分类和中尺度模型大气边界层物理过程参数化方面进行本地化改进,使之能更好的应用于中国风能资源评估工作。

HIGH-RESOLUTION NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF WIND ENERGY RESOURCE IN HAINAN PROVINCE AND ITS OFFSHORE WATERS

With high resolution （1 kin）, the distribution of wind energy resources in Hainan province and over its offshore waters is numerically simulated by using the Wind Energy Simulation Toolkit （WEST） model developed by Meteorological Research Branch of Environment Canada. Compared with observations from eight coastal anemometric towers and 18 existing stations in the province, the simulations show good reproduction of the real distribution of wind resources in Hainan and over its offshore waters, with the relative error of annual mean wind speed being no more than 9% at the 70-m level. Moreover, based on the simulated results of WEST grids that are closest to where the eight wind towers are located, the annual mean wind speeds are further estimated by using the Danish software Wasp （Wind Atlas Analysis and Application Program）. The estimated results are then compared with the observations from the towers. It shows that the relative error is also less than 9%. Therefore, WEST and WEST＋WAsP will be useful tools for the assessment of wind energy resources in high resolution and selection of wind farm sites in Hainan province and over its offshore waters.

A Practical Approach Based on Equal Area Criteria for Stability Analysis of Weak Networks with Wind Generation Penetration

The performance of DFIG-based wind generation systems that interconnected to solid networks is well understood and prevalent in Europe and North America. However, the application of these renewable generating stations to weak network has been examined in very limited occasions. Weak networks have a range of limitations from system capacities to CFCT restrictions which would need to be well understood prior to wind energy integration. Of particular interest would be how much wind generation could be integrated into a weak network prior to increasing voltage and frequency stability issues brought about by penetration issues. This paper introduces a simple and practical approach based on the equal area criteria to investigate the stability of weak networks. Simulation results that are presented to show the proposed approach is a viable preliminary assessment tool to determine system stability on weak networks with wind power penetration.

海温异常对长江流域夏季典型旱涝的影响研究

为研究长江流域夏季旱涝特征及其与海温异常之间的关联性,基于中国326个气象站降水量、NCEP/NCAR再分析资料等,采用合成分析、EOF分解等方法,分析了长江流域夏季典型旱涝年的降水分布、同期大气环流及前期海温特征,并以2018年为例,初步揭示了2018年前期海温异常对大气环流的可能影响。结果表明:①长江流域夏季典型旱年,仅嘉陵江和岷沱江会表现出局部偏涝,全国为典型的Ⅰ类雨型,多雨区位于黄河流域及以北地区。前期冬季赤道太平洋表现出类拉尼娜的东冷西暖分布,同时黑潮区海温偏低,西风漂流区海温偏暖。受多海域协同作用,同期欧亚环流场上自西北向东南呈现出“+-+”三极型分布,东亚地区为自北向南“-+-”的EAP负位相。长江流域典型涝年,全国多为典型的Ⅱ类和Ⅲ类雨型,环流及海温呈现出相反特征。②2018年为典型的长江中下游偏旱年,仅在岷沱江降水偏多近3成,为历史第4多,与长江流域夏季降水的主模态正位相类似,解释方差达24%。③2018年前冬出现弱拉尼娜、春末夏初西风漂流区异常偏暖、NAT异常正位相,三者共同作用,使得东亚副热带西风急流偏北,东亚沿岸出现EAP负位相,大陆热低压明显偏强,东亚夏季风为1961年以来最强,同时副高脊线最北,造成夏季降水主雨带北推至华北、西北地区,岷沱江、嘉陵江异常多,而长江中下游异常少,为典型的Ⅰ类雨型。研究成果可为长江流域旱涝预测、水资源调度提供参考。

“阴阳”与“四行”交汇:一项关于明清之际风的知识史的研究

中国古代有不少关于风的自然知识,士人常以阴、阳气术语来阐释风的形成。明清之际,耶稣会士带来了西方的“四元行说”。从“阳迫阴成风”到“燥热气成风”,部分士人在西学影响下对风的阐释与传统之间出现一定的裂痕。士人对风原理的讨论具有进步意义,并尽可能远离了神秘主义的占风术。但不论是“阴阳”还是“四行”,都属于前近代知识范式。相比于同时期法国科学先驱笛卡尔对风的研究,中国士人的风知识大部分仍根植于旧有学说和汲取传入之西学,并没有显示太多以新方法获取新知识的兴趣。

热带气旋引起的震颤波

在中国地震台网的宽频数字地震计和倾斜、重力仪的观测中,记录到来自西太平洋热带气旋(热带风暴、台风)引起的震颤波.通过对2006年来自西太平洋的全部热带气旋的分析,以及所观测到的震颤波与气旋运动过程中强度的变化、运动路径、观测点与其之间的距离变化等方面的分析研究得到以下结论:震颤信号的持续时间与热带气旋的生命过程基本相符,其中出现强震颤的时间大多为2～3天,特征为信号的包络线呈纺锤状叠加在观测背景上,震颤波的主要频率范围为0.13～0.33 Hz(周期:3～7 s).我国内陆大部分区域内的宽频地震计、重力仪、倾斜仪等都能清晰记录到这类由热带气旋引起的震颤波.震颤波的强度主要与热带气旋的强度、运动路径以及气旋中心到地震观测台站的距离这几个因素直接相关;而震颤波的变化过程与热带气旋的运动和变化过程密切相关,其中强震颤波的出现时间与气旋过大陆板块边界进入大陆架的时间一致.经对热带气旋的结构、运动规律及动力学特点的了解分析,初步分析认为其主要源于热带气旋运动过程中与浅海区大陆架及陆地表面的摩擦、气压载荷变化以及由此产生的海浪对地壳板块的冲击,及板块边界断层对气旋扰动的响应.此外,我们对北印度洋孟加拉湾生成并在缅甸登陆的热带气旋也进行了实例分析.结果表明:与西太平洋相比,北印度洋热带气旋引起的震颤波对我国大陆的地震观测而言信号较弱.

2003年嘉兴市持续高温天气分析

2003年嘉兴市出现了37天高温天气,并刷新了多项历史纪录,无论从持续时间、强度上都可说是50年一遇。分析发现:2003年的高温天气是7～8月西太平洋副热带高压异常强大,而极涡强度、西风环流指数偏弱所造成的,同时也是天气气候变暖的必然趋势;小波分析结果表明:高温天气主要存在16年和8年周期,2001年起为准两年振荡。

用高频底座力天平研究广州西塔的风效应

广州西塔总高度432m,是目前华南地区的最高建筑,风荷载是该超高层建筑的控制荷载。采用高频底座力天平方法对该建筑的模型进行详细的风洞试验,根据试验结果计算了该结构的风振响应和基底荷载,分析了流场湍流度、现有周边主要建筑结构和待建的东塔对西塔风振响应的影响。结果表明:湍流度对静风荷载影响甚少,但动力风荷载尤其是其背景部分以及结构顶部的加速度则随湍流度的增大而增大;东塔对西塔的干扰影响体现在加速度上,它可以使西塔的结构顶部加速度增加127%。文中对结构模态阻尼比和峰值因子的取值对结构风振响应的影响也进行了讨论。

HEST2007珠峰北坡风廓线观测研究

为了研究青藏高原南部喜马拉雅山区局地大气环流系统,继2006年HEST2006大气科学实验之后,2007年中国科学院大气物理研究所和中国科学院青藏高原研究所在珠穆朗玛峰北坡实施HEST2007综合观测。本文使用该观测实验中LAP-3000风廓线仪获得的绒布河谷内三维风场观测资料,并结合地面辐射资料,分析研究了该地区观测期间局地大气环流的日变化和逐日变化过程。研究表明,该地区局地环流系统,特别是沿河谷的轴向风,与其上空西风环流间存在非常紧密的联系,这种联系似乎与不同天气条件下喜马拉雅山区的大气辐射状况有关,即高层西风环流较强的阶段,地面辐射较强,激发出的局地环流也较强,反之亦然。

海南省及其近海风能资源的高分辨率数值模拟

利用加拿大环境部气象局开发的WEST(Wind Energy Simulation Toolkit)对海南省及其近海的风能资源分布进行数值模拟,得到高分辨率(1 km)的风能资源分布状况,并通过将数值模拟结果与海南省沿海8个测风塔和18个现有台站测风资料的对比,表明模拟结果能较好地反映海南省及其近海的风能资源分布状况,70 m高度上的年平均风速相对误差≤9%。另外,分别提取离8部测风塔最近的WEST网格点上的模拟值,利用丹麦的WAsP(Wind Atlas Analysis and Application Program)估算8部测风塔所在位置的年平均风速,再分别与测风塔的实测结果进行比较,得到70 m高度上的相对误差同样≤9%。因此,采用WEST模拟的海南省及其近海的高分辨率风能资源分布,可为海南省风能资源的精细化评估和风电场的微观选址提供科学依据。

中国西部著名风景名胜区旅游舒适气候研究与评价

气候是一个地区发展旅游业的先决因素，是开展旅游活动的重要条件。本文对中国西部著名风景名胜区的气候、旅游舒适气候进行了系统研究。筛选出了86家气象台站。使用3项气候要素（空气温度、空气湿度、风速），按热应力区和冷应力区分别计算了中国西部180家著名风景名胜区的温湿指数和风寒指数，依据所处气候带（区），绘制出了三大单元区（I、Ⅱ、Ⅲ区）及各省区著名风景名胜区的温湿指数及风寒指数时空分布图。由温湿指数及风寒指数得出了著名风景名胜区的旅游舒适气候。根据中国西部的气候及地域特点，提出了适宜旅游气候和最佳旅游气候。研究表明西部亚热带5省（市、区）著名风景名胜区的适宜旅游期和最佳旅游期相对最长，分别为10个月和7个月。云南几乎全年都为最佳旅游期。西部温带5省区的著名风景名胜区的适宜旅游期和最佳旅游期集中于炎热季节的4～9月，适宜旅游期大多为6个月，最佳旅游期也有5个月。陕西著名风景名胜区的适宜旅游期相对较长，可达7～8个月，最佳旅游期也有7个月。高原气候区的适宜旅游期为5个月左右，最佳旅游期只有2～3个月。西部著名风景名胜区旅游舒适气候的计算与评价为西部旅游业的发展规划和旅游者选择最佳旅游季节提供了科学依据。

西部河谷地区三水河桥址风场特性试验研究

以三水河特大桥为工程背景,通过风洞试验研究了西部河谷地区桥址处风场特性,分析了西部河谷地区不同风向来流时桥址处风剖面、湍流强度、积分尺度及脉动风功率谱变化情况。通过梯度风速相似关系,结合规范梯度风速,提出由风洞试验实测桥址处风剖面指数及梯度风高度反算桥梁设计基准风速的方法。试验结果表明:当来流与河谷走向一致时风剖面接近幂指数分布,其他风向角风剖面不能用统一的幂指数分布表示,河谷风平均风剖面指数较其他风向小,拟合得到指数为0.142;河谷内的湍流度比较大,特别是在接近边坡的位置,桥面高度跨中的湍流度大于15%;由于桥梁结构位于河谷内,平均风速在来流风速的基础上被衰减而非放大,桥址处无明显的峡谷风效应;湍流积分尺度与脉动风功率谱的变化需要考虑周围山地的影响。