On C-E Translation of Chinese Tang Poetry from the Perspective of Ecotranslatology

Tang poetry is a shining pearl in the history of Chinese literature.C-E translation of Tang poetry is regarded as a very complex and hard task because of its special style and form,concise diction and profound artistic conception.Eco-translatology provides a new perspective for the study on C-E translation of Tang poetry.Based on analysis of some practical examples,this paper discusses some C-E translation methods of tang poetry from the perspective of eco-translatology,namely,adaptive transformation from linguistic,cultural and communicative dimensions.

On the Link Between Ancient Sichuan and the Maritime Silk Road from the Perspective of Tang Poetry

Shu(now Sichuan Province in the southwest of China) was famous for silk production.Many poets of the Tang Dynasty praised the magnificence of Shu brocade and embroidery.They also meticulously recorded the good sales and popularity of Shu's mulberry silk fabrics in Jinling(now Nanjing) and Yangzhou through shipments along the Yangtze River and further to Southeast and South Asian countries.Tang poetry provides evidence for the significant role the Shu area played in the trade and commerce of the Maritime Silk Road.

On Rhyme and Symmetry in the Translation of Tang Poetry:A Case Study of Xu Yuanchong’s English Translation of 300 Tang Poems

Ancient poetry represents historical and cultural legacies accumulated by the Chinese nation for thousands of years and underpins the strong cultural confidence of the Chinese people.Tang poetry distinguishes itself from other literary works with its beautiful rhyme and symmetry.Previous studies of English translations of Tang poetry mostly focused on appreciation,analysis,and critics of different translation versions.Few researchers have delved into the specific translation methods for achieving the rhyming and symmetrical effects of Tang poetry in the target text.This paper examined Professor Xu Yuanchong’s English translation of 300 Tang Poems as the research object,and elaborated on how to retain the rhyming and symmetrical effects of Tang poems.This paper also summarized some practical methods that can be applied to translating Tang poems.Rhyming can be realized by the addition of end rhyme words and changes in word or line order.Symmetry can be achieved by the omission of a modifier or predicate,the addition of function words,changes in word order,or parallelism with the original sentence structure.

The Image and Text Relationship in TANG Yin＇s Scroll of Poetry and Painting

This paper seeks to examine the image and text relationship in TANG Yin＇s scroll of poetry and painting from three aspects： The first aspect focuses upon the schema type of its image and text relationship in physical form; the second aspect, explores the text＇s/poetry＇s functions of anchorage and relay while appreciating those images/paintings; the third aspect, traces the semiosis process of image, exploring how image and text as cultural products in the epistemological world mediates with the phenomenological world

The Land of Shu:Where Tang Poetry Rose and Fell

During the Tang Dynasty,the land of Shu was composed of the Ba and Shu areas,which were adjacent to present-day Hanzhong city of Shaanxi province to the north,northern Yunnan province to the south,Wushan county of Chongqing to the east,and Xichang city of Sichuan province to the west.In the nearly 300 years of rule under the dynasty,a number of poets,whether they were born or just worked and lived there for a short period of time,wrote many immortal poems,which constitute an integral part of Tang poetry.They range from Chen Zi’ang and Wang Bo of the early Tang to Li Shangyin,Wen Tingyun,and Wei Zhuang of the late Tang.The land of Shu is,therefore,the witness of the rise and fall of Tang poetry.

A Study on the“Social Behavior”of Zen Poetry Culture:A Case Study of the Sui and Tang Dynasties

During the Sui and Tang dynasties,Buddhism and Zen poetry underwent great development.Zen poetry is diverse in form,strong in personality,and high in achievement.Among the types of Zen poetry are poems,lyrics,and prose,some of which have social attributes closely related to the development of Chinese Buddhism.An analysis reveals that the viewpoints and information conveyed in these poems,lyrics,and prose are positively correlated with the attitudes of the emperors towards Buddhism.When the attitude of the emperor towards Buddhism reached its peak of positivity during the Tang dynasty,there was a change towards a negative correlation with the viewpoints expressed in poetry.

Medicine Referred in Poetries in Tang Dynasty In the Case of Li Bai, Du Fu and Bai Juyi

Poetry is an important part of traditional culture, which reached the zenith in Tang dynasty. Li Bai, Du Fu and Bai Juyi are famous poets, and there are much about medicine in their works, such as disease, pathogeny, herbs and life cultivation. Some poets described their feelings about getting sick in their poetries, which showed their psychologic status, social conditions and helped us to learn the development of medicine.

Nature as Harmony： The Foundation of Chinese Poetry

This paper argues for the very foundation of Chinese poetry, that is, nature itself. To this end, I have chosen three well-known poets, Wang Wei （706-761） in Tang Dynasty （618-907）, Su Shi （1037-1101） and Zhou Dunyi （1017-1073） in Northern Song Dynasty （960-1127）. All three poets were also high ranking governmental officials. They were leaders of high personal integrity.

The Major Western Cultural Influences on the Incubating Process of Ezra Pound＇s Early Poetics

This paper intends to study Ezra Pound＇s early poetics and his modernist poetry through a close research of the various elements in the shaping process of his poetics, and the significance and influence of his poetic thoughts on the American New Poetry Movement. It studies firstly the early translations and romantic lyrics of Pound, trying to demonstrate that part of the influence on his early poetics is from the Western traditional cultural inheritance and that the emphasis on musicality that Pound inherited from traditional forms of poetry turns out to be one of the major principles that Pound advocates in his early poetics; then it comes to the discussion of the new translation concepts and poetics in ＂The Seafarer＂ （1911）, which is a great work Pound translated based on an Old English poem; next this paper will focus on the influence of Robert Browning＇s dramatic monologues and Yeats＇ Symbolism on Pound＇s transition from subjectivity to objectivity.

The Travelling Muse Cathay and the Influence of Chinese Classical Poems on Ezra Pound＇s Poetics＊

This paper intends to study Ezra Pound＇s early poetics and his modemist poetry through a close research of the Eastern elements in the shaping process of his poetics and the significance and influence of his poetic thoughts on the American New Poetry Movement. In order to clarify the essence of Pound＇s early poetics under the influence of Chinese classical poems, the paper starts from the discussion of the influence of Cathay （1915） and his translation of Cathay; then it provides a detailed analysis of the relationship between Chinese classical poems and Pound＇s creation; and finally it has given an analysis of ＂In a Station of the Metro＂. Pound absorbed different poetic concepts from all of them and transformed his poetry from the conventional Romanticism to the innovative Modemism. What Pound innovated in the poetry composition is of great importance if the new era wishes to shake off the banality and out-of-date tradition in literature. Pound changed a whole generation of poets and set a good example for those who desire to write in a new way

A Comparative Study of Three English Versions of Du Fu’s“Spring Perspective” under the Theory of“Three Beauties”

Translation is an art.The translation of Tang poetry,the cultural treasure of our country,is even more"an art of arts",in the sense that Tang poetry not only pays heed to the content,artistic conception,and emotion expressed by the poet,but also to the refinement of language,the rhyme of antithesis,with its creation background behind even more obscure.At all times and all over the world,translation theories emerge one after another,but the highest standard of poetry evaluation should be the"Three Beauties Theory",that is,the beauty of image,the beauty of sound,and the beauty of form,which was put forward by Xu Yuanchong,the great master in Chinese translation circle.The purpose of this paper is to analyze and compare the three different English versions of Spring Perspective by Du Fu.

On Translation Strategies of C-E Translation of The Everlasting Regret from“Three Beauties”Principle

Tang poetry can be described as the treasure of Chinese culture.For a long time,both domestic and foreign scholars have devoted themselves to disseminating the immortal Chinese cultural heritage and have made great contributions to the translation of classical poetry.The Everlasting Regret is one of the excellent narrative poems in Chinese classical poetry.It is highly valued by many translators."Three Beauties" principle are the principles of po­etry translation proposed by Mr.Xu Yuanchong,in his work On Chinese Verse in English Rhyme.On the basis of the"Three Beauties" principle and translation version of Mr.Xu Yuanchong's The Everlasting Regret,this paper analyzes how to achieve the beauty in sense,sound and form in translation,aiming at providing some reference methods for the translation of Chinese classical poetry.

断代诗歌修辞史研究的重要成果——评段曹林教授的《唐诗修辞史研究》

段曹林教授的《唐诗修辞史研究》是一部体系科学、材料翔实、方法科学的学术著作。作为断代史与文体(语体)史相融合的中国修辞史研究的拓荒之作,段著对唐诗修辞史的研究是基于对唐诗中的修辞现象及其发展演变轨迹进行系统梳理、分析和总结,以唐诗中各种修辞现象的发展演变为研究对象,考查唐诗中各类修辞手法和言语风格在不同时期、诗体、流派、题材的唐诗中的特点、变化和影响,比较不同历史阶段唐诗中比喻运用、句法修辞、言语风格等修辞现象,探讨唐诗修辞在诗歌修辞史中的特征、地位和贡献。

Metaphors of Despair and Enlightenment: A Case Study Based on Du Fu's Four Poems on Sick or Withered Trees

In the second year of the Shangyuan period(761),Du Fu wrote a quartet of poems on sick or withered trees.They are“The Sick Cypress,”“The Withered Palms,”“The Sick Orange Tree,”and“The Withered Nanmu Tree.”Different from his previous practice of using trees to embody personal aspirations,the poet employed sick or withered trees to allude social realities.These poems,rich with profound contemplation on individuals,society,and the Tang Dynasty,cover many important topics,such as the poet's bleak future,the decline of people's livelihoods,the immorality of rulers,and even the decline of the Tang Dynasty.These poems reveal his disappointment with the future of his country and his personal ambitions.This disenchantment reflects the pivotal shift in Du Fu's later thoughts,revealing the impetus behind his relinquishment of political aspirations in favor of poetic creation.In this regard,this quartet of poems is the most thought-provoking exploration,with an undeniable value among Du Fu's later works.

Some Remarks on the Earliest Poetry of Guo Moruo （1904-12）

This is a study of the earliest poetry by the modern Chinese writer Guo Moruo （1892-1978）, composed between 1904 and 1912. He became famous mostly due to his ＂early poetry＂ composed in the 1920s, such as Niishen （The Goddesses）, but he was also an author of autobiographies. His autobiography Shaonian shidai （Childhood） and the poems published in the volume Guo Moruo shaonian shigao （Guo Moruo＇s childhood poetry）, are analysed here in comparison with the traditional Tang poetry.

Historical Changes of Ginkgo Biloba L. Culture

Ginkgo Biloba L.is a rare species endemic to China,strengthening the study of Ginkgo culture is of great significance to eco-economic development.This paper uses the historical research methods to study the Ginkgo and its cultural development process in China.According to the characteristics of the development of Ginkgo culture,the process can be divided into three stages:Shang and Zhou Dynasties to the Northern and Southern Dynasties(which is named theological era),Sui and Tang Dynasties to early Qing Dynasty(which is named the literature era),and the modern China which is named the scientific era.The history of Ginkgo culture is a history of Ginkgo being gradually recognized,and the Ginkgo culture's connotation and extension are gradually deepened and developed.The construction of Ginkgo today's culture should be in the inheritance of historical culture,and combined with the needs of the times comprehensive innovation,take the science and human harmonious development road.

音乐雅俗流变与中唐乐人诗的新开拓

中唐雅乐建制整体处于停滞状态,俗乐却因为君王喜好及朝廷鼓励与政策支持、宦官集团的高度重视及藩镇的着力追求而走向全面活跃,这种发展格局带来了中唐宴乐之风的全面兴盛。由于诗歌的创作与表演是中国古代社会宴会的传统内容,宴乐之风的全面兴盛对中唐诗歌发展产生了重要影响。受此风气的影响,作为中唐音乐诗重要类别的乐人诗有了新开拓:就内容而言,淡化了乐人的容貌描写,重视刻画他们的表演神态,并以容貌来反衬精湛的技术;注重乐人的技艺描写,详及表演的过程、曲目和歌辞等;全方面描绘乐人的生活,包括拜师学艺、受雇表演、日常生活和人生归宿等;深入乐人的精神世界,涉及其对音乐的热爱精通、丰富情思、文学才华及对友谊爱情的珍视等。就情思而言,不但表达对宴会主人或乐人雇主的感谢,而且涉及诗人的自我人生感怀、对社会弊端的批判以及对过往历史的反思等。全面考查音乐雅俗流变、宴乐之风及中唐乐人诗三者的关联,对于了解唐代诗歌发展历程的丰富及审美风尚的变迁等有重要的价值。

《唐音》“不录乐府”辨——兼论《唐音》乐府诗对朝鲜汉诗的影响

杨士弘《唐音》收录大量乐府诗,从文学角度构建“乐府唐音”,体现了元、明、清乐府观念的分化。其《凡例》言不收乐府,乐府将“类编续刊”,但与实际选诗不符。明初魏氏仁实堂刊本删掉此条凡例,解决文本失序的问题;但也有可能杨士弘受到当时重视礼乐和讽喻的乐府观念的影响,区分汉魏晋南北朝乐府与唐乐府,认为唐代不入乐、用近体且偏于抒情的拟歌辞并非正宗“乐府”。《唐音》所收唐体乐府并非元、明、清拟古乐府的主要对象,但在东亚汉文化圈的朝鲜半岛却因为《唐音》的广泛影响,唐体乐府被视为唐诗代表和汉诗典范,尤其在中期宗唐思潮中大量拟效,甚至因此对乐府概念产生“误读”。

从李益和《御览诗》看盛唐“旧法”在中唐延续的趋向

在诗歌大变的浪潮中,以李益为代表的一些诗人将盛唐诗的风格延续到中唐。《御览诗》从中选取的部分近体诗,也局部反映了“旧法”在当时的发展趋向。这一现象说明恰如其分地评价盛唐诗歌创作传统在中唐的影响,也是唐诗史研究的题中之义。通过文本分析,可知李益善于在古体和绝句中融会贯通地运用前代以乐府为主的诗歌创作原理和表现元素,并凭借新鲜的生活体验为“旧法”拓出新境。而《御览诗》则展现了律绝各体走向衰退和兴盛的不同前景。“旧法”在中唐各类诗体中发展的不平衡有多种原因,最关键的是能否推陈出新,保持发展的活力。因而辩证地认识盛唐“旧法”在大历以后延续的态势和得失,有助于厘清中唐各派诗歌多元共存的复杂景观,深入理解元和诗歌发生大变的逻辑必然性。