Terrestrial records of the early Albian Ocean Anoxic Event:Evidence from the Fuxin lacustrine basin,NE China

The early Albian Oceanic Anoxic Event 1 b(OAE 1 b) is well documented in the Tethys, Pacific and North Atlantic, but few studies have evaluated whether or not terrestrial records of OAE 1 b exist. In order to identify terrestrial records of the early Albian OAE 1 b and to infer possible driving mechanisms, an integrated multi-proxy study from the late Aptian to Albian in the Fuxin lacustrine basin was conducted,including thick, organic-rich black mudstones, total organic carbon(TOC), organic carbon isotopes(d13 Corg), mercury concentration(Hg) and results from pyrolysis analyses(S2, Tmaxand HI). Results show three distinct short-term negative d13 Corgexcursions corresponding with relatively high TOC values,which could be counterparts of the Kilian, Paquier and Leenhardt sub-events of the early Albian OAE1 b. Atmospheric CO2 concentration(p CO2) recovered from C3 plant d13 Corgcompositions indicates an increasing trend in Unit C during the early Albian, and there are three short-term increases of p CO2 corresponding to the three sub-events of OAE 1 b at this time interval. We infer that a trend of increasing p CO2 during the Kilian sub-event in the study area is closely related to volcanism. Continental weathering calculated using chemical weathering indices(CIA, WIP and MIA(O)) show an increasing trend during the OAE 1 b interval, likely resulting from warmer and more humid conditions. Mixed sources of terrestrial plants and lacustrine plankton demonstrated by pyrolysis analyses(HI vs. Tmaxand S2 vs. TOC), indicate a terrestrial contribution to the organic-rich sediments of the Kilian, Paquier and Leenhardt sub-events of OAE 1 b. We suggest that a CO2-forced greenhouse effect during the early Albian might have triggered the relatively warm and humid palaeoclimatic conditions, and intensified chemical weathering that combined to create high nutrient and organic matter levels that were flushed into lakes contributing to eutrophication and anoxia in lacustrine and in contemporaneous oceanic systems.

World Journal of Acupuncture-Moxibustion Announcement of Compiling the Special Issue of Acupuncture in the Whole World——Global Events Record of Acu-Moxi

Commemorate the 20th Anniversary of the Foundation of World Federation of Acupuncture-Moxibustion Societies (WFAS)ABSTRACT During the past 30 years, acupuncture has developed a lot in the whole world. The international group of acupuncture has been enlarged and a new page was created in the cause of human health and medicine. At the eve of "The 20th Anniversary of the Foundation of WFAS—International Acupuncture Congress", in order to show the achievements in the circle of acupuncture and set up a new image of global acupuncture circle, expand the influence of acupuncture, promote international cooperation, World Journal of Acupuncture-Moxibustion will print a Special Issue in large scale, Acupuncture in the Whole World—Global Events Record of Acu-Moxi and calling for articles starts from now on.

Heinrich events recorded in a loess-paleosol sequence from Hexigten,Inner Mongolia

We describe the last glaciation climatic history Marine Isotope Stage(MIS, 2-4) from 66.7 ka to 14.5 ka in Hexigten, northeast Inner Mongolia, North China. The climate of the region experienced frequent and significant fluctuations between dry-cold and less dry-cold during the late MIS4. The climate was generally warm and humid during early MIS3(MIS3 c) and late MIS3(MIS3 a), whereas it was cold and dry in middle MIS3(MIS3 b) and during MIS2. In this study, the cold and dry conditions were correlated with a stronger East Asian winter monsoon and strong dune activity; whereas, warm and humid conditions were related to a stronger East Asian summer monsoon(EASM) and weak dune activity. This study establishes six distinct dry and cold intervals during the last glacial period(66.7-14.5 ka) based on optically stimulated luminescence data, multi-proxies record(magnetic susceptibility, grain size analysis, Rb/Sr, SiO2/TiO2) and chemical index of alteration(CIA). The last glacial period may be correlated with Heinrich events 1 to 6 which were further confirmed by comparison with the Hulu cave stalagmites and Greenland ice core records. It is concluded that the study area was substantially affected by the EASM, as compared with the loess-desert transition zone of the Chinese Loess Plateau, especially in MIS3 c and suggested that the East Asian monsoon played a pivotal role in the last glacial period climate and dune activity.

Sediment record of environmental change at Lake Lop Nur (Xinjiang, NW China) from 13.0 to 5.6 cal ka BP

Lake Lop Nur is located in the eastern part of the Tarim Basin in Xinjiang,northwestern China.A 220-cm-long sediment core was collected from the center of the ear-shaped depression forming the basin and dated with AMS^(14)C.Grain size,total organic matter(TOC),total nitrogen(TN),and TOC/TN(C/N)analyses were used to reconstruct climatic conditions from 13.0 to 5.6 cal ka BP.The results showed fi ve main climatic stages.Zone I(13.0–11.3 cal ka BP)was a wet–dry environment,whereas Zone II(11.3–8.9 cal ka BP)consisted of a primarily wet environment.Zone III(8.9–7.7 cal ka BP)was subdivided into Zone IIIa(8.9–8.2 cal ka BP)that indicated lake constriction and dry climate,and Zone IIIb(8.2–7.7 cal ka BP)in which the proxies indicated wet conditions.In Zone IV(7.7–6.6 cal ka BP),the climate presented a bit wet conditions.In Zone V(6.6–5.6 cal ka BP),abundant glauberite is present in the sediment and silt dominates the lithology;these results indicate the lake shrank and the overall climate was dry.Abrupt environmental events were also identifi ed,including six dry events at 11.0,10.5,9.3,8.6,8.2,and 7.6 cal ka BP and one fl ood event from 7.8 to 7.7 cal ka BP in the Early–Middle Holocene.

Using real world data to assess cardiovascular outcomes of two antidiabetic treatment classes

AIM To evaluate the effect on cardiovascular outcomes of sodium-glucose co-transporter-2(SGLT2) inhibitors in a real world setting by analyzing electronic medical records.METHODS We used Tri Net X, a global federated research network providing statistics on electronic health records(EHR). The analytics subset contained EHR from approximately 38 Million patients in 35 Health Care Organizations in the United States. The records of 46,909 patients who had taken SGLT2 inhibitors were compared to 189,120 patients with dipeptidyl peptidase(DPP) 4 inhibitors. We identified five potential confounding factors and built respective strata: elderly, hypertension, chronic kidney disease(CKD), and co-medication with either insulin or metformin. Cardiovascular events were countedas stroke(ICD10 code: I63) or myocardial infarction(ICD10: I21) occurring within three years after the first instance of the respective medication in the patients' records.RESULTS Of the 46909 patients with SGLT2 inhibitors in their EHR, 1667 patients(3.6%) had an ICD code for stroke or for myocardial infarction within the first three years after the first instance of the medication. In the control group, there were 10680 events of 189120 patients(5.6%), which represents a risk ratio of 0.63(95%CI: 0.60-0.66). The overall incidence of stroke or myocardial infarction in the strata with a potential confounding risk factor reached from 4.9% in patients taking metformin to 12.5% in the stratum with the highest risk(concomitant CKD). In all strata, the difference in risk of experiencing a cardiovascular event was similarly in favor of SGLT2 vs control, with Risk Ratio ranging from 0.62 to 0.81.CONCLUSION Real world data replicated the results from randomized clinical trials, confirmed the cardiovascular advantages of SGLT2 inhibitors, and showed its applicability to the US population.

Ngawang Norbu’s Diary——a Record of a Special Mountaineering Event

Editor's Notes: On May 8^(th),the Beijing Olympic torch relay team successfully reached the summit of Mt.Qomolangma. About 9:11a.m,at a spot 30 meters from the peak, Lozang Dradul ignited the first torch that had been named"Auspicious Clouds"and was held by the female Tibetan mountaineer Jiji.Then,the torch was relayed to Wang Yongfeng,Nyima Tsering,Huang Chungui。

末次冰期贵州七星洞石笋高分辨率气候记录与Heinrich事件

通过对贵州都匀七星洞Q4、Q6石笋进行高精度的TIMS U系测年和氧同位素分析 ,建立了末次冰期 6 0 .5kaBP以来都匀凯酉地区高分辨率的古气候变化时间序列。通过与格陵兰GISP2冰心的δ18O曲线对比分析 ,初步揭示并探讨了末次冰期以来反映的短时间尺度气候快速变化的D O旋回事件 1～ 18和Heinrich事件H1～H5在黔南七星洞中的石笋记录 ,并对冷事件发生的年代给出了界定。研究表明 ,黔南 6 0 .5kaBP以来石笋记录冷暖事件所反映出的古季风环流变化 ,明显受北大西洋气候振荡的影响 ,显示与北极地区存在着古气候的遥相关。石笋δ18O记录表明 ,在 6 0 .5～ 11.2 9kaBP间的末次冰期 ,δ18O值由负偏逐渐向正偏方向变化 ,反映东亚夏季风由强变弱 ,降雨由多变少 ,气温由高变低的变化趋势。

Linux环境下基于gtk的录制/回放工具的设计和实现

Linux系统的图形库不象Windows有统一的标准,因此Linux系统下黑盒测试工具开发需要考虑自身的特点。文章提出了一种Linux环境下的基于映射方法的通用的录制回放技术,该技术已在RedHat和RedFlagLinux中实现。

SoftSOE算法的应用分析

在日常生产中,越来越多小故障、小事故的发生已到了周期级,主流的分散控制系统对周期级的信号记录还缺乏手段,艾默生公司的OVATION系统提供了解决周期级事故记录的专门算法———SoftSOE。某电厂的应用实例表明:应用SoftSOE技术之后,事故分析手段大大增强,极大地提高了机组的安全性能。

Two types of hyperthermal events in the Mesozoic-Cenozoic:Environmental impacts, biotic effects, and driving mechanisms

A deeper understanding of hyperthermal events in the Earth’s history can provide an important scientific basis for understanding and coping with global warming in the Anthropocene. Two types of hyperthermal events are classified based on the characteristics of the carbon isotope excursion(CIE) of the five representative hyperthermal events in the Mesozoic and Cenozoic. The first type is overall characterized by negative CIEs(NCHE) and represented by the Permian-Triassic boundary event(PTB, ~252 Ma), the early Toarcian oceanic anoxic event(TOAE, ~183 Ma), and the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum event(PETM, ~56 Ma). The second type is overall characterized by positive CIEs(PCHE) and represented by the early Aptian oceanic anoxic event(OAE1 a, ~120 Ma) and the latest Cenomanian oceanic anoxic event(OAE2, ~94 Ma).Hyperthermal events of negative CIEs(NCHE), lead to dramatic changes in temperature, sedimentation, and biodiversity. These events caused frequent occurrence of terrestrial wildfires, extreme droughts, acid rain, destruction of ozone layer, metal poisoning(such as mercury), changes in terrestrial water system, and carbonate platform demise, ocean acidification, ocean anoxia in marine settings, and various degree extinction of terrestrial and marine life, especially in shallow marine. In contrast,hyperthermal events of positive CIEs(PCHE), result in rapid warming of seawater and widespread oceanic anoxia, large-scale burial of organic matter and associated black shale deposition, which exerted more significant impacts on deep-water marine life,but little impacts on shallow sea and terrestrial life. While PCHEs were triggered by volcanism associated with LIPs in deep-sea environment, the released heat and nutrient were buffered by seawater due to their eruption in the deep sea, thus exerted more significant impacts on deep-marine biota than on shallow marine and terrestrial biota. This work enriches the study of hyperthermal events in geological history, not only for the understanding of hyperthermal events themselves, large igneous provinces, marine and terrestrial environment changes, mass extinctions, but also for providing a new method to identify the types of hyperthermal events and the inference of their driving mechanism based on the characteristics of carbon isotopic excursions and geological records.

贵州仁怀生物多样性及其环境背景

通过对仁怀市自然环境、遗传资源多样性、物种多样性、生态系统多样性、景观与土地利用开展全面、深入、系统地调查,结果发现仁怀市自然地理环境较为特殊,区内共记录野生生物物种5515种,其中植物2590种,动物1262种,微生物1663种,包括贵州省新记录科1个、新记录属9个、新记录种116个。仁怀市分布有国家重点保护野生植物21种,国家重点保护野生动物26种。本研究首次全面摸清了仁怀市生物多样性本底资源现状,并尝试系统地从无机环境、微生物和生物多样性方面阐释酱香白酒生产条件的特殊性,对仁怀市生物多样性保护和利用、酱香白酒产业的可持续发展具有一定的指导意义。

从《元和郡县图志》看李吉甫的档案意识

李吉甫是唐代名相,他乐学好书、务本求实。李吉甫任职中书、监修国史的职官经历让他在文书档案工作实践中产生了独特的档案意识。档案文献编纂工作是对李吉甫档案意识的又一次淬炼,编史修志的经历使得其档案意识走向成熟。《元和郡县图志》作为李吉甫档案文献编纂工作的集大成者,充分体现其编纂导向需求化、档案选材多样化、考订加工灵活化的档案意识。这种档案意识能够为今天的档案工作者提供有益借鉴与参考。

从隐含读者看商周历史散文中“实录”的演变

“实录”是古代历史散文优劣的重要评价标准,也是我国史官崇高的精神追求。目前,学界对其多追溯至春秋时期,以晋国史官董狐等人为代表。事实上,中国史官文化源远流长,春秋史官的实录应是史官书写体系演变的结果。从甲骨卜辞看,殷商时期巫祝就已有如实记录的意识。隐含读者是作者写作时的预设读者,以隐含读者的视角探究史官的“实录”有利于从写作动机的角度更准确、系统地还原“实录”书写的演变,揭示中国史官“实录”传统的发展脉络。

“物产志”及其索引数据库的价值——以《上海府县旧志丛书》为例

地方志中的物产,除了记载当地的农作物、动植物等内容外,还涉及不同时期的特有产物、民生日用等多重信息。对物产志信息的挖掘,无疑对农学、中药学以及文化旅游资源等的开发都具有重要的价值。《上海府县旧志丛书》是第一次整体性对上海市当代行政辖区内1949年之前成书的府志、县志的整理,其中物产志部分编写的体例、特点值得深入研究,尤其可以通过编制物产索引、建立上海方志物产数据库等来挖掘方志物产的特有价值,为进一步研究中国方志物产索引数据库提供借鉴。

The Y.D.and climate abrupt events in the early and middle Holocene:Stalagmite oxygen isotope record from Maolan,Guizhou,China

The isotope records which range from 3.9 kaBP to 15.7 kaBP with an average resolution of 90 a have been obtained from 45 cm to 193.6 cm of the upper part of D4 stalagmite from Dongguo Cave in Libo, Guizhou, by using system TIMS U-series dating and carbon and oxygen stable isotope analyses.The study indicates that the last cold event, the YD (Younger Dryas) event, of the last glacial period was apparently shown in D4 record, which started from 12.80 kaBP and ended in 11.58 kaBP, with a great range of drop in temperature. The end of the last glacial period was consistent with the termination I in oceanic isotope records and was with time limit of 11.3 kaBP. The three most distinct cold events in the early and middle Holocene occurred respectively in 10.91 kaBP, 8.27 kaBP and 4.75 kaBP, with a range of drop in tem- perature reaching 2—5℃. The climate abrupt events in thousand and hundred years scale re- corded in stalagmite δ O can be compared to those in GISP2 ice cores from Greenland in their 18 happening time and the range of their lasting time. The cold events in 8.27 kaBP and 4.75 kaBP can also be compared to CC3 stalagmite records in Ireland, which indicate that climate changes of short range in China monsoon areas, western Europe and polar regions, have the same driv- ing factor. This has a global significance. In addition, the trend of record curves in some time- stages is apparently different, which reflects probably the difference between environment in monsoon climate areas and in polar regions.

浙江苔类植物新记录属拟蒴囊苔属 Saccogynidium

在研究采自浙江省庆元县的苔藓植物标本过程中,发现了糙叶拟蒴囊苔Saccogynidium muricellum.该种的主要鉴别特征为:叶片透明,长椭圆形,先端具2齿;叶细胞具矮疣,无三角体;腹叶与茎等宽.糙叶拟蒴囊苔之前记录于台湾地区与贵州,为浙江新记录种,拟蒴囊苔属Saccogynidium为浙江新记录属.

湖南省兰科植物新记录种——线柱兰

本文报道了湖南省兰科植物新记录线柱兰[Zeuxine strateumatica(L.)Schltr.],发现于湖南省汝城县大坪镇,引证标本保存于中南林业科技大学树木标本室(CSFI)。新记录的发现丰富了湖南省兰科植物资源,为线柱兰属(Zeuxine Lindl.)植物的保护与利用提供了重要科学依据。

Spatial pattern and influencing factors of landslide casualty events

Analysis of casualties due to landslides from 2000 to 2012 revealed that their spa- tial pattern was affected by terrain and other natural environmental factors, which resulted in a higher distribution of landslide casualty events in southern China than in northern China. Hotspots of landslide-generated casualties were in the western Sichuan mountainous area and Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau region, southeast hilly area, northern part of the loess hilly area and Tianshan and Qilian Mountains. However, local distribution patterns indicated that land- slide casualty events were also influenced by economic activity factors. To quantitatively analyse the influence of natural environment and human-economic activity factors, the Probability Model for Landslide Casualty Events in China （LCEC） was built based on logistic regression analysis. The results showed that relative relief, GDP growth rate, mean annual precipitation, fault zones, and population density were positively correlated with casualties caused by landslides. Notably, GDP growth rate ranked only second to relative relief as the primary factors in the probability of casualties due to landslides. The occurrence probability of a landslide casualty event increased 2.706 times with a GDP growth rate increase of 2.72%. In contrast, vegetation coverage was negatively correlated with casualties caused by land- slides. The LCEC model was then applied to calculate the occurrence probability of landslide casualty events for each county in China. The results showed that there are 27 counties with high occurrence probability but zero casualty events. The 27 counties were divided into three categories： poverty-stricken counties, mineral-rich counties, and real-estate overexploited counties; these are key areas that should be emphasized in reducing landslide risk.

紧密型县域医共体对乡镇卫生院医生责任感的影响——基于情感体验的中介作用

目的基于情感事件理论,探究紧密型县域医共体改革对乡镇卫生院医生责任感的影响及其内在机制,为提升乡镇卫生院医生责任感提供参考。方法采用自编问卷进行调查,问卷内容包括乡镇卫生院医生个人基本信息和责任感、医共体效能、情感体验3个变量。选取湖北省2个典型紧密型县域医共体的23家乡镇卫生院的医生作为调查对象,采用结构方程模型分析紧密型县城医共体对医生责任感的影响。结果医共体效能对乡镇卫生院医生情感体验具有正向影响,情感体验对医生责任感有正向影响,医共体效能对医生责任感的直接效应值为0.044,间接效应值为0.236,间接效应占总效应的比值为84.3%。结论情感体验在医共体效能与乡镇卫生院医生责任感之间发挥完全中介作用。