Enforcement of Regulations of the People's Republic of China on Disclosure of Government Information and Continual Development of a Group of Basic Human Rights

Introduction 2013 saw the sixth anniversary of the formulation of Regulations of the People＇s Republic of China on Disclosure of Government Information （hereinafter referred to as the Regulations） and the fifth anniversary of their being put into effect. As the Regulations were stipulated and put into force,

On China's Protection of Citizens' Right to Be Informed and Construction of Government Information Publicity System

I. The Unfolding Situation of the Philosophy of Right to Be Informed in China and Early Construction of Government Information Publicity System The origin of the thought,known as China＇s protection of right to be informed and the construction of government information publicity system

Environmental Information Governance Reform in the Era of Big Data--From Information Disclosure to Public Service

The development of environmental information governance includes three phases: providing for oneself,information disclosure,and public service. And then China is in the transition and transformation of environmental information disclosure to the environmental information public service. The core of the transformation is public participation,in the whole procedure of environmental information supply decision making,production,and quality supervision and evaluation,etc. The target path of the environmental information governance reform includes five parts: improvement of public satisfaction,optimizing information disclosure,information quality control,integration of information resources,and multiple supply.

The Electronic Government of Quebec——The Canadian Experience

The adoption of technology in all its forms, especially information technology, is effectively achieved by the success of e-government through the quality of public electronic services provided by this type of government. In order to maximize the effectiveness of E-government and realize its vast potential, several fundamental conditions must exist tofacilitate an enabling environment.The main purpose of this study was to provide effective mechanisms and procedures that define the e-government environment in Quebec and to demonstrate their capacity (or lack thereof) for assessing and developing e-governance in Canada. This was achieved through a theoretical analysis of the fundamental indicators of information and communication technology and some critical measures in terms of human, political, legal, and administrative resource capacities to perform this kind of management at the level of Quebec State in Canada.

Current status and future development of Chinese Government Public Information Online

Since its launch last year, the Chinese Government Public Information Online(CGPIO) platform's basic construction has developed rapidly. This paper describes the technology and service status of the platform, analyzes its problems, and details the future development of the alliance platform in the future.

A survey of public needs for government information service in libraries

Purpose:This paper describes a comprehensive user survey carried out in China to investigate public needs for government information service in libraries.It is expected to provide insights into the ways to help public libraries meet the user needs.Design/methodology/approach:The paper is founded on a survey among library users,librarians and non-library users.Paper questionnaires were distributed in the National Library of China and 32 provincial public libraries in China and electronic questionnaires were sent to non-library users.A total of 909 valid questionnaires were collected.Findings:A lot of attention is paid to policies,laws and regulations relating to common people’s work and lives such as science,technology,education,culture,finance,market supervision,health care,sports,urban construction and environment protection.A wide variety of government information resources is needed and information delivered to users shall be accurate and timely.Internet has become the main means of accessing government information and mobile phones the preferred Web access channel,while printed materials are considered important information sources.Users need assistance and training in the use of library information resources and services.Research limitations:The sample was limited to respondents from provincial-level public libraries,but city and county-level library users were not included.Practical implications:The survey results are beneficial for the Chinese public libraries to design service programs and improve their services.Originality/value:The paper is one of the comprehensive surveys on public needs for government information service in the Chinese libraries and some of die findings will be of wider interest for other libraries.

Development in theoretical study and practice of library legislation in China

One of the most outstanding characteristics of library legislation in China is that theoretical research and legislative practice are mutually reinforcing, making important issues and basic rules and regulations closely associated with legislation and the research focus. A national library law is currently being enacted while several local library legislations have already seen fruitful results. In the enactment of 'Regulations for the Protection of Information Network Dissemination Rights', the library professional participated for the first time in enacting a national copyright law, which led to unprecedented flourishing of library activities and copyright studies. The promulgation of another legal framework,'Government Information Disclosure Regulations' further advanced the research on related issues and pushed forward government information services in public libraries in the same way. A new landmark for library legislation in recent years is the promulgation of'Guidelines for Land Utilization for Public Library Construction' and 'Public Library Construction Standards', while the framing of 'Rules of Professional Ethics for Librarians in China(On trial)' and the 'Library Service Manifesto' give indication that a framework of self-disciplinary measures of library professionals is established.

Regulations on Open Government Information

On April 24, 2007 the State Council promulgated Regulations of the People＇s Republic of China on Open Governrnent Information （referred to as Regulations below）, which will become effective on May 1, 2008. As the first administrative role of the central government of China that aims to safeguard the public＇s right to know, the Regulations are of great significance in China＇s democratization and its establishment of the role of law.

联合国COFOG对我国《政务信息资源分类》的启示

介绍联合国政府职能分类法(COFOG)和我国的政务信息资源分类标准,即:《政务信息资源目录体系第4部分:政务信息资源分类》。从面向公共服务这一分类的研究和设计理念出发将这两个分类进行对比,分析我国政务信息资源分类标准存在的不足。着重从面向公共服务的角度总结联合国政府职能分类对我国政务信息资源分类有哪些可以借鉴的地方并提出具体的改进建议。

论公共卫生数字信息共享机制的行政法规制

公共卫生数字信息共享机制是指公共卫生数字信息共享主体,将其所持有信息的使用权和知情权与其他人共有,由此形成共享主体间的相互作用和结构关系。以行政参与主体和信息种类为标准,可将其分为各级政府为主导的公共卫生数字信息共享机制、各级卫生行政主管部门为核心的数字信息共享机制等类型。其作用共同表现为助力政府部门公共卫生数字治理效能的实现、促进跨主体跨部门间的信息交流与业务协调等。当前,公共卫生数字信息共享机制面临共享环境交互式转变增加数字信息共享风险,以及共享机制不健全导致数字信息共享环节受阻等挑战。需要从构建分级分工的信息共享渠道、明晰各主体信息共享的范围、划定共享信息的收集和使用标准,以及规定数字信息共享的监督机制等措施入手不断完善,进而形成“共建共治共享”的公共卫生数字治理新格局。

数字政府建设政企合作法律风险的规制模式

数字政府建设政企合作的目标是公私协力实现公共给付,以数字化赋能中国式现代化。相较于传统公共服务领域,数字政府建设政企合作存在数字技术侵权、政府权力迁移、行政优益权履行不能和责任虚化等法律风险,容易产生合作中断、非正常终止等问题,致使合作结果与目标存在差距。政府规制、自我规制和元规制等现有风险规制模式各有优劣,但在面对数字政府建设的特定适用场景时均呈现出捉襟见肘之势,表现为风险防范不足,对互动关注不够,过于强调过程规制而缺乏结果有效性的考量。结果导向型合作规制模式强调结果与目标的一致性、协商与互动、合作绩效与公共问责,对数字政府建设政企合作法律风险的规制更为妥当,并可分为目标规制、过程规制和结果规制三个层面。结果导向型风险规制模式的法律构造为:建构将公共价值嵌入算法的合作机制,并通过风险评估和公民参与程序规避侵权风险;强化信用监管、优化契约机制分别规避政府权力迁移风险和行政优益权履行不能风险,并通过风险管理程序予以实现;明确政企责任分担,并通过公共问责程序规制责任虚化风险。

基于Kano模型的突发公共事件政务微博回应与公众信息需求适配性研究

【目的/意义】政府回应是政府应对突发事件时维稳民心、疏导舆论的重要举措。对公众信息需求进行精准定位并对其与政务微博回应作适配性分析,有助于总结政府回应的经验教训并明确改进策略,为提高回应效能提供参考。【方法/过程】基于公众在线评论数据,采用Kano模型对公众信息需求进行具体的属性定调,分析舆情演化不同阶段下公众信息需求与政府回应适配性的差异化表征,提出提升政府回应效能的对策建议。【结果/结论】突发事件发生后公众的信息需求呈现差异化表征,公众信息需求与政府回应的适配度会直接影响回应的精准度与公众的满意度。因此,在应对突发公共舆情事件时,政府应根据公众的情感与真实需求精准调整、优化和改进回应策略,树立良好的政府形象。

生成式人工智能个人信息安全挑战及敏捷治理

生成式人工智能秘密收集个人敏感数据,冲破“知情同意”原则和“最小必要”原则的限制,或将使信息关联违法高发。生成式人工智能信息收集行为主动、收集内容全面、泛化能力强劲,对“知情同意”原则和“最小必要”原则带来严重挑战。宏观层面,我国现有民事法律无力于数据安全治理,刑事法律缺乏明确的违法计量标准,由行政法规挑起数据法治大梁。微观层面,我国现有法律规范体系对被侵权人加以不合理的举证义务,司法救济路径单一,不利于权利救济。选择风险控制路径,从算法协议透明化、治理场景化和多方位协同化应对信息关联违法等方面展开制度构建,引入个人敏感数据单独监管制度和预防性公益诉讼制度破解该困局。

公众知情权与个人隐私权:公共卫生治理中的价值两难与伦理抉择

公众知情权与个人隐私权是公共卫生治理中两种均应保护的重要权利。保障公众知情权与个人隐私权不仅有利于保障公民权利和维护公共健康,而且是维护人的尊严和价值、促进社会文明进步的题中之义。二者既有诸多共同的重要意义和伦理价值,也有不同的价值取向。价值取向的差异可能导致实践中两种权利之间的冲突。现实地看,公共卫生治理中公众知情权与个人隐私权的冲突主要表现为两种权利主体之间的利益冲突、以权利冲突为内容的法律冲突以及由义务主体的“一身二任”导致的义务冲突,从伦理层面看则是两种权利的不同价值取向导致的价值两难、以“尊重”原则为核心的伦理冲突以及以道德义务为核心的价值冲突和角色伦理困境。公共卫生治理中公众知情权与个人隐私权的冲突看似一种非此即彼的“悲剧性冲突”,但由于二者在尊重和保障公民权利和维护公众健康等方面具有价值统一性,两种权利仍然可以而且应该通过有限度的让渡方式予以平衡。平衡公众知情权与个人隐私权的价值两难,应基于公共利益优先和生命健康至上,坚持必要性、最小化和不伤害等伦理原则,使个人隐私权有限度地让渡于公众知情权。

数字经济下个人信息使用和保护平衡的三方演化博弈分析

构建以政府(G)、个人信息所有者(P)和个人信息获取/使用者(C)三方为主体的动态博弈模型,分析其演化过程。通过对以政府为驱动的三方博弈的演化路径分析,从三方的角度分别提出对策建议。研究结果表明,政府实施严格监管可以提升自身形象和管理效率。政府应主要采用惩罚手段,使个人信息获取/使用者在违规策略下产生较高的成本,从而促使他们采取规范获取和使用的策略。对于个人信息所有者而言,政府及时发现违规行为并严格处理,同时积极宣传个人信息维护,可激励他们采取积极提供个人信息的策略。在这种情况下,三方可实现帕累托最优的策略均衡,并实现在数字经济下个人信息使用和保护的平衡。

我国乡村振兴促进法软法治理机制及其优化适用

《中华人民共和国乡村振兴促进法》呈现出针对乡村治理的软法进路,在诸多方面发挥了其软法内容所具有的弹性、开放性及补充性作用,是我国探索软法治理的有益尝试,但也存在软法机制未充分发挥的问题。当前,应在软法硬法互动效应的强化、授权性的公众参与及治理信息共享等方面着手,弥补乡村振兴促进法软法机制的不足,寻求我国乡村振兴发展的软法治理进路。

分行业信息披露能提高业绩预告质量吗?——基于准自然实验的证据

分行业信息披露是注册制下高质量监管的重要内容。本文基于沪深交易所分批次颁布行业信息披露指引这一准自然实验构建双重差分模型,实证分析了行业信息披露义务是否改变了公司的策略性信息披露行为。研究发现,要求上市公司披露行业经营性信息能够提高管理层业绩预告质量,且信息透明度、分析师关注度、法制环境、业绩预告属性和经营风险在分行业信息披露对业绩预告质量的影响中发挥着调节作用。会计稳健性和会计信息可比性是潜在机制。本研究有助于理解以行业为属性的信息披露政策对上市公司业绩预告披露行为的影响,同时对完善我国业绩预告制度也有一定的启发。

公众环境关注与企业绿色治理——基于城市百度指数的研究

在多元共治的现代环境治理体系构建中,公众作为不可或缺的参与主体,发挥着利益诉讼表达、舆论信息传播以及政策执行监督等重要作用。本文以2011—2019年中国重污染上市公司为研究样本,利用百度搜索指数测度地级市公众环境关注度,应用机器学习方法和文本分析方法全面刻画企业绿色治理水平,实证考察了公众环境关注对企业绿色治理的影响及其机制。研究结果显示:公众环境关注显著提升了辖区内企业绿色治理水平。机制分析表明,公众环境关注作为一种重要的非正式制度,能够通过提高环境规制执行力度和加大环境治理财政投入,发挥环境治理作用,促进企业绿色治理行为。进一步研究发现:公众环境关注的直接影响在企业特征和地区特征层面存在着异质性,在融资约束弱、政治关联强、企业规模大以及地区法制环境好、空气质量差的分样本中,公众环境关注对企业绿色治理的提升效应更为显著。本文为互联网背景下公众环境关注的积极后果提供了经验证据,对于我国企业更好实现绿色治理具有启示意义。

药品集采中政府与公立医院间的博弈研究

目的:探究公立医疗机构完成集采任务的动力,分析影响集采工作效果的因素,为政府实施监管及相关决策提供参考。方法:分析14家三级公立医院前五批国家组织集采药品采购情况,基于博弈论的角度,通过构建政府与医院的博弈模型,求出其纳什均衡解。结果:在医院落实集采政策方面,存在政府监管力度不强、公立医院药品报量逐批下降、参与积极性不高等问题。结论:建议优化政府监管机制,加大日常监管力度,完善激励与约束制度,提高医疗机构纯收益等。