Satisfaction of Village Doctors with the Township and Village Health Services Integration Policy in the Western Minority-inhabited Areas of China

Township and Village Health Services Integration Management（TVHSIM） is an essential form of China＇s two-tiered health service integration plan at the township and village level. Its main purpose, also one of the target goals in China＇s new healthcare reform, is to gradually integrate rural health services and appropriately allocate rural health resources. This study aims to assess the village doctors＇ satisfaction with the TVHSIM and provide scientific base to further improve TVHSIM. A cross-sectional study was carried out in which 162 village doctors from Qinghai, Inner Mongolia and Xinjiang in western China were interviewed. Descriptive analysis, independent t-test, one-way ANOVA, Spearman rank correlation and multiple linear regression were used to analyze the difference and relevance between village doctors＇ personal characteristics and their satisfaction with TVHSIM and six subscales. Village doctors with different years of practice, social insurance status and essential medical knowledge level showed statistically significant differences in their satisfaction levels（all P〈0.05）. Age（P〈0.05） and years of practice（P〈0.01） were negatively correlated with Drug and Medical Device Management and Financing Management. Essential medical knowledge level（P〈0.05） was negatively correlated with Operations Management as well. However, social insurance status（P〈0.05） was positively correlated with Human Resources Management and Drug and Medical Device management. Gender, age and years of practice respectively had significant influence on village doctors＇ satisfaction with TVHSIM（P〈0.01）. In conclusion, in order to further promote TVHSIM policy in rural China, a well-rounded social insurance model for village doctors is urgently needed. In addition, the development of TVHSIM is regionally imbalanced. Efficient and effective measures aiming at rationalizing gender and age structure and enhancing essential medical training should be carefully considered.

The Changing Labour Relations during the Period of Economic Reform:A Case Study of Chinese Township and Village Enterprises in Yangtze River Delta

The economic reform launched in the People's Republic of China(China) led to a rapid growth in non-state sectors.Various forms of corporate governances and ownerships emerged during the last two decades,especially the Township and Village Enterprises owned by local residents.This article is conducted on the changing labour relations in Chinese Township and Village Enterprises(TVEs) despite their increasing contributions to China's transition from planned economy to market economy,and studies the labour market and the Labour Law to understand the unique labour mobility and to test the relationship between Human Resource Management(HRM) practice and the performance among TVEs.

Soft Information,Core Competitive Edge and Private Relationship Lending——A Case of Village Banks

In view of the development problems of village banks,through introducing the concept of private relationship lending,the functions of soft information,the channels of village banks for collecting soft information,and the private relationship lending of village banks under Chinese rural human environment of highlighting relationship while despising rationality are proved.According to the recognition standard of core competitive edge,it can be concluded that the core competitive edge of village banks is private relationship lending.In the first place,these kinds of small and medium-sized quarter banks have competitive advantages in launching private relationship lending;in the second place,the lending businesses of village banks based on soft information attracts small and medium clients;in the third place,the private relationship lending has realized the scale economy.Furthermore,the reasons why village banks can not display the core competitive edge have been analyzed:firstly,village banks have not found that private relationship lending is their core competitive edge;secondly,the internal motivation on establishing private relationship lending of village banks is insufficient;thirdly,village banks have not prepared well in developing private relationship lending;The relevant policies and countermeasures are put forward,including transforming idea and vigorously developing private relationship lending;intensifying training and improving the quality of personnel involved;strengthening supervision and avoiding the violation behaviors of personnel involved;emulating experiences and perfecting the private relationship lending mechanism of village banks.

The Poverty Alleviation Model for Poor Nationalities in the Mountainous Areas of Western China: A Case Study of “Promotion for the Entire Lisu Nationality” in Naimu Danxia Village Group

In poor minority areas, poor living conditions, single industrial structure and weak public basic services often lead to a deep degree of poverty. This is the most difficult problem to solve in the fight against poverty. Yunlong Township, Luquan Yi and Miao Autonomous County, which is located in the alpine canyon area of Jinsha River in China, is a semi-closed agricultural township integrating "nationality, mountain area, poverty and backwardness". Located in the Xinshan Village Committee of this township, Naimu Danxia village group is a typical Lisu settlement. It is a key village group with a deep degree of poverty, and the incidence of poverty is 17.00%. In recent years, Naimu Danxia village group has adhered to the direction of unified promotion, internal and external blood creation and resource integration in the poverty alleviation work of the Lisu nationality in Luquan County. It has successfully taken a road of national unity, self-reliance and common poverty alleviation, and formed a unique poverty alleviation model of "promotion for the entire nationality". At the end of 2018, the incidence of poverty dropped to 0, successfully building a "demonstration village of national unity" at the municipal level in Kunming. Based on the field research and interviews, this paper analyzes and summarizes the specific methods, main achievements, practical experience and popularization and application measures regarding the poverty alleviation model of "promotion for the entire Lisu nationality" in the village group. It tries to provide necessary reference for accurate poverty alleviation and poverty eradication in similar minority areas in Yunnan Province and other provinces.

Process and mechanism of rural transformation in the loess hilly-gully region:A case study of Majiabian village in Suide county

Research on rural transformation provides a scientific framework for understanding the process and mechanism of rural development.Deepening the study of rural transformation at the micro level can help reveal the universal model and regulatory path of rural human-land interactions and provide a reference for rural sustainable development.This study constructs a theoretical framework for rural transformation based on the theory of the human-land relationship areal system and selects Majiabian village in Suide county as an example to explore the process and mechanism of typical rural transformation in the loess hilly-gully region through semi-structured interviews and remote sensing image interpretation.The results show that the development of Majiabian village from 1980-2022 can be divided into three stages,i.e.,agricultural decentralization under the orientation of local urbanization(1980-1996),rural hollowing under the orientation of rapid urbanization(1997-2012),and agricultural specialization under the orientation of urban-rural integration(2013-2022),which correspond to the three transition states of SDS2,RDS,and HDS,respectively.Under the long-standing urban-rural dual structure,the siphoning effect and other negative impacts of rapid industrialization and urbanization have caused Majiabian village to deteriorate.Fortunately,with the joint efforts of government policies,village elites,and grassroots organizations,Majiabian village has achieved the process of transformation from decline to revitalization.The experience of Majiabian village provides valuable insights for the transformation and revitalization of general villages across the country.We propose that the capacity for sustainable development in such villages can be enhanced in five ways:strengthening policy support,fostering new agricultural business entities,promoting the two-way free flow of factors between urban and rural areas,strengthening rural social governance,and reinforcing the systematic research and practice of geographic engineering.

社会工作助力数字乡村建设:内在逻辑与可能策略

数字乡村建设是全面实施乡村振兴战略的重要举措。然而,在具体实践过程中可能存在村民主体性难培养、乡村情境性难契合、城乡数字鸿沟难跨越等实践壁垒和现实障碍。其可能原因在于数字技术无法与乡村关系进行有效嵌合,社会工作将关系作为核心内容,贯穿社会工作实务的全过程,在数字乡村建设中发挥着独特的专业优势。基于此,从社会工作助力数字乡村建设的“技术—关系”视角出发,遵循社会关系建设和社区赋能两个方面的内在逻辑,提出可能策略,包括:以激发村民内生动力为内容推进数字乡村可持续发展,以数字友好社区建设为目标推进数字关怀型社区构建,以数字文化相融为切口推进数字乡村文明建设来破解数字乡村建设梗阻,为实现乡村全面振兴提供积极探索。

考虑乡镇集市影响的穿村镇公路事故风险因素辨识

为了改善乡镇集市与穿村镇公路耦合区域的交通安全,以云南省某二级公路穿村镇路段为研究对象,依据乡镇居民可承受出行距离与集市最大交易半径,界定集市核心区与集市辐射区,选取人、车、路、环境、管理及事故形态6个维度的29个风险因素,采用基于关联规则的风险因素辨识模型构建穿村镇公路事故风险因素网络,分析网络拓扑结构特征获取事故关键风险因素。结果表明:集日穿村镇公路事故时空集聚特征显著,且集市核心区交通冲突更为严重,伤人事故概率为57.99%,是事故的主要风险因素,对事故风险传播具有主导作用;直穿村镇路段交通标志缺失与缓坡路段会车不当分别是财产损失事故与伤人事故的直接风险因素;整体上,驾驶员因素平均聚类系数最大,易产生连锁反应,在集市核心区涉及驾驶员会车不当和未按规定让行时,伤人事故概率分别增加23.71%和21.07%。

Relationship between family economic status and dental fluorosis of primary school students in Douqing Minority Village of Shuicheng County,Guizhou Province

Objective To investigate ethnic belonging,family economic status,staple food,dental fluorosis and urinary fluoride level of primary school students in Douqing Minority(Miao and Yi)Village,where is a severe area of coal-burning type of endemic fluorosis,in order to provide a base for diminishing the disease in ethnic minori-

治权分配:村组关系的类型化实践与村级治理塑造机制

村组关系作为村庄治理的基础性环节,制约着村级治理的水平与效能。基于鄂、桂、晋三地的田野调查发现,村组关系呈现三种实践形态:“村强组弱”结构、“组强村弱”结构以及“村组均衡”结构。村组关系的类型化实践遵循三重逻辑,即以村庄社会关联为核心的社会逻辑、以集体产权配置为核心的经济逻辑及以行政介入为核心的行政逻辑,三者分别形塑出村组不同的治理能力。由此,行政村与村民小组的治理功能差异根源于其资源配置能力的差异,本质上是村庄治权在村组之间的不同分配。作为村庄治权的主体,村组共同构成村级治理不可分割的完整性单元,村组之间的治权分配是理解村级治理差异的关键。

安徽省村庄开发强度与景观格局的空间分异及耦合关系研究

综合应用村庄开发强度、景观格局指数和双变量空间自相关模型等方法,分析安徽省村庄开发强度与景观格局的空间分布特点、空间耦合关系及影响因素。结果显示:安徽省村庄开发强度呈现皖北>皖中皖南,村庄景观格局破碎度呈现皖中>皖北>皖南,村庄开发强度与景观格局的空间分布存在明显区域差异,二者空间耦合关系上,皖北没有明显主导类型,皖中以低-高和低-低聚类为主,皖南以低-高聚类为主;村庄开发强度与景观格局的空间分异受自然地理、人类活动和土地利用政策的多重因素影响。最后,根据研究结果提出针对性的对策建议,可为村庄国土空间开发保护、村庄规划编制提供理论方法参考和实践应用借鉴。

乡村秩序的空间基础:一个人地关系的分析框架

村落空间不仅是村庄社会关系运作的背景,而且定义了乡村秩序再生产的底层架构。人地关系是村落空间的基础,且在农民土地利用实践中推动村落空间的功能分化,并逐渐形成生产空间与生活空间的分化与融合、公共空间与私人空间的分化与互通。村落空间兼有自然底色与社会面向,集体土地制度调控维系了村落空间结构的有机整合。城市化进程推动村落空间转型,生产空间与生活空间的分离、公共空间与私人空间的断裂可能导致村落空间的秩序紊乱。为此,须将人地关系纳入集体土地制度调控,在农民流动的社会场景中建构富有包容性和适应性的村落空间秩序。

“管控与指引”导向下的镇村两级规划传导特征辨析——基于6省份编制导则的比较

党的二十大强调以中国式现代化全面推进中华民族的伟大复兴。我国的乡村现代化推进对国家经济社会持续发展与安全稳定具有重要影响,而其空间治理问题的合理解决又是实现城乡要素双向流通、城乡一体化发展、乡村振兴的基础。在我国国土空间规划体系中,镇村两级规划与乡村地区空间治理密切相关,二者之间的传导是否通畅,极大地影响规划实施与空间治理的效力。基于此,本文着重从“管控”与“指引”两维度比较研究6省份的乡镇级国土空间规划导则与实用性村庄规划导则,梳理出镇村两级规划传导的特征与问题,尝试提出优化策略,以期为乡村地区空间治理现代化的实现提供新思路。

农村的“股份化”与“城镇化”——郊区农村集体产权制度改革的个案研究

作为集体产权制度改革的重要组成部分,“农村股份制”改革看似给乡村社会带来了颇具内在矛盾的多重影响,实则在具体社会情境下,与其他宏观结构因素一起,共同导向了城镇化这一后果。在郊区农村,这项改革一方面导致了农民-农村关系的“金融化”转型,使农民的集体权益脱嵌于其对村集体的行政依附,为他们的城镇化迁移创造了新的机会结构;另一方面,农村股份制隐含的独立法人资格为村集体强化组织能动性提供了制度支撑,而股息分红的压力也使得这一类城市周边农村成为专注于土地经营的市场法人主体,嵌入当地土地城镇化的实践场域中。由此,郊区农村股份化成了城镇化机制的一部分。来自农村一端对城镇化机制的能动塑造也启发我们去反思城镇化研究中的过度“城市中心主义”取向。

人际关系对乡村教师教育信念的影响:教学效能感的中介作用

为探索乡村教师人际关系与教育信念之间的关系及其作用机制,采用问卷调查法,以人际关系量表、教学效能感量表、教育信念量表为测量工具,对全国7个省份的7517名乡村教师进行调查,以SPSS软件进行数据分析和处理。研究发现,乡村教师的教育信念呈现中等偏上水平,教学效能感呈现较高水平,而人际关系呈现相对较低水平;乡村教师人际关系、教学效能感、教育信念两两均呈显著正相关,乡村教师的人际关系、教学效能感对教育信念具有直接预测作用;在乡村教师人际关系影响教育信念的过程中,教学效能感能够充当部分中介作用。基于研究结论,提高乡村教师的教育信念需要对以下三个方面进行系统设计:改善人际关系、提升教学效能感、深化“局内人”身份认同。

辽南海岛型村落空间结构特征分析

要辽南长山群岛位于辽宁省大连市,其四面环海的地理特征导致其村落的生产、生活功能紧密依附自然环境,并在此发展着独特的人居模式。作为一种自诞生就与大陆相隔的生态系统,其空间上的功能组成与结构特征与当地特殊的自然环境紧密相连,具有鲜明的环境特征,海岛型村落则是特殊自然环境下体现人地关系的代表性人居场所。该文结构上采用“宏观—中观—微观”的思维逻辑,对辽南长山群岛整体进行调查研究,并以“人地关系”为出发点,采用一系列图底关系的研究方式对村落各类型空间进行分析并总结出其结构特征,为海岛型村落未来的保护与更新提供设计思路。

规则下乡何以促进村庄自主性——基于浙东张村的田野调查

增强村庄自主性是实现村庄治理能力现代化的有效途径。通过对浙东张村田野调查,基于规则下乡赋予的自主空间,进一步促进了村庄自主性,服务村庄有效完成了国家治理任务和回应群众诉求。规则下乡促进村庄自主性的形成,具体表现为创新执行上级实质性工作、灵活应对上级形式化工作、精准实施内生实质性工作和简约开展内生形式化工作。规则下乡促进村庄自主性的形成机制主要为:适度组织嵌入激活组织动员,推动村庄主动完成治理任务和回应群众诉求;灵活资源嵌入提升治理能力,赋予村庄有效增强治理能力和营造自主空间;科学考评嵌入推动政策执行,引导村庄科学配置治理资源和调试治理方式。

乡村医生“乡聘村用”政策执行困境与提升路径研究——基于史密斯模型

目的:基于乡村医生“乡聘村用”政策实施现状,探讨分析我国当下“乡聘村用”政策执行困境并提出优化路径,为推动政策进一步落实提供参考。方法:在史密斯模型基本原理指导下,采用逻辑分析法、文献资料法等剖析有关政策与文献,归纳出与现行“乡聘村用”政策实施有关的问题并提供相应的建议与参考。结果:乡村医生“乡聘村用”政策在实践中取得了一定进展,但缺乏完善的法律法规体系、政策执行主体之间缺乏协同机制、目标群体对“乡聘村用”政策知晓程度低、“乡聘村用”政策配套措施不完善等因素影响“乡聘村用”政策的实施。结论:加强政策顶层设计,完善法律法规体系;明晰执行主体权责范围,构建现代化协同治理体系;提升目标群体关注度,扩大政策受众覆盖面;多措并举,优化政策执行环境。

基于GIS的景村协同特征与机制研究——以河南省为例

本研究以河南省为研究案例区,运用空间数量关系和空间质量关系模型定量分析A级景区与特色村镇空间关系,并基于交通通达度、运用核密度分析、缓冲区分析等方法,对河南省A级景区与特色村镇协同发展特征与机制进行探讨.主要结论如下:在数量关系上,河南省特色村镇与A级景区之间的数量空间关系整体较为显著;在质量空间关系上,特色村镇与A级景区质量空间协调度处于基本协调水平,二者质量空间耦合关系处于良好耦合协调发展水平;在协同发展关系上,交通通达度、旅游经济、河流等对特色村镇与A级景区协同发展具有重要的正向影响.

供需视角下的传统村落旅居康养路径研究——以南昌为例

乡村旅居康养是以乡村康养服务体系和旅居生活方式为核心,倡导“康养、社交、度假、文娱”新时代旅居理念,并成为一种新的康养生活方式。通过对城市中老年人的问卷调查,了解城市中老年人对乡村旅居康养的认知度和需求度。通过对南昌市13个传统村落的实地勘察,分析其传统村落中的村民意愿及康养资源、公共服务设施现状情况,由此发现南昌市传统村落旅居康养的供需矛盾,分析传统村落在旅居康养供给中面临的问题和困境,并提出相对应的改善措施以优化供需平衡,从而推动传统村落的保护发展,以期为其他传统村落的旅居康养空间规划设计提供借鉴。