The Empirical Analysis on Cognitive Degree of the Restaurant Industry to ＂Replace the Business Tax with Value-added Tax＂

The restaurant is traditional industry of the third industry in our country. Since May 1 in this year, China＇s Restaurant Industry to implement ＂replace the business tax with value-added tax＂ policy and change to pay VAT. This paper analyzed the possible impact on restaurant industry after the＂ replace the business tax with value-added tax＂ based on the understanding of the tax theory of＂ replace the business tax with value-added tax＂ and the tax compliance in our country. At the same time, this paper used the statistical analysis of data on the investigation of 100 samples of the VAT cognitive degree on ＂replace the business tax with value-added tax＂, using principal component analysis method to analyze and evaluate factors on the awareness of the restaurant owner to ＂replace the business tax with value-added tax＂ tax policy. After multiple comparison made on the sample data, this paper summarized and analyzed the countermeasures of improving the pushing effect in restaurant industry ＂replace the business tax with VAT ＂.

Analysis on the Influence of "Replacement of Business Tax by Value-added Tax" on the Cost of Highway Projects

The"replacement of business tax by VAT reform"(hereby refer to as"VAT reform"for short)is a newly promulgated and implemented tax policy,and its impact on various industries in China is very different,and the highway project industry is no exception.The implementation of the"VAT reform"will not only have a positive impact on the cost of highway projects,but will also have some negative impacts.For this reason,highway project construction corporates must actively respond.The author explores and analyzes the positive and negative effects of the"VAT reform"on the cost of highway projects,and proposes a reform strategy for highway project cost work under the background of the"VAT reform",in hope of helping with bringing out the intrinsic value of highway project cost management work.

The Impacts of Tax Procedures Reform on Business Environment in Vietnam： Achievements and Further Reforms

Tax procedures are factors that strongly affect the business environment. A simple and convenient tax procedures system will contribute to a good business environment by easing of tax returns preparation, reducing tax compliance costs, and preventing corruption. This paper examines the results and impacts of previous tax procedures reform on Vietnam＇s business environment, identifies challenges of tax procedures reform now and the coming years, and discusses areas where further reforms are needed to sustain tax revenue and reduce compliance costs including： （1） wansparent and comprehensive guidance to all tax laws and other legal tax documents; （2） widening the application of risk management in tax administration; （3） continuing simplification of tax procedures; and （4） development of IT in tax administration.

The Impact of the ＂Replace the Business Tax with VAT＂ on the Enterprises Tax Burden

Since 2012, China has started to carry out pilot work on ＂Replace the Business Tax with VAT＂ in Shanghai, and in the same year expanded the scope of implementation in 8 provinces and municipalities. From August 2013, ＂Replace the Business Tax with VAT＂ were carried out nationwide. From May 1st, 2016, China will fully implement the pilot reform and increase the construction industry, real estate industry, financial industry, and life service industry into pilots. At this point, business tax will be withdrawn from the stage of history. VAT system will be more standardized. The large-scale promotion and implementation of ＂Replace the Business Tax with VAT＂ has not only eliminated the problem of double taxation, but has also achieved the major goal of structural tax cuts. The in-depth implementation of the taxation reform has played an active role in promoting the establishment of a sound taxation system in China, promoting the upgrading of China＇s industries, and optimizing the economic structure. It has important implications for creating a fair tax environment interiorly and promoting the development of social economy. In this paper, the quantitative study on whether the tax burden of the enterprise has been reduced after the ＂Replace the Business Tax with VAT＂ has been verified, to verify the policy effect of ＂Replace the Business Tax with VAT＂. at the same time, it can also provide some suggestions for enterprises to tax administration.

Research on Optimizing the Tax Business Environment - Taking Shunde Taxation Bureau's Innovation Reform as an Example

Since 2013,optimizing the business environment has become China's national strategy.In recent years,the Party and the government have continuously introduced a series of new measures such as the'"streamline administration,delegate power,strengthen regulation,and improve services55 reform to promote the continuous optimization of the business environment.As an important part of the business environment,the tax business environment is of great significance to improve the business environment and promote economic development.By analyzing the current situation of the tax business environment in China,this article discusses the existing problems in the process of optimizing tax business environment in China.Taking Shunde Taxation Bureau's innovative reform of tax business environment optimization as an example,this article introduces the practical innovation and promotion of optimizing tax business environment from four aspects:promoting convenience,digitalization,legalization,and intensive reform,in order to provide relevant experience for the optimization of tax business environment in other areas of China.

国地税合并与企业创新——抑制还是促进?

本文基于2013—2021年沪深A股上市公司数据,使用双重差分模型评估了国地税合并对企业创新的影响。研究发现:国地税合并总体上显著促进了企业创新,这一结论在进行一系列稳健性检验后依旧成立。机制和异质性分析表明,国地税合并通过征税渠道抑制了企业创新,但通过治理渠道和税收营商环境渠道促进了企业创新,且促进作用在信息透明度较低、公司治理水平较低、地区营商环境较差的企业中更为显著。进一步分析发现,国地税合并提高了企业创新质量和创新效率,兼具“提质”和“增效”双重效应。本文结论表明,统一、规范的税收征管有助于激发企业创新活力,为深化税收征管改革、建设现代化财税体系提供了经验支持。

“营改增”对高技术服务业企业投资的影响--基于准自然实验的证据

以中国A股市场高技术服务业企业2009—2016的数据为样本,本文采用多时点DID探究“营改增”这一准自然实验对高技术服务企业投资水平的影响。研究表明,“营改增”的实施对高技术服务企业投资水平具有显著的正向促进效应,这一结论经过PSM-DID以及更换被解释变量的稳健性检验后依然成立。研究结论证实了“营改增”的落地可以激励高技术服务企业投资水平的提升,为后续深入推进税收优惠改革提供了一定的参考。

The Stagnant Export Upgrading in Northeast China:Evidence from Value-added Tax Reform

China's 2004 value-added tax(VAT)pilot reform in the Northeast region,which changed the VAT from production type to consumption type,introduced a sizable tax credit for fixed investment in manufacturing industries,leading to more investment and higher productivity at firm level.This paper,however,uses difference-in-difference estimation and finds a negative structural effect;that is,the VAT pilot reform leads to a reduction in the export sophistication of Northeast cities relative to other cities in China,and the results hold for a battery of robustness checks.It is found that resources are reallocated towards less-sophisticated industries.As the products with higher export sophistication are more skill and research and development(R&D)intensive,the shortfalls of skilled labor and R&D spending hinder the upgrading process.With a new round of revitalization plans in the Northeast,policymakers should be cautious with similar structural effects and focus on increasing skilled labor supply and R&D investment.

The realistic choice to replace business tax with VAT in China’s financial industry

It has become a global problem to levy the standard value-added tax(VAT)on financial services.Due to the infeasibility of credit input VATs by invoice,it is infeasible to build a standard VAT system in this field.If the government has to levy VAT on financial services,a practical choice is to adopt an account book method,which is to levy the special tax base through the account book using a single-rate.Meanwhile,it is not allowed to credit input VATs in this method.This kind of VAT is in effect a business tax.Due to the government’s authorized monopoly,there is no so-called over-taxation in China’s financial sector.As a result,the reform of“Replacing Business Tax with VAT”in finance should proceed without changing the original tax burden.After having conducted abundant research and statistical analyses,as for the VAT rate,9%is advised.The original way of levying taxes on the full amount of value is suggested to supplant with a new means of levying taxes on added value,with a slightly raised tax ratio,to reduce the tax base.

财政压力、目标动员与地方高质量发展

基于目标动员的有效视角,借助2013—2020年的省级面板数据,本文利用熵权法测度地方高质量发展水平,并在此基础上以2016年全面“营改增”作为准自然实验,构造强度DID模型探究财政压力对地方高质量发展水平的影响。结果显示,第一,我国地方高质量发展的绝对水平偏低、提升缓慢且存在一定程度的地区差异;第二,全面“营改增”引致的财政压力促进了地方高质量发展;第三,机制分析表明,财政压力通过促使地方政府优化财政支出结构促进了地方高质量发展,并且政策效应呈现逐年增大的趋势。

营商环境、地方政府税收努力与企业税收遵从

营商环境优化能够改变政府与市场之间的博弈均衡,有助于政府提高最优税收努力水平,进而提升国家财政能力。构建“政府-企业”两部门Stackelberg博弈模型作为理论分析框架,利用我国行政审批制度改革作为地方政府优化营商环境的“准自然实验”,匹配中国工业企业数据库,对优化营商环境与地方财政能力之间的因果关系进行实证检验。研究发现:行政审批制度改革代表的营商环境优化有助于提升地方财政能力,表现为企业税收遵从的显著提升;在所得税由地税局管辖的企业、民营企业以及规模较小的企业,这种效应更加明显,从而证实了营商环境优化影响地方政府税收努力进而提高企业税收遵从的理论机制。研究结论对于从优化营商环境的路径提升国家财政能力提供了政策启示。

全面抗战时期广东营业税改革及其影响

全面抗战爆发后,国民政府与各地方政府调整财政税收政策,以增加财政收入。广东省政府将营业税视为增收的重要途径,并积极改革营业税制度。1942年,国民政府重新划分国地财政收支体系,接办广东营业税,并进行相应的改革。广东营业税由中央接办后,在支应中央财政、扩充直接税体系和反哺地方财政等方面发挥了积极作用。全面抗战时期广东营业税改革,是国民政府统一税制、实行中央财政集权的重要环节。战争带来的财政压力,客观上增强了中央政府与地方政府改革财政管理体制、优化税收制度的动力。

“营改增”对企业创新的影响研究:理论与实证

本文以“营改增”为准自然实验,运用全国企业税收调查微观数据,使用双重差分法考察了这一税制改革对企业创新的理论影响与作用机制。实证结果表明:首先,“营改增”显著促进了企业的创新投入和创新产出,这一结论在经过替换度量指标和安慰剂检验等稳健性检验后依然成立。其次,机制分析表明,“营改增”通过自主研发效应和分工外包效应两个渠道促进了企业创新。最后,本文从三个维度进行拓展性分析发现:一是“营改增”显著促进了中小企业的研发外包,对研发外包依赖型企业的促进效应更突出;二是“营改增”显著促进了企业的绿色低碳创新,并主要通过促使未开展绿色低碳创新的企业投身绿色低碳创新来实现;三是“营改增”对“专精特新”企业的创新促进效应更大,但对小微企业的影响较小。本文从理论层面探讨了“营改增”对企业不同视角下的创新效应,并全面分析了“营改增”对企业创新的影响。

“营改增”对劳动力个体就业的影响研究

以2010—2017年中国综合社会调查数据中劳动力个体为研究对象,基于“营改增”政策的准自然实验,采用双重差分法分析了其对劳动力个体就业的影响,以评估减税降费政策的社会福利效应,并考察其影响就业的具体机制。研究结果表明:“营改增”政策会提升试点地区劳动力个体的就业概率,机制在于优化产业结构;“营改增”政策对就业的影响在政策实施的第二年达到峰值,之后随着试点范围的扩大而逐渐减弱。异质性分析显示,“营改增”政策对劳动力个体就业的影响在不同受教育水平、性别和户籍群体间存在差异,表明精准的政策实施更有利于促进就业,优化就业结构。研究结论有助于在理论上甄别“营改增”影响就业的机理,在实践中为就业促进政策的制定与调整提供有益借鉴。

税收激励与企业资本结构——基于“营改增”政策的证据

税收激励是影响企业资本结构的关键因素。基于中国A股上市公司数据,分析考察“营改增”政策如何影响企业杠杆率,结果表明:该项政策显著提升了非金融企业的总体杠杆率,相比于交通运输业,政策效应在现代服务业中更为明显。机制分析表明,“营改增”政策通过增加企业经营现金流量促进企业进行资本结构调整、提高杠杆率,符合资本结构权衡理论。异质性分析发现,这一影响效果主要表现在强研发能力、高盈利水平、轻资产和负债不足的企业中,相较于不受“营改增”政策影响的企业,实施“营改增”政策的企业的资本结构调整速度明显加快。研究为税收优化资源配置提供了一定经验证据,也为未来减税政策的优化调整提供了政策思考。

业财融合视角下业务场景教学改革探索与实践——以“业务税务管理”课程为例

“以数治税”对企业税务人员提出了转型新目标,也对高职院校税收类课程的教学提出了改革新要求。湖南财经工业职业技术学院“业务税务管理”课程以业务场景为基础,以业务流、知识流、数据流、核算流为主线,实施业务场景教学改革,在课程体系、教学资源、教学方法等三个方面开展创新性研究与实践,对高职税收类课程及财经专业课程的教学改革具有借鉴意义。

浅析“营改增”后市政单位设施成本管理

营改增是国家在深化经济改革中作出的重要战略部署,深化营改增政策落实,能加强企业、单位财税体制改革,降低企业单位的税务成本压力。在市政单位运行中,营改增改革还使得企业的设施成本管理受到影响。文章立足市政单位运营实际,阐述营改增对市政单位设施会计核算、造价管理等工作的具体影响,结合单位设施成本管理问题,提出市政单位需要科学开展税务筹划工作,加强工程项目细节管理,严控工程项目的管理流程,并深化信息技术应用,才能提升单位设施成本管理水平,适应营改增大环境要求,推动市政单位的持续、稳步发展。

不动产登记“交房即交证”服务的设计与实现

为深化落实“互联网+不动产登记”改革要求,针对新建商品房转移登记提出了全新的设计思路和技术路线,并对广州市不动产统一登记平台进行了升级改造。通过协同住建、税务、登记等部门,加强政企联动,采用活体人脸识别、可信电子签章、网上支付、信息互联互通、不见面审批等技术和手段,实现购房人收房即拿证,解决过去办证周期长和办证麻烦的困扰,打造智慧便民暖心不动产登记。通过“交房即交证”服务实施,总结并提出交易、登记、税务等环节进一步改革的建议,持续提升社会群众购房、收房和办证体验。

税收努力对金融发展的影响研究

搜集2002—2021年31个省区市的非平衡面板数据,运用LASSO回归测度税收努力,构建非线性计量模型考察税收努力与金融发展的关系。结果发现:税收努力与金融发展存在显著的倒U形关系,而财政缺口对二者关系起负向调节作用,经内生性处理和一系列稳健性检验后仍成立。异质性检验发现,消费税、西部地区、低出口退税率地区的税收努力与金融发展存在明显的倒U形关系,增值税税收努力决定了总税收努力对金融发展的负面影响。因此,在未来推进金融发展的过程中,既要保持适度税收努力,稳定财政缺口,又要规范地方政府行为,合理界定政府与市场的边界,为地方金融发展创造良好环境,助力实体经济高质量发展。

人力资本为主型服务业增值税制的问题及其解决

人力资本为主型服务业的增值税税负存在着较营改增之前减负不明显甚至税负加重的问题,例如律师服务业、文化教育业、科研与软件开发业等均存在这种情况。虽然营改增已经很长时间了,但人力资本为主型服务业增值税制所存在的这种问题仍然没有得到合理解决。出现这种问题的主要原因在于人力资本为主型服务业增值税的抵扣效应不明显或无法发挥以及没有妥当地考虑人力资本的进项因素的抵扣。而合理解决这种问题的方法路径可以有三:一是对人力资本为主型服务业降低税率或增加加计抵减;二是允许将工资薪金作为进项税税基并由用人单位计抵进项税;三是从长远看应当取消增值税并将整体税制改革成以所得税为主体以调节税为辅助的税制体系。