Discussion on Registration Validity Doctrine of Housing Land Use Right

Relationship between the registration and right change of housing land use right is not clearly stipulated in the Property Law. Land registration involves functions of private law and public law. It is partial to only considering private rights dimension when deciding whether registration validity doctrine or registration confrontation doctrine should be implemented in housing land use right. Compilation of land use planning, implementation of land use control and promotion of arrangement project in rural residential area all rely on sound and complete housing land registration data. To clarify housing land right adscription, eliminate hidden troubles causing housing land dispute and promote the establishment of harmonious countryside can never be achieved without housing land registration data. To carry out registration validity doctrine of housing land use right can effectively guide farmers' registration behavior and thus build a perfect registration information system of housing land use right. After the cross-village and even cross-town arrangement in rural residential areas, rural acquaintance society has transformed into semi-acquaintance society and even stranger society. Therefore, housing land use right commending its existence with registration in public form has been a necessary choice in legislation.

Timberland Investing and Private Property Rights in the United States of America

Investments in rural land for agriculture, timber, and other natural resource purposes occur frequently and globally. Fundamental principles of liberty and property found in the United States of America’s (“US”) legal system, from its origins to recent US Supreme Court decisions, continue to positively benefit holders of real estate in the Southern US, through a deep-rooted public policy of supporting private property rights and rural economic development. This stable rule of law enhances the long-term adaptability and sustainability of timberland as an asset class. This article is a commentary. It combines legal research methodology with the observations and conclusions of the authors. Its purpose is to demonstrate that the existence of alienable, documentable ownership, and related property rights create inherent stability and security. These principles form the basis of a culture that is defined by the rule of law and is “open for business.” This business mindset is particularly prevalent in the Southern US.

Simulation of urban affordable housing land-use evolution based on CA-MAS model

In order to simulate the evolution of affordable housing land use a dynamic model that combines cellular automata CA and a multi-agent system MAS is established.This paper aims to utilize the approach of decision factors on site selection of affordable housing through a literature review to construct a hierarchy model of those factors identifying the weight of each factor by an analytic hierarchy process AHP .Based on those weight factors the CA-MAS model is designed. Nanjing city is taken as an example to verify the feasibility of the model.The results show that the CA-MAS model is pragmatic and effective in simulating evolution of affordable housing land use which also promotes the fundamental understanding and perception of the development of affordable housing and urbanization.

Study on Circulation and Management of Rural Land Use Right

Currently,agriculture and rural economy have entered a new development stage. According to market demands and comparative advantages of regional resources,strategic adjustment of agricultural structure and realizing transformation from traditional agriculture to modern agriculture have become primary tasks. Land is the essential element of agricultural production,making innovation upon rural land use system and establishing flexible and effective land circulation system concern efficiency and optimization of agricultural resource allocation and development of rural element market. With more and more farmers engaged in secondary and tertiary industries,land left by those farmers is circulated to those farmers willing to do farming. Rural land circulation is inevitable trend of economic and social development,but it is a progressive process. To realize smooth rural land circulation,there must be standardized system.

Developing the Commons: Models of Rural Land Trust in China

In recent years,experiments on land trusts(xin tuo)have been made in the rural areas of China.To better understand such practice,this research identifies four case studies based on their operational structures and divides them into government-led models and market-led models.The government-led models include the Yiyang Model in Hunan Province,and the Longgang Model in Hubei Province.The market-led models include the Suzhou Model in Anhui Province,and the Golden Field Series Model in Jiangsu Province.This paper compares their profit-sharing mechanisms with specific attention given to the incentives for the villagers.Findings suggest that the villagers’profits are limited in both models.The government-led models concern less about profits but more on reusing the desolated agricultural land.The market-led models are profit-driven therefore tend to exclude the villagers from the profit-sharing process.

A Contribution to a Better Understanding of Global Land Grabbing＇s Impact on Employment and Environmental Threats

In the last two decades, the global interest on farmland grew at a remarkable pace. As a consequence, million hectares of land exchanged hands. The ways the transfers happened combined with their geographic concentration in Sub-Saharian Africa, have earned the phenomenon the name of ＂land grab＂. The agricultural sector considered a ＂sunset industry＂ when commodities prices were declining, is now attractive to financial investors. These foreign investments may be good as they may improve agricultural productivity or instead bad as they may benefit only financial investors. Some results in terms of environmental and local communities＇ worsening conditions have already emerged. This paper aims to investigate what drives the big size transfers of land, to empirically estimate their effects in terms of local employment and to assess the environmental effects produced by the rapid transformation in the use of vast amount of land in terms of CO2 emissions. It is also proposed to use the estimation in terms of local employment impact as a way of distinguishing between foreign direct investment and land grabbing.

SECURITY OF USE RIGHT FOR FOREST LAND AND COMMUNITY FORESTRY-A Case Study of the CompensatedTransfer of Use Right over CollectiveWasteland in Yao'an County

1Background1.1BasicsituationofstudysiteYao'ancountyislocatedinthenorthwesternpartofcentralYunnanplateau.ItisoneoftheimportantgrainProductionbasecountiesofYunnanProvince.HanandYiarethemainethnicgroupsinthisprovince.BanliuAdministrativeVillagebelongsto...

The coupling characteristics and mechanism of farmland and rural housing land transition in China

Land use transition refers to the changes in land use morphology （both dominant morphology and recessive morphology） of a certain region over a certain period of time driven by socio-economic change and innovation, and it usually corresponds to the transition of socio-economic development phase. In China, farmland and rural housing land are the two major sources of land use transition. This paper analyzes the spatio-temporal coupling characteristics of farmland and rural housing land transition in China, using high-resolution Landsat TM （Thematic Mapper） data in 2000 and 2008, and the data from the Ministry of Land and Resources of China. The outcomes indicated that： （1） during 2000-2008, the correlation coefficient of farmland vs. rural housing land change is -0.921, and it shows that the change pattern of farmland and rural housing land is uncoordinated; （2） the result of Spearman rank correlation analysis shows that rural housing land change has played a major role in the mutual transformation of farmland and rural housing land; and （3） it shows a high-degree spatial coupling between farmland and rural housing land change in southeast China during 2000-2008. In general, farmland and rural housing land transition in China is driven by socio-economic, bio-physical and managerial three-dimensional driving factors through the interactions among rural population, farmland and rural housing land. However, the spatio-temporal coupling phenomenon and mechanism of farmland and rural housing land transition in China are largely due to the ＂dual-track＂ structure of rural-urban development.

Expansion and Change of Rural Settlements in Traditional Agricultural Regions:Based on Village Investigation in Pingdu County

The rural settlements accounted for a great proportion of overall building land in China,but it still expanded in recent years along with urbanization and gradually decreasing rural population.To explore the reason for this phenomenon,an analy- sis has been made based on the investigation in a traditional agri- cultural region.This study found that socioeconomic factors,in- cluding the scale of families and its quantity,the improvement of rural public infrastructure,the change of population and the pres- sure of arable land,have effects on the expansion.The view on land tenure which has shaped in farmers minds in the long haul makes them dispose their houses cautiously,and this was the main cause of the fact that one household own more than one plot.In addition,the limitations of rural land institution are unconducive to inspiriting the transfer of farmers' building land and redevel- opment of the idle housing land.

MLR: Scheme of Establishing Pilots for Rental Housing Construction on Collective-Owned Construction Land Use in 11 Cities Approved

On Jan.25,2018,the Ministry of Land and Resources(MLR)declared that the Scheme of Establishing Pilots for Rental Housing Construction on Collective-Owned Construction Land Use in 11Cities including Shenyang,Nanjing,Hangzhou,etc.,has been approved.MLR emphasized that the pilot areas should follow the principle of house for living,not for speculation.And according

宅基地使用权依托农房转让的制度沿革、司法裁判与实践创新

宅基地使用权依托农房转让的制度沿革经历了从允许到限制的转变,体现了政府政策的强制驱动和利益诱导的结合。宅基地使用权依托农房转让的司法裁判具有明显的被动性,农户在集体经济组织外部转让农房时,法院一般会认定该转让合同无效,但司法政策又为宅基地改革预留了政策空间,体现了原则性与灵活性的统一。在宅基地使用权依托农房转让的实践创新中,国家并没有直接废除宅基地使用权依托农房限制转让的既有路径,径行允许转让,而是秉持审慎原则,独辟蹊径。试点地区宅基地使用权依托农房转让下受让人范围拓展,与集体经营性建设用地入市衔接,与宅基地资格权退出耦合及与宅基地入股、合作打通,均体现了对宅基地使用权权能受限的克服。

宅基地资格权的政策意蕴、实践探索与法律构造

宅基地制度从“两权分置”向“三权分置”发展,衍生出宅基地资格权并将其作为宅基地权利构造之关键。宅基地资格权作为“保障宅基地农户资格权”这一改革要求的权利载体,是“两权分置”下宅基地使用权中身份性权利的权利载体,也是“三权分置”下实现农民“户有所居”的关键抓手。农户作为保障宅基地资格权的主体指向,通过设置宅基地资格权以实现在住的方面的基本保障功能。相关实践探索彰显出宅基地资格权的典型特征并可从中归纳出宅基地资格权的认定条件、认定程序、权利内容。面对宅基地“三权分置”改革所面临的易引发农户基本住房需求保障风险、实质弱化宅基地权利中身份性内容的风险以及将保障功能极端化的风险,需要重新厘定宅基地资格权的内涵,在立法上独立设置宅基地资格权,建立宅基地资格权认定规则,强化宅基地资格权内容设计,实现宅基地资格权制度的系统构造。

“三权分置”下农村宅基地流转的路径选择与规则建构

农村宅基地流转是实现宅基地“三权分置”的重要内容,其路径选择与规则建构对于宅基地“三权分置”的有效实现具有重要意义和价值。宅基地的“保障功能”和“福利性”决定了农村宅基地权利不能单独流转,“房地分离”理论不符合房屋与土地的天然附合,“房地一体”的天然属性决定了房地权利必然一并流转,房带动地流转成为“三权分置”下宅基地流转的路径选择。宅基地使用权在该流转中是一种由《民法典》宅基地使用权分化出来的以使用和收益为内容的用益物权,其应当是有偿、有期限的,类似于“土地经营权”的用益物权。文章以浙江省象山县宅基地改革实践为基础,明确“确权是基础、赋能是核心、机制是关键、保障为根本”的理念,并以此为基础对农民宅基地流转进行规则建构和机制完善。

宅基地使用权抵押问题的审视与厘正

抵押是实现用益物权收益权能的重要手段,允许宅基地使用权抵押符合宅基地“三权分置”改革中放活宅基地使用权的实践需求,也是城镇化进程中赋予农民更多财产权利的必要手段。结合我国各地宅基地使用权抵押试点的现实做法,我国应在房地一体及抵押登记的原则下设计科学可行的抵押规则。具体而言,应当基于确权登记确定适格的抵押人,将申请抵押前提限定在抵押财产外申请人仍有其他稳定居所;在宅基地使用权担保价值方面,应建立宅基地使用权价值评估平台,规范评估担保价值;考虑到宅基地资格权的身份限制及保障农民基本生活权益的需求,建议引用强制管理理念创新抵押权实现方式,同时逐步放宽抵押财产受让人范围,并通过设定赎回权为农户创设回复宅基地使用权的渠道。

农村房地一体宅基地地籍调查与确权登记的思考与建议

推进房地一体宅基地确权登记,是夯实农村土地制度改革基础、促进乡村全面振兴的重大举措,是促进农村农业发展的重要保障。自然资源管理部门稳妥有序地推进房地一体宅基地确权登记,农村不动产登记工作取得了长足进展,为促进农村农业发展和乡村振兴提供了重要保障。但是目前房地一体宅基地发证过程中面临宅基地形成时间跨度大、权源资料不全、权利主体模糊、面积超标等问题,导致具备登记发证条件的宅基地占比低、地籍调查成果更新困难。本文梳理我国农村宅基地确权登记发证制度历史沿革,总结本轮宅基地确权登记发证工作的经验与做法,对当前工作难点进行了分析,并基于已有工作提出进一步推进农村房地一体宅基地确权登记的对策与建议。

无人机倾斜摄影测量技术在农村房地一体确权项目中的应用研究

倾斜摄影测量技术是一种通过多角度拍摄地面物体,然后利用摄影测量原理进行三维重建的技术,它可以在农村土地登记测绘过程中发挥重要作用。文章通过无人机航拍获取地形、地貌、建筑物等信息,形成高精度、高分辨率的影像数据,通过对航拍的影像进行处理,可以生成数字正射影像图和三维实景模型,进而得到测区线划图,最终实现为农村土地确权提供准确的基础数据的目的。实验结果表明,将该技术应用于农村土地确权项目中具有可行性,成果精度满足规范要求。

Comparative Study on Temporary Shelter Planning After Earthquake: With the Plate-Houses Construction After Wenchuan Earthquake as an Example

After the Wenchuan earthquake of 2008 in Sichuan, China, in order to meet the demand for temporary and transitional houses, Chinese government organized the construction of a great number of plate-houses that played an important role at the time. This paper conducts a comparative study between the plate-houses constructed after Wenchuan earthquake and the temporary shelters in other countries on aspects including planning layout, area index, social psychology, economic cost, etc. In the Wenchuan case, statistics show that the FAR of the plate-house residential area is around 0.4, the number of supporting houses makes up 20% in the total house sets, the average floor area of each house is about 25 m^2 that occupies a land area of 60 m^2, and the per capita planned floor area is 7 m^2, which is far above the international recommended minimum standard of 3.5 m^2. Even if the area for residence, school, hospital, and other land use functions are all counted, the per capita planed land use area of China's plate-house area is still above the international recommended minimum standard, which is 30 m^2. This paper holds that China has been capable of the planning and construction of the physical space of plate-house, but the holistic concept and the systematic arrangement level still need further promotion.

后农业税时代农地权利体系与运行机理研究论纲——以对我国十省农地问题立法调查为基础

农地权利体系是以集体土地所有权为基础,派生出土地承包经营权,集体建设用地使用权,宅基地使用权,地役权,自留地、自留山使用权和债权性农地使用权的权利体系。同时,由集体土地所有权衍生出征收征用补偿权、农民的社会保障权和成员权、土地发展权等保障农地权利实现的权利。各项农地权利的运行机理以及法律救济有其内在的特点和规律。

论新农村建设与农村宅基地合理利用

从农村宅基地利用管理的角度出发,总结了新农村建设对我国农村宅基地利用与管理的新要求,分析了我国农村宅基地利用与管理的现状及存在的主要问题,并提出通过改革现行农村宅基地产权制度、完善管理制度和促进宅基地合理利用的对策措施来加强农村宅基地的利用与管理,以适应社会主义新农村建设的需要。

宅基地使用权初始取得制度研究

研究目的:检讨现行宅基地使用权的初始取得制度,为中国相关制度的设计提供建议。研究方法:历史研究法、法经济学分析法、实证分析法。研究结论:中国现行宅基地使用权制度过分强调行政审批在宅基地使用权初始取得中的作用。基于宅基地使用权的用益物权属性,应当按照他物权取得的基本原理重构宅基地使用权初始取得制度,明确农村土地所有权人的地位,并在公示方法上采用占有和登记两种方法。