The Dissemination, Acceptance and Evolution of The Romance of the Three Kingdoms in Japan

As one of the Four Great Masterpieces of China,The Romance of the Three Kingdoms has become a landmark of ancient Chinese literature with vivid and profound character images,ups and downs of politics and war descriptions,and appealing historical plots.After being introduced to Japan in the second half of the 17th century,it was spread in Japanese society and was accepted for literary value,social needs and other reasons,then a series of evolutions were produced by combining with local culture,eventually becoming a national culture in Japan.This paper selects the most popular text of The Romance of the Three Kingdoms with 24 chapters and 120 verses in the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty,and the Japanese translation of The Popular Romance of the Three Kingdoms published by Hunan Wenshan in 1689 as the objects,guided by Ralph Linton’s“Manifestation,Selection,Integration”cultural communication research method,to analyze the dissemination,acceptance and evolution of The Romance of the Three Kingdoms in 17-20 centuries’Japan,which started from the field of literature,then combined with various cultural forms and spread to the civic class,and finally entered politics area and produced a series of evolutions under the influence of Japanese values to become the representative culture of Japan.This paper suggests that in today’s world of frequent cultural exchanges,China should,based on strengthening cultural self-confidence,actively and appropriately select and accept foreign cultures with the attitude of prioritizing our own culture and utilizing foreign culture for our own purposes.The research outcome can provide experience for the current Chinese culture to go to the world with high quality.

Research on the Audio Publishing of Classical Books Based on the Theory of Business Model Canvas: Taking Romance of the Three Kingdoms in Digital Audio Platforms as an Example

Visual media have dominated sensory communications for decades,and the resulting“visual hegemony”leads to the call for the“auditory return”in order to achieve a holistic balance in cultural acceptance.Romance of the Three Kingdoms,a classic literary work in China,has received significant attention and promotion from leading audio platforms.However,the commercialization of digital audio publishing faces unprecedented challenges due to the mismatch between the dissemination of long-form content on digital audio platforms and the current trend of short and fast information reception.Drawing on the Business Model Canvas Theory and taking Romance of the Three Kingdoms as the main focus of analysis,this paper argues that the construction of a business model for the audio publishing of classical books should start from three aspects:the user evaluation of digital audio platforms,the establishment of value propositions based on the“creative transformation and innovative development”principle,and the improvement of the audio publishing infrastructure to ensure the healthy operation and development of the digital audio platforms and consequently improve their current state of development and expand the boundaries of cultural heritage.

A Study on the Acceptance of the English Translation of Romance of the Three Kingdoms by Overseas Readers Based on Python Data Analysis Technology

Paperless reading has become a prevalent trend among global readers,leading to the accumulation of vast amounts of reading data on numerous book websites.This offers new perspectives for studying translated works.This paper utilizes Python-based data processing technology to collect and analyze reader reviews of Romance of the Three Kingdoms on Amazon and Goodreads,presenting trends in review volume,word cloud maps,and readers’emotional attitudes in a quantitative manner.The findings indicate that overseas readers generally exhibit a positive emotional tendency towards Romance of the Three Kingdoms and recognize its cultural value.However,negative opinions do exist,focusing on aspects of the book’s quality,such as printing quality and proofreading.These results provide valuable insights for the foreign translation of canonical texts.

English Translation Study of Romance of the Three Kingdoms in China in the Last Five Years

According to the research of Wen Jun and Li Peijia, this paper examins the articles and treatises regarding the English translations of Romance of the Three Kingdoms in China in the past five years. It is divided into four sections: Summary, Language, Literature and Culture. We point out the existing problems of the current studies;limited in traditional linguistic levels, leaning to the translation of Moss Roberts, neglecting the study of non-cover-to-cover translations, revelry at home and coldness abroad. Besides, we put forward the translation studies of Romance of the Three Kingdoms based on comparative literature to fill the gaps in the current research. The translation study of comparative literature pays attention to four aspects;literary translations and translated literature, cover-to-cover translations and non-cover-to-cover translations, C.H. Brewitt-Taylor and Moss Roberts, domestic and overseas.

Romance of the Three Kingdoms －The TV Series

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The Three Kingdoms Culture and the City of Chengdu

The Three Kingdoms Culture is regarded as the most influential part in the colorful traditional cultures of Chengdu. In this paper, the relationship between the Three Kingdoms Culture and the City of Chengdu is discussed in three respects based on the definition of Three Kingdoms:(1) Chengdu is the core of the original culture of the Three Kingdoms;(2) it is the center for inheritance of the Culture;(3) it is the research center of the Culture. The research of the Three Kingdoms Culture is a topic worth considering in the process of Chengdu's growing into an International metropolis.

On the Image Reconstruction of Zhuge Liang in ACGN Games Based on the Perspective of the Tipping Point Theory

Zhuge Liang,a well-known figure with rich cultural implications in Chinese history,has exerted profound influences on the spiritual life of the Chinese nation.In the ACGN context,new cultural implications have been attached to him,which offset some of the classic implications of the character forged over a long history.Meanwhile,the inherent traditional cultural spirit embodied by him is being reconstructed.In terms of content design,the ACGN games based on traditional realism tend to refresh people’s collective memories of Zhuge Liang to enhance the stickiness factor of the games,thus creating a sense of familiarity to make the transmitted information easier for the game players to accept.The modern fashionable games,however,are good at leveraging the advantages of technologies to form a tipping point and incorporating fashion elements into the traditional image of Zhuge Liang to attract players,thus enhancing the communication effect.In terms of environmental construction,the ACGN games have created a new industrial environment featuring“ACGN+traditional culture,”which changes the traditional image of Zhuge Liang by means of ACGN game technology while retaining its basic cultural characteristics to provide players with a better immersive and interactive experience.

Study on the Management of Chronic Diseases in American and British Community Pharmacy

Objective To provide a reference for promoting the construction of chronic disease management in community pharmacies in China.Methods Literature research and comparative research methods were used to analyze the management of chronic disease carried out by community pharmacies in the United States and the United Kingdom.Results and Conclusion The management of chronic diseases in American and British community pharmacies has formed retail health clinic and online chronic disease mode.It is recommended that Chinese government should issue measures and supporting guidelines for the management of chronic diseases in community pharmacies as soon as possible.Community pharmacies should be encouraged to carry out chronic disease management with the concept of prudent inclusion and gradual progression.Meanwhile,the concentration of drug retail industry should be improved to carry out the systematic construction of chronic disease management and build a standardized chronic disease service process.Besides,community pharmacies should make full use of new technologies such as the Internet,cloud computing and big data,smart wearable devices,and chronic disease management Apps to explore and carry out online professional chronic disease management mode.

Embryos - the evolutionary boundary of kingdoms of organisms

Bioevolution is still a main puzzle and attracts many scientists to research on it. Here I present that organisms have two impor- tant properties, definite structure and self-reproduction. Based on the number and connection of the structural units, organisms can be di- vided into three groups, unicellular, particellular and polycellular organisms. It can be called polycellular evolution that organisms evolve from unicellular, particellular to polycellular. Also it can be called diploid evolution that organisms evolve from haplobes to diplobes, two groups based on the reproductive differences. Some concepts like spore, zygote and embryos are redefined in the paper. Moreover, I present that embryos are the most important boundary of bioevolution and organisms can be divided into two evolutionary phases, the lower and the higher. The lower organisms, Kingdom Microbia (kingd. nov.), are inembryonate, which include Acytophyla (phyl. nov.), bacteria, protozoa, fungi and inembryonate algae. The higher organisms are embryonate and have two branches, Kingdom Plantae and Kingdom Animalia. Plantae are sessile and, autotrophic or sporogenic, which include higher plants and Nudembryophyta (phyl. nov.). Animalia are heterotrophic and, motile or gametogenic, which include all multicellular animals. The new system, which reflects the two important phases of bioevolu- tion and two branches of higher organisms, can really correct the problem of different kingdoms in different researches or by different re- searchers.

Radcliffe’s Construction of Female Identity in The Romance of the Forest

The Romance of the Forest,first published in 1791,was Ann Radcliffe’s first and major success,establishing her reputa⁃tion as one of the masters of Gothic novels in the eighteenth century.Given that Gothic novel is socially conservative,its construc⁃tion of female character has long been in line with the deep-rooted notion of the“proper women”,under which circumstance Ann’s treatment of feminism through Adeline is utterly confusing to many.Thus,based on Edmund Burke’s aesthetics concept of picturesque and sublime,this paper conducts a detailed analysis of the landscape in the novel,in an effort to argue that Ann con⁃structs a mixed female identity,an identity stressing on both feminine sensibility and masculine rationality.

Prevalence of anal fistula in the United Kingdom

BACKGROUND Anal fistula is a pathological connection between the anal canal and perianal skin, which most commonly develops from an infected anal crypt. While the majority of anal fistulas are idiopathic, they are also associated with Crohn’s disease (CD) and other inflammatory conditions. The prevalence of anal fistula is estimated to be 1-2 per 10000 patients, but population-based studies on anal fistula epidemiology are limited and outdated. AIM To assess the prevalence of anal fistula and relevant comorbidities, with and without CD in the United Kingdom and Europe. METHODS A retrospective population-representative observational cohort study was performed in The Health Improvement Network (THIN), a United Kingdom primary care database. Mid-year point prevalence of anal fistula was calculated on the first of July for each year between 2014 and 2017. Estimates were calculated for anal fistula overall and by CD status and standardized to the United Kingdom and European population. Prevalence of relevant comorbidities including lymphogranuloma venereum, hidradenitis suppurativa, anal presentation of sexually transmitted diseases, diabetes mellitus, and radiation in the pelvic area was reported. RESULTS The United Kingdom-standardized overall point prevalence of anal fistula was 1.80 (95%CI: 1.65-1.94) per 10000 patients in 2017, while the Europe standardized estimate was 1.83 (95%CI: 1.68-1.98) per 10000 patients. Both these standardized point prevalence estimates ranged from 1.89 to 2.36 between 2014-2016. The United Kingdom-standardized point prevalence of anal fistula without CD was 1.35 (95%CI: 1.23-1.48) per 10000 patients, while the Europe-standardized estimate was 1.39 (95%CI: 1.26-1.52) per 10000 patients. In contrast, the standardized point prevalence estimate of anal fistula with CD was lower for both United Kingdom and Europe (0.44;95%CI United Kingdom: 0.37-0.52, 95%CI Europe: 0.37-0.51) per 10000 patients in 2017. In 2017, 19% of anal fistula patients without CD and 13% of anal fistula patients with CD had at least one relevant comorbidity. These results show that anal fistulas are infrequent in the general population. 24.5% of prevalent anal fistulas are associated with CD, but other potentially etiological comorbidities are rare. CONCLUSION This real-world evidence study estimated the United Kingdom-standardized prevalence of anal fistula was 1.80 per 10000 patients in 2017. Approximately 25% of cases may be associated with CD, while other comorbidities are rare.

The Origin of Flooded Rice Cultivation

Rice cultivation has long been considered to have originated from seeding of annual types of wild rice somewhere in subtropics, tropics or in the Yangtze River basin. That idea, however, contains a fatally weak point, when we consider the tremendous difficulty for primitive human to seed any cereal crop in the warm and humid climate, where weed thrives all year round, instead of the accepted theory, we have to see a reality that vegetative propagation of edible plants is a dominant form of agriculture in such regions. The possibility is discussed that Job＇s tears and rice, two cereal crops unique to the region, might have been developed via vegetative propagation to obtain materials for medicine or herb tea in backyard gardens prior to cereal production. This idea is supported by the fact that rice in temperate regions is still perennial in its growth habit and that such backyard gardens with transplanted taro can still be seen from Yunnan Province of China to Laos. Thanks to detailed survey of wild rice throughout China for 1970-1980, it is now confirmed that a set of clones of wild rice exist in shallow swamps in Jiangxi Province, an area with severe winter cold. In early summer ancient farmers may have divided the sprouting buds and spread them by transplanting into flooded shallow marsh. Such way of propagation might have faster improved less productive rice through a better genetic potential for response to human interference than quick fixation in seed propagation, because vegetative parts are heterogeneous. Obviously, such a primitive manner of rice cultivation did include the essential parts of rice farming, i.e., nursery bed, transplanting in flooded field of shallow marsh like. Transfer from the primitive nursery to true nursery by seed may have later allowed rice cultivation to be extended to northern regions. In thus devised flooded cultivation there were a series of unique advantages, i.e.; continuous cropping of rice in a same plot, no soil erosion, slow decline of soil fertility, availability of minerals, and resulting in high yield per unit area, which have collectively attained the highly productive cereal cultivation in the warm and humid region. Rice cultivation in marsh is also favorable to raise fish culture, both of which constituted a nutritionally balanced base. Development of irrigation technology to construct flooded farms gave strong bases for stable rice-cultivating society, which in the end formulated the rise of ancient kingdoms of Yue and Wu in China in BC 6th -5th centuries. They were direct descendents of those people who had developed the unique rice cultivation from the era of Hemudu culture, which is dated back to 5 000 BC. Their movement to the south is considered to have established rice-cultivating communities in South China and Southeast Asia, while to the north it transferred the rice-based technology to ancient Korea and Japan and had established there a base for a civilized society.

Exploring Enablers and Barriers to Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) Management Technologies Adoption in the Kingdom of Bahrain

Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) becomes a point of focus globally due to its harmful effects on the environment and human health if it is not managed properly. MSW was proved globally to be used as a resource, and it has a major opportunity in the realm of conversion technologies. Accordingly, this study aims to explore the enablers and barriers to six different MSW management (MSWM) technologies adopted in the Kingdom of Bahrain, in order to ensure the successful adoption of these technologies that are Anaerobic Digestion (AD), Incineration, Pyrolysis, Gasification, Composting and Refused Derived Fuel (RDF). This study provides sufficient information to the decision and policy-makers for the processes of selection and adoption of the MSWM technologies in Bahrain, using a qualitative approach “mainly semi-structured interviews” with experts and then Thematic Analysis using nvivo12 software. The results show that the main themes that enablers and barriers fall under are: political (e.g. national waste management strategy), technical (e.g. segregation at source), managerial (e.g. capacity building), social (e.g. public awareness), economic (e.g. incentives to investment) and environmental (e.g. air quality). This study concluded that in order to succeed in the MSWM technologies adoption, the resulted barriers should be overcome. Furthermore, Incineration was recommended as the best solution to manage MSW which has the least barriers and most enablers in Bahrain as per the experts.

Availability of basic life support courses for the general populations in India, Nigeria and the United Kingdom: An internet-based analysis

BACKGROUND:The number of lay people willing to attempt cardiopulmonary resuscitation(CPR)in real life is increased by effective education in basic life support(BLS).However,little is known about access of general public to BLS training across the globe.This study aimed to investigate availability and key features of BLS courses proposed for lay people in India,Nigeria and the United Kingdom(UK).METHODS:A Google search was done in December 2018,using English keywords relevant for community resuscitation training.Ongoing courses addressing BLS and suitable for any adult layperson were included in the analysis.On-site training courses were limited to those provided within the country's territory.RESULTS:A total of 53,29 and 208 eligible courses were found for India,Nigeria and the UK,respectively.In the UK,the number of courses per 10 million population(31.5)is 79 and 21 times higher than that in India(0.4)and Nigeria(1.5).Course geography is limited to 28%states and one union territory in India,30%states and the Federal Capital Territory in Nigeria.In the UK,the training is offered in all constituent countries,with the highest prevalence in England.Courses are predominantly classroom-based,highly variable in duration,group size and instructors'qualifications.For India and Nigeria,mean cost of participation is exceeding the monthly minimum wage.CONCLUSION:In contrast to the UK,the availability and accessibility of BLS courses are critically limited in India and Nigeria,necessitating immediate interventions to optimize community CPR training and improve bystander CPR rates.

Fuzzy Based Decision Making Approach for Evaluating the Severity of COVID-19 Pandemic in Cities of Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

The World Health Organization declared COVID-19 a pandemic on March 11,2020 stating that it is a worldwide danger and requires imminent preventive strategies to minimise the loss of lives.COVID-19 has now affected millions across 211 countries in the world and the numbers continue to rise.The information discharged by the WHO till June 15,2020 reports 8,063,990 cases of COVID-19.As the world thinks about the lethal malady for which there is yet no immunization or a predefined course of drug,the nations are relentlessly working at the most ideal preventive systems to contain the infection.The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia(KSA)is additionally combating with the COVID-19 danger as the cases announced till June 15,2020 reached the count of 132,048 with 1,011 deaths.According to the report released by the KSA on June 14,2020,more than 4,000 cases of COVID-19 pandemic had been registered in the country.Tending to the impending requirement for successful preventive instruments to stem the fatalities caused by the disease,our examination expects to assess the severity of COVID-19 pandemic in cities of KSA.In addition,computational model for evaluating the severity of COVID-19 with the perspective of social influence factor is necessary for controlling the disease.Furthermore,a quantitative evaluation of severity associated with specific regions and cities of KSA would be a more effective reference for the healthcare sector in Saudi Arabia.Further,this paper has taken the Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP)technique for quantitatively assessing the severity of COVID-19 pandemic in cities of KSA.The discoveries and the proposed structure would be a practical,expeditious and exceptionally precise evaluation system for assessing the severity of the pandemic in the cities of KSA.Hence these urban zones clearly emerge as the COVID-19 hotspots.The cities require suggestive measures of health organizations that must be introduced on a war footing basis to counter the pandemic.The analysis tabulated in our study will assist in mapping the rules and building a systematic structure that is immediate need in the cities with high severity levels due to the pandemic.

Early Interactions between the Hellenistic and Greco-Roman World and the Chinese: The Ancient Afro-Eurasian Routes in Medicine and the Transmission of Disease

This paper discusses the historical exchanges,communications,and circumstances that initially enabled the opening of trade routes between China and the Hellenistic and Greco-Roman world.In addition,it explains how ancient Greeks first became aware of China,and the original premise of trading silk for horses.Historical Chinese texts are analyzed to identify references to the Hellenistic and Greco-Roman world in an attempt to elucidate the extent of official interactions between the two cultures.Historical and archaeological sources confirm that trade existed for millennia before Western Europeans traveled to China during the Age of Exploration.The thesis describes how silk and disease traveled from east to west and explains the historical conditions that allowed the exchange of ideas,practices,beliefs,and culture.

Bacterial co-infection in patients with SARS-CoV-2 in the Kingdom of Bahrain

BACKGROUND The coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic presents a significant challenge to the medical profession,increasing in the presence of microbial coinfection.Bacterial and Fungal co-infections increase the risk of morbidity and mortality in patients with COVID-19.AIM To study the bacterial profile in patients with COVID-19 who needed admission to receive treatment in the main centres concerned with managing COVID-19 disease in the Kingdom of Bahrain.METHODS The study was a retrospective observational analysis of the bacterial profile and the bacterial resistance in patients with confirmed COVID-19 disease who needed admission to receive treatment in the main centres assigned to manage patients with COVID-19 disease in the Kingdom of Bahrain from February to October 2020.We used the electronic patients’records and the microbiology laboratory data to identify patients’demographics,clinical data,microbial profile,hospital or community-acquired,and the outcomes.RESULTS The study included 1380 patients admitted with confirmed COVID-19 disease during the study period.51%were admitted from February to June,and 49%were admitted from July to October 2020,with a recurrence rate was 0.36%.There was a significant increase in bacterial and fungal co-infection in the second period compared to the first period.The most common isolated organisms were the gram-negative bacteria(mainly Klebsiella pneumoniae,Pseudomonas aeruginosa,multi-drug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii,and Escherichia coli),the grampositive bacteria(mainly coagulase negative Staphylococci,Enterococcus faecium,Enterococcus faecalis,Staphylococcus aureus)and fungaemia(Candida galabrata,Candida tropicalis,Candida albicans,Aspergillus fumigatus,Candida parapsilosis,Aspergillus niger).The hospital-acquired infection formed 73.8%,61.6%,100%gram-negative,gram-positive and fungaemia.Most of the hospital-acquired infection occurred in the second period with a higher death rate than communityacquired infections.CONCLUSION Bacterial and fungal co-infections in patients admitted with confirmed COVID-19 disease pose higher morbidity and mortality risks than those without coinfections.We should perform every effort to minimize these risks.

The Effects of World War Ⅱ:Analysis of Kensuke's Kingdom

Kensuke's Kingdom is a highly readable British survival novel written by Michael Morourgo. It is not only a survival novel, but also a realistic novel for the children. By the two disparate characters, the writer wants to discuss the effects of the war, which is the deeper meaning of this novel. Writing war and the effects of the war is a heavy but necessary topic for children's literature. Books like Kensuke's Kingdom can be woven into young readers' developing senses of themselves, extending their imaginations and helping them to understand the world from unaccustomed points of view.

Prevalence of congenital hydrocephalus in the Hashemite kingdom of Jordan: A hospital-based study

Background: Congenital hydrocephalus, an important cause of neurologic morbidity and mortality in children, is a medical condition characterized by an abnormal accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid in the brain. It can be caused by abnormal brain development, obstruction of the cerebral aqueduct flow, Chiari malformations, and Dandy-Walker malformation. The prevalence of congenital hydrocephalus is 2.2 to 18 per 10,000 live births. Objectives: To determine the prevalence of congenital hydrocephalus among livebirths in the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan (HKJ). Methods: Clinical data were collected from medical records of all livebirths with congenital hydrocephalus born at Al Bashir Hospital, Amman/The Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan in 2004-2005 and 2008-2011. Descriptive analysis was carried out using the Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS 20). Results: The prevalence of hydrocephalus was 0.092% with a relative predominance among males. Conclusion: The study concluded that the prevalence of congenital hydrocephalus is comparable to that of developed countries. The efforts made by the Ministry of Health seem to have paid off. More research on stillbirths is recommended.

Measuring the Public Awareness toward Household Waste Management in Muharraq Governorate-Kingdom of Bahrain

Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) generation is growing rapidly as compared to the rate of urbanization. Household waste management is considered a highly challenging task for Bahrain’s policy-makers, urban planners and municipalities due to rising population, burgeoning growth rate of waste generation, limited availability of land and scarce waste disposal sites. Public awareness represents a key enabler in order to succeed any sustainable waste management practice in the country. The survey aimed at gauging public awareness about household waste management in Muharraq Governorate and explored if there are any correlations between educational level, gender, occupation and age and area of living with the level of public awareness as well as its three components: knowledge, attitude and behaviour of the people in Muharraq Governorate. The results indicated the total awareness is significantly different across different age levels and nationality. Moreover, it shows a high public awareness toward household waste management among people in Muharraq Governorate, which indicated that the society is aware and has the basics to build on in terms of sustainable waste management practices and technologies adoption, which may help overcome the possible social barrier represented by low public awareness.