Unified Control Theory from PID to ACPID

To address the challenge of achieving unified control across diverse nonlinear systems, a comprehensive control theory spanning from PID (Proportional-Integral-Derivative) to ACPID (Auto-Coupling PID) has been proposed. The primary concept is to unify all intricate factors, including internal dynamics and external bounded disturbance, into a single total disturbance. This enables the mapping of various nonlinear systems onto a linear disturbance system. Based on the theory of PID control and the characteristic equation of a critically damping system, Zeng’s stabilization rules (ZSR) and an ACPID control force based on a single speed factor have been designed. ACPID control theory is both simple and practical, with significant scientific significance and application value in the field of control engineering.

Extraction of Robot Primitive Control Rules from Natural Language Instructions

A support vector rule based method is investigated for the construction of motion controllers via natural language training. It is a two-phase process including motion control information collection from natural language instructions, and motion information condensation with the aid of support vector machine （SVM） theory. Self-organizing fuzzy neural networks are utilized for the collection of control rules, from which support vector rules are extracted to form a final controller to achieve any given control accuracy. In this way, the number of control rules is reduced, and the structure of the controller tidied, making a controller constructed using natural language training more appropriate in practice, and providing a fundamental rule base for high-level robot behavior control. Simulations and experiments on a wheeled robot are carried out to illustrate the effectiveness of the method.

Evaluation of Three Harvest Control Rules for Bigeye Tuna(Thunnus obesus) Fisheries in the Indian Ocean

The stock of Bigeye tuna(Thunnus obesus) in the Indian Ocean supports an important international fishery and is considered to be fully exploited. The responsible management agency, the Indian Ocean Tuna Commission(IOTC), does not have an explicit management decision-making framework in place to prevent over-fishing. In this study, we evaluated three harvest control rules, i) constant fishing mortality(CF), from 0.2 to 0.6, ii) constant catch(CC), from 60000 to 140000 t, and iii) constant escapement(CE), from 0.3 to 0.7. The population dynamics simulated by the operating model was based on the most recent stock assessment using Stock Synthesis version Ⅲ(SS3). Three simulation scenarios(low, medium and high productivity) were designed to cover possible uncertainty in the stock assessment and biological parameters. Performances of three harvest control rules were compared on the basis of three management objectives(over 3, 10 and 25 years): i) the probability of maintaining spawning stock biomass above a level that can sustain maximum sustainable yield(MSY) on average, ii) the probability of achieving average catches between 0.8 MSY and 1.0 MSY, and iii) inter-annual variability in catches. The constant escapement strategy(CE=0.5), constant fishing mortality strategy(F=0.4) and constant catch(CC=80000) were the most rational among the respective management scenarios. It is concluded that the short-term annual catch is suggested at 80000 t, and the potential total allowable catch for a stable yield could be set at 120000 t once the stock had recovered successfully. All the strategies considered in this study to achieve a ‘tolerable' balance between resource conservation and utilization have been based around the management objectives of the IOTC.

Re-Design and Realization of Automatic Control for the Compressor Station of the 2 kW Helium Cryoplant

A large-scale compressor set of a 2 kW helium cryoplant, as one of the subsystems of EAST （the experimental advanced superconducting tokamak）, is arranged in a two-stage seriesparallel structure. A fully automatic control system used to handle the compressors＇ on/off/ scheduling and the pressures＇ adjustment was developed. To reduce the long time lag and the uncertainty with the energy slide valves effectively, expert rules in combination with proportional- integral-derivative （PID） algorithms were applied nisms were built up to reinforce its stability and to the EAST operations and is operated stably. system, such as the big overshoot of pressure and Safety protection and status analysis mecha- robustness. The new system has been applied The problems in the previous semi-automatic complexity of the operations, were solved.

Rule-based Fault Diagnosis of Hall Sensors and Fault-tolerant Control of PMSM

Hall sensor is widely used for estimating rotor phase of permanent magnet synchronous motor(PMSM). And rotor position is an essential parameter of PMSM control algorithm, hence it is very dangerous if Hall senor faults occur. But there is scarcely any research focusing on fault diagnosis and fault-tolerant control of Hall sensor used in PMSM. From this standpoint, the Hall sensor faults which may occur during the PMSM operating are theoretically analyzed. According to the analysis results, the fault diagnosis algorithm of Hall sensor, which is based on three rules, is proposed to classify the fault phenomena accurately. The rotor phase estimation algorithms, based on one or two Hall sensor(s), are initialized to engender the fault-tolerant control algorithm. The fault diagnosis algorithm can detect 60 Hall fault phenomena in total as well as all detections can be fulfilled in 1/138 rotor rotation period. The fault-tolerant control algorithm can achieve a smooth torque production which means the same control effect as normal control mode (with three Hall sensors). Finally, the PMSM bench test verifies the accuracy and rapidity of fault diagnosis and fault-tolerant control strategies. The fault diagnosis algorithm can detect all Hall sensor faults promptly and fault-tolerant control algorithm allows the PMSM to face failure conditions of one or two Hall sensor(s). In addition, the transitions between health-control and fault-tolerant control conditions are smooth without any additional noise and harshness. Proposed algorithms can deal with the Hall sensor faults of PMSM in real applications, and can be provided to realize the fault diagnosis and fault-tolerant control of PMSM.

The Optimized Disign of the Fuzzy Controller(Ⅰ)——The predigested disquisition of rules of fuzzy control

To improve the ability and precisions of the fuzzy control,this thesis points out the adjusted fuzzy control method,realizes the precision of the fuzzy quantity, and reduces the number of the fuzzy control rules,so that it can predigest the process of disigns and realize the methods without influencing the idiocratic control,which are on the base of the domain flexing.

Application of an expert system using neural network to control the coagulant dosing in water treatment plant

The coagulation process is one of the most important stages in water treatment plant, which involves many complex physical and chemical phenomena. Moreover, coagulant dosing rate is non-linearly correlated to raw water characteristics such as turbidity, conductivity, PH, temperature, etc. As such, coagulation reaction is hard or even impossible to control satisfactorily by conventional methods. Based on neural network and rule models, an expert system for determining the optimum chemical dosage rate is developed and used in a water treatment work, and the results of actual runs show that in the condition of satisfying the demand of drinking water quality, the usage of coagulant is lowered.

Dynamic Event-Triggered Fixed-Time Consensus Control and Its Applications to Magnetic Map Construction

This article deals with the consensus problem of multi-agent systems by developing a fixed-time consensus control approach with a dynamic event-triggered rule. First, a new fixedtime stability condition is obtained where the less conservative settling time is given such that the theoretical settling time can well reflect the real consensus time. Second, a dynamic event-triggered rule is designed to decrease the use of chip and network resources where Zeno behaviors can be avoided after consensus is achieved, especially for finite/fixed-time consensus control approaches. Third, in terms of the developed dynamic event-triggered rule, a fixed-time consensus control approach by introducing a new item is proposed to coordinate the multi-agent system to reach consensus. The corresponding stability of the multi-agent system with the proposed control approach and dynamic eventtriggered rule is analyzed based on Lyapunov theory and the fixed-time stability theorem. At last, the effectiveness of the dynamic event-triggered fixed-time consensus control approach is verified by simulations and experiments for the problem of magnetic map construction based on multiple mobile robots.

Adaptive control strategy of the welding current

The welding process essentially is a complicated nonlinear system with time-varying, uncertain, strong-coupling characteristics, so it is difficult to get high welding quality by traditional control approaches such as the standard proportionalintegral （ PI） algorithm. A new algorithm based on artificial neural network （ANN） is presented to achieve optimal P1 parameters and improve its adaptability. First, main parameters of artificial neural network are researched to improve the convergence rate and system stability. Then, six expert rules are proposed to constitute the expert adaptive ANN-PI algorithm. Experimental results show that the welding current control system＇has high dynamic response rate, and the welding process is stable.

Integrated Green Prevention and Control Techniques for Kiwifruit Canker Disease in "Guichang" Kiwifruit in Xiuwen County, Guizhou Province

Kiwifruit canker disease seriously affects the yield and quality of"Guichang"kiwifruit in Xiuwen County,Guizhou Province.In order to scientifically,safely,greenly and efficiently prevent and control the disease,theory was combined with prevention and control techniques to optimize existing prevention and control techniques,so as to improve the production yield and quality of kiwifruit.Specifically,biocontrol strains targeting local kiwifruit canker disease were screened,and reduced and mixed use of agrochemicals with improved efficiency was studied;and the effects and application techniques of disease resistance inducers and bioorganic fertilizers in inducing systemic disease resistance in kiwifruit trees were explored,and finally,an integrated green prevention and control scheme for kiwifruit canker disease that is suitable for kiwifruit production areas in Guizhou Province and has strong operability was proposed.This study provides technical support for green,efficient,standardized production technical services and sustainable and healthy development of kiwifruit industry.

Self-adaptive fuzzy controller with formulary rule for servo control of discharge gap in Micro EDM

In micro electrical discharge machining （micro EDM）, it is difficult for servo controlling the narrow discharge gap with the characters of non-linear and quick change. In this paper, aiming at solving the problems above, a self-adaptive fuzzy controller with formulary rule （SAFCFR） is presented based on the dual feedbacks composed by gap electric signal and discharge-ratio statistics. To ensure the properties of self-optimizing and fast stabilization, the formulary rule was designed with a tuning factor. In addition, the fast-convergence algorithms were introduced to adjust control target center and output scale factor. In this way, the normal discharge ratio can tend to the highest value during micro-EDM process. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithms are effective in improving the servo-control performance. According to the drilling-micro-EDM experiments, the machining efficiency is improved by 20% through applying SAFCFR. Moreover, SAFCFR is a prompt way to optimize parameters of discharge-gap servo control.

Conditions of Satisfaction of the Solar Control Box Constraints

This paper develops an approach for the satisfaction of the Solar Control Box constraints.This is the volume conditioned by both the Solar Envelope rules and the Shading Envelope rules.The Solar Envelope defines the largest volume that does not cast its shadows on neighboring buildings during winter beneficial periods of sunshine.The Shading Envelope is the lowest volume to shade the neighboring buildings during summer overheating periods.The Solar Envelope and the Shading Envelope are respectively a maximal and a minimal limit of the Solar Control Box.This volume will serve as a medium to assist planners in drafting morphological urban rules of solar control.Our purpose here is to respond to the question:To what extent it would be possible to generate a volume respecting the two types of constraints(solar access and shading needs)?

A General Attribute and Rule Based Role-Based Access Control Model

Growing numbers of users and many access control policies which involve many different resource attributes in service-oriented environments bring various problems in protecting resource.This paper analyzes the relationships of resource attributes to user attributes in all policies, and propose a general attribute and rule based role-based access control(GAR-RBAC) model to meet the security needs. The model can dynamically assign users to roles via rules to meet the need of growing numbers of users. These rules use different attribute expression and permission as a part of authorization constraints, and are defined by analyzing relations of resource attributes to user attributes in many access policies that are defined by the enterprise. The model is a general access control model, and can support many access control policies, and also can be used to wider application for service. The paper also describes how to use the GAR-RBAC model in Web service environments.

The Optimized Design of The Fuzzy Controller(Ⅱ)——the disquisition of optimized triangle subjection function

The subjection function of the fuzzy quantity is bell like,which is on the base of the theory;but during the course of the control,each fuzzy grade should be predigested into a triangle of W=4.

Analysis of the Effect of Subgroup Size on the X-Bar Control Chart Using Forensic Science Laboratory Sample Influx Data

This paper analyzes the effect of subgroup size on the x-bar chart characteristics using sample influx (SIF) into forensic science laboratory (FSL). The characteristics studied include changes in out-or-control points (OCP), upper control limit UCLx, and zonal demarcations. Multi-rules were used to identify the number of out-of-control-points, Nocp as violations using five control chart rules applied separately. A sensitivity analysis on the Nocp was applied for subgroup size, k, and number of sigma above the mean value to determine the upper control limit, UCLx. A computer code was implemented using a FORTRAN code to create x-bar control-charts and capture OCP and other control-chart characteristics with increasing k from 2 to 25. For each value of k, a complete series of average values, Q(p), of specific length, Nsg, was created from which statistical analysis was conducted and compared to the original SIF data, S(t). The variation of number of out-of-control points or violations, Nocp, for different control-charts rules with increasing k was determined to follow a decaying exponential function, Nocp = Ae–α, for which, the goodness of fit was established, and the R2 value approached unity for Rule #4 and #5 only. The goodness of fit was established to be the new criteria for rational subgroup-size range, for Rules #5 and #4 only, which involve a count of 6 consecutive points decreasing and 8 consecutive points above the selected control limit (σ/3 above the grand mean), respectively. Using this criterion, the rational subgroup range was established to be 4 ≤ k ≤ 20 for the two x-bar control chart rules.

The analysis of acupoint selection rules for acupuncture treating functional constipation

Objective: To analyze the prescription rule of acupuncture for functional constipation (FC), and explore the effective core clinical acupuncture prescriptions. Methods:The randomized controlled trials published in the PubMed, CNKI, Wanfang, and VIP databases were retrieved from January 1, 2010 to January 31, 2020. And the key information about acupuncture therapy for FC in these RCTs was collected according to the predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Eventually, the statisticians analyzed the use frequency of single acupoints and meridian acupoints by descriptive statistical method and explored the combination rule between different acupoints by association rules. Results: Twenty six randomized controlled trials were included, with a total of 29 acupoints. Tianshu (ST25), Shangjuxu (ST37) and Zhongwan (RN12) were the top 3 frequency of acupuncture therapy for FC and the top 3 frequency meridian had been chosen were the stomach meridian of Foot-Yangming, the spleen meridian of Foot-Taiyin and Ren channel. The two acupoints with high support and compatibility frequency ranking in the top 3 are Tianshu (ST25) - Shangjuxu (ST37), Tianshu (ST25) - Zhongwan (RN12), Tianshu (ST25) - Zusanli (ST36). The three acupoints with compatibility frequency ranking in the top 2 are Tianshu (ST25) - Shangjuxu (ST37) - Zusanli (ST36), and Tianshu (ST25) - Shangjuxu (ST37) - Zhigou (SJ6). Conclusion: Tianshu (ST25) is the most common acupoint for acupuncture therapy of FC. Tianshu (ST25) and Shangjuxu (ST37) are the core acupoints to provide basis for clinical practice and future clinical research.

Rough Control Rule Mining Model Based on Decision Interval Concept Lattice and Its Application

Fusing the structure feature of interval concept lattice and the actual needs of rough control rules,we have constructed the decision interval concept lattice,further more,we also have built a rules mining model of rough control based on decision interval concept lattice,in order to achieve the optimality between rough control mining cost and control efficiency.Firstly,we have preprocessed the collected original data,so that we can transform it into Boolean formal context form,and then we have constructed the decision interval concept lattice in rough control;secondly,we have established the control rules mining algorithm based on decision interval concept lattice.By analyzing and judging redundant rules,we have formed the rough control association rule base in end.Analysis shows that under the premise of improving the reliability of rules,we have achieved the rough control optimization goal between cost and efficiency.Finally,the model of reservoir scheduling has verified its feasibility and efficiency.

The Effectiveness of Self-regulated Learning Strategies on Chinese College Students' English Learning

The purpose of this paper is to argue the effectiveness of self-regulated learning in English education in Chinese college classroom instruction. A study is given to show whether the introduction of self-regulated learning can help improve Chinese college students' English learning, and help them perform better in the National English test-CET-4 (College English Test Level-4,).

Advances and problems in hydrocarbon exploration in the Tazhong area, Tarim Basin

Located in the middle of the Tarim Basin, Tazhong is a typical area of compound reservoirs rich in oil and gas found in the Carboniferous, Silurian and Ordovician strata. The proved, probable and possible reserves （3P reserves） in the area amount to 5×108 tons, so it is of great significance to study the advances and problems in hydrocarbon exploration in the Tazhong area. On the basis of exploration history and analysis of scientific problems, we outline eight achievements： distribution characteristics of reservoirs, stages of reservoir formation, different sources of oil and gas and their respective contributions, the effective regional caprock and reservoir-caprock combinations dominating the vertical distribution of hydrocarbon reservoirs, the control of the Tazhong Palaeo-uplift on reservoir formation and establishing geologic models, structure balance belts influencing the reconstruction and residual potential of reservoirs after accumulation, the rules and mechanisms of fractures controlling oil and gas, and the types of favorable reservoirs and their characteristics of controlling oil and gas distribution. We further point out the main problems about the oil and gas exploration in the Tazhong area and put forward some relevant proposals.

Spatiotemporal evolution rule of rocks fracture surrounding gob-side roadway with model experiments

A series of plane-strain physical model experiments are carried out to study the spatiotemporal evolution rule of rocks fracture surrounding gob-side roadway, which is subjected to the pressure induced by the mining process. The digital photogrammetry technology and large deformation analysis method are applied to measure the deformation and fracture of surrounding rocks. The experimental results indicate that the deformation and fracture of coal pillars are the cause to the instability and failure of the surrounding rocks. The spatiotemporal evolution rule of the rock deformation and fracture surrounding gob-side roadway is obtained. The coal pillar and the roof near coal pillar should be strengthened in support design. The engineering application results also can provide a useful guide that the combined support with wire meshes, beam, anchor bolt and cable is an effective method.