Evolutionary analysis of green credit and automobile enterprises under the mechanism of dynamic reward and punishment based on government regulation

To explore the green development of automobile enterprises and promote the achievement of the“dual carbon”target,based on the bounded rationality assumptions,this study constructed a tripartite evolutionary game model of gov-ernment,commercial banks,and automobile enterprises;introduced a dynamic reward and punishment mechanism;and analyzed the development process of the three parties’strategic behavior under the static and dynamic reward and punish-ment mechanism.Vensim PLE was used for numerical simulation analysis.Our results indicate that the system could not reach a stable state under the static reward and punishment mechanism.A dynamic reward and punishment mechanism can effectively improve the system stability and better fit real situations.Under the dynamic reward and punishment mechan-ism,an increase in the initial probabilities of the three parties can promote the system stability,and the government can im-plement effective supervision by adjusting the upper limit of the reward and punishment intensity.Finally,the implementa-tion of green credit by commercial banks plays a significant role in promoting the green development of automobile enter-prises.

Why The Constitution Should Protect Personal Credit Information?——An Approach of Right Argumentation

Protecting personal credit information through constitutional rights is not only essemtial for individuals to defend against infringements on their personal credit information rights and interests by public power in the social credit system,but also a requirement for unified legislation on social credit to explore the basis for constitutional norms.In the era of the credit economy,personal credit information has become a vital resource for realizing personal autonomy.Along with the increase in the state’s supervision and control of personal credit,the realization of the autonomous value in the interests related to personal credit information has also set more obligations for the state.Therefore,interests related to personal credit information should be regarded as a constitutional right.Because of its significant economic interest and value,the right to personal credit information should be classified as a constitutional property right.As a constitutional property right,the right to personal credit information can not only help protect people’s economic interests,but also achieve the goal of safeguarding their personality interests.

Research on the Impact of Social Credit Improvement on the Debt Financing of Agricultural Enterprises

This study takes China’s A-shares agricultural companies as the research subjects and examines the influence of social credit environment on the debt financing of agricultural enterprises.This study has found that the improvement of social credit environment can significantly increase the debt financing scale of agricultural enterprises.After a placebo test,the replacement of explained variables,and the control of industry fixed effects,the results obtained are still significant.The mechanism test found that the scale of the enterprise has a complete intermediary effect;that is,the social credit environment can increase the scale of external financing of agricultural enterprises by increasing the scale of the enterprise.This article focuses on the impact of informal institutions on corporate debt financing,which is conducive to enriching relevant research on agricultural enterprises and has important practical significance for promoting the development of the agricultural industrial chain as well as“village revitalization.”

A Literature Review of the Influence of Social Capital on Commercial Credit

As a typical informal system,social capital plays an important supplementary role in China’s economic transition period.Informal finance based on commercial credit plays a role in the economic cycle.However,there is currently a lack of literature to directly examine the impact of social capital on the use of commercial credit by enterprises.This article aims to systematically sort out the theoretical development of social capital on commercial credit,which mainly includes the definition of social capital,its effects,the influencing factors of commercial credit,and the summary of the existing research results of social capital on commercial credit.It is hoped that this literature review will provide guidance for future research.

Social credit:a comprehensive literature review

To avoid credit fraud,social credit within an economic system has become an increasingly important criterion for the evaluation of economic agent activity and guaranteeing the development of a market economy with minimal supervision costs.This paper provides a comprehensive review of the social credit literature from the perspectives of theoretical foundation,scoring methods,and regulatory mechanisms.The study considers the credit of various economic agents within the social credit system such as countries(or governments),corporations,and individuals and their credit variations in online markets(i.e.,network credit).A historical review of the theoretical(or model)development of economic agents is presented together with significant works and future research directions.Some interesting conclusions are summarized from the literature review.(1)Credit theory studies can be categorized into traditional and emerging schools both focusing on the economic explanation of social credit in conjunction with creation and evolution mechanisms.(2)The most popular credit scoring methods include expert systems,econometric models,artificial intelligence(AI)techniques,and their hybrid forms.Evaluation indexes should vary across different target agents.(3)The most pressing task for regulatory mechanisms that supervise social credit to avoid credit fraud is the establishment of shared credit databases with consistent data standards.

Problems and Suggestions on the Blacklist Policy of Food Safety

In order to increase the illegal credit cost and social cost of companies,blacklist policies for food factories came into being. According to international experiences,blacklist policy,as a systematic project,is compatible with law and regulations,social credit system,and social observation movement. This paper reviewed the international experiences in blacklist policies and analyzed the existing problems in blacklist policies. In addition,three constructive suggestions were proposed in this paper.

Research on the Operation Mode and Theoretical Support of Relationship Lending

Traditional Folk relations of debit and credit have existed for thousands of years in Chinese society. In the rapidly develop of the context of mobile internet and social network, the borrowing that relies on the relationship among people is not just a financial domain scope discussion topic. In the rapidly developing Chinese mobile Internet, a new anonymous mechanism which is based on interpersonal credit extension and evaluation ultimately form borrowing is continuously formed.?In this paper, the author researches and analyzes on what is relationship lending mechanism, the basic operation modes of relationship lending mechanism, a part of theoretical supporting and values.

我国社会信用体系建设面临的主要挑战及对策建议

党的十八大以来,国家高度重视社会信用体系建设,在一些基础领域和关键环节取得了重要进展,总体社会信用状况得到明显改善。然而,社会信用体系建设是一项长期且极为复杂的系统工程,目前仍面临着理论研究和法治建设滞后,社会信用体系建设的目标定位和功能边界不够清晰,商务征信体系不健全、企业账款拖欠严重,以及其他发展不平衡不充分等问题。建议在系统总结前期经验教训的基础上,加强理论研究,厘清认识和实践误区,进一步明确社会信用体系建设的目标定位和功能边界,加快推进信用立法,健全商务信用体系,破解企业账款拖欠难题,大力发展信用经济,并做好面向公众的宣传引导工作。

社会交互成本理论与社会信用法的法理重构

社会信用体系建设探索实践面对法治拷问,社会交互成本理论对社会信用法治之路将如何前行进行了回应。该理论通过揭示和描述社会信用机制的内在规律,对我国社会信用体系建设当前实践给出了学理解读。在社会交互成本理论看来,社会信用建设现有的法治探索经验显示,社会信用法在法律的调整对象等一系列方面已然显现新的特征,以“行为本位”为前提的法理思维已经无法涵括社会信用法领域出现的新的法律现象。在依据社会交互成本理论形成的法理观念看来,社会信用法的调整对象已不只是信用行为,而是信用行为习惯及其背后的社会关系;调整手段不只是国家的强制力,而是国家强力规制与社会自我管理有机融合;调整方式不再是单纯的负面惩戒,而是以正向调整鼓励守信为主。

社会信用体系建设高质量发展研究:文献综述

我国的经济社会发展已经进入到高质量发展阶段,社会信用体系建设的高质量发展是实现经济社会高质量发展的重要保障。近年来,相关研究开展得较为广泛。论文系统梳理了现有的研究文献,分析了我国社会信用体系建设高质量发展的现状,指出了存在的问题,并提出了相应的对策建议。

信以立城,融而兴业:城市信用建设与企业信贷融资

良好的信用环境是资金往来畅通和稳定的基本需要,从制度到基础设施的信用建设是优化营商环境、发展信用经济的根基。通过使用2016—2022年沪深A股上市企业面板数据以及国家公共信用信息中心公布的城市综合信用指数,研究城市信用水平对企业信贷融资的影响。研究结果表明:第一,在失信环境里,上市企业的高信息透明度以及强外部监管缓解了信息不对称问题,提高了违约成本,比非上市企业具有较低的违约风险,从而能获得更高比例的信贷融资;第二,在信用建设水平较高的城市,不同信息透明度和违约成本的上市企业之间信贷融资比例差距较小;第三,城市的信用水平越低,上市企业的长期信贷融资比例越高,短期信贷融资所受影响并不显著。未来,应进一步推进信用信息资源共享,完善失信联合惩戒机制,推进城市信用建设的高质量发展。

社会信用与企业韧性——基于社会信用体系改革试点的准自然实验

在当前全球经济环境不稳定的背景下,如何增强企业韧性是所有企业都要面临的重要问题。文章基于2007—2021年我国A股上市公司的平衡面板数据,测度了企业韧性水平,并以城市社会信用体系改革试点作为一项准自然实验,运用多时点DID模型实证检验了社会信用对企业韧性的影响。结果表明:社会信用提升能够显著增强企业韧性;社会信用主要通过提高城市人力资本水平、降低企业交易成本和提升企业劳动生产率三个机制来增强企业韧性。异质性分析发现:社会信用对企业韧性的增强作用在内部治理水平较低企业、非国有企业、市场化程度较低地区中的效果更大。文章为研究企业韧性的影响因素提供了新的视角,对如何增强企业韧性、实现企业高质量发展具有一定的启示。

征信体系建设下个人信息保护的进路研究

目前,我国征信体系在社会多个领域实现了覆盖且仍在深入。为弥补“结果保护”理念引发的个人信息收集与共享泛化、个人信息处理规则透明度较低等缺陷,应引入“过程保护”理念,明晰个人征信信息收集、共享的范围,加强有关征信规则的有效应用。同时,要统筹个人征信与失信惩戒的体系建设,明晰个人征信信息侵权赔偿的认定标准,进而实现对个人信息的有效保护。

政务诚信建设脉络、经验及标准化探析

政务诚信是第一诚信,对其他社会主体诚信建设发挥着重要的表率和导向作用。本文首先对政务诚信的发展脉络进行梳理,对地方政务诚信发展现状进行分析,在此基础上对政务诚信标准化问题进行分析,从当下政策依据、现实需求、实践基础的角度,提出制定政务诚信评价国家标准的必要性以及标准研制的主要思路。

国家审计与商业银行信贷行为

采用2008—2020年中国商业银行非平衡面板数据,考察国家审计对银行信贷行为的影响。研究发现,国家审计可以促使银行提供更为宽松的信贷,且这种效应具有延续性。机制分析结果表明,国家审计可以通过提高管理效率、减少违规行为、加快经济增长三条渠道促进银行扩充信贷。异质性分析发现,国家审计对内部治理较好、东部地区、外部法律环境较好的银行信贷行为的正向影响更加显著。调节效应研究发现,社会审计增强了国家审计对银行信贷的促进作用,媒体监督削弱了国家审计的促进效应,而公众监督的调节效应不显著。进一步研究发现,虽然国家审计推动了银行信贷投放,但对贷款集中度产生了抑制作用,且相较于商业贷款和非农户贷款,国家审计提升了消费贷款和农户贷款,国家审计与银行信贷的关系在降低不良贷款率的同时提升了银行财务业绩,说明国家审计可以助推银行信贷业务的高质量发展。

社会信用环境完善是否降低了农业龙头企业的违规行为?

以我国社会信用体系建设为准自然实验,基于2013—2021年我国农业龙头企业数据,考察社会信用环境完善对农业龙头企业违规行为的影响及作用机制。研究发现:第一,社会信用环境完善显著抑制了农业龙头企业的违规行为,这一结论在进行多项稳健性检验后依然成立;第二,这一抑制作用对于运营较好的农业龙头企业、处于市场化程度更低地区的农业龙头企业以及规模更大的农业龙头企业更为明显;第三,社会信用环境的完善通过减轻农业龙头企业融资约束来有效抑制农业龙头企业的违规行为。研究结论为进一步改善社会信用环境并抑制涉农企业的违规行为提供了一些启示。

社会信用治理模型选择:由风险预测制迈向行为积分制

模型是对实践的抽象化表达,内含实践的认知理念和价值判断。不同信用模型内含不同的信用治理理念并会产生不同的社会效果。风险预测制模型用于风险预测和秩序控制,在实际社会信用治理中产生过度收集数据、模型黑箱化、难以有效预测等问题。究其原因,在于技术设计过程未能有效反映治理需求,反而消解了人的主体性地位。社会信用治理需要从行为改变出发,迈向行为导向,转换治理范式。行为积分制模型以行为理论为支撑,通过将社区治理过程中的日常事项转化为积分激励事项,推动社区居民积极参与到社区经济、政治、社会、文化、生态等建设中,以共建推动共同治理,将共治行为转化为积分,进而实现治理成果的共享,提供了民主治理的新范式。在推动信用体系建设过程中,应更多考虑行为积分制模型的应用和推广。

终身学习视域下学分银行新角色扩展探析

学分银行是构建终身教育体系的重要组成部分,具有全民性、权威性、安全性和灵活性等优势。但同时,它也因管理功能单一、数据采集困难、管理体制突破困难等问题而导致发展面临困境。扩展学分银行新角色,构建智力资源供需平台,形成“请求—响应”的“人人学、人人教”终身教育供给服务模式,基于社会知识网络的新型学分银行进一步形成“个体需求—多方响应—共同体学习”的新型终身学习模式。学分银行扩展新角色对加快发展面向每个人、适合每个人、更加开放灵活的终身教育体系具有重要意义。

地区失信环境与企业现金持有——来自失信被执行人的经验证据

构建相互信任的营商环境是经济高质量发展的基础。基于最高人民法院公布的失信被执行法人数据,实证检验地区失信环境对企业现金持有水平的影响并揭示其主要作用机制。研究发现:企业所在地区的失信被执行人越多,其现金持有水平越高;机制检验发现,失信环境能够加剧企业融资约束程度、增加费用支出和降低经营绩效,内外部资金来源受限以及增加的费用支出迫使企业出于预防性动机持有更高水平的现金;进一步检验发现,当企业的会计信息质量较差、规模较小时,失信环境中的企业需持有更多的现金以应对潜在风险。这些结论从现金持有的角度丰富了对失信环境经济后果的研究,为持续优化营商环境和完善社会信用体系提供了借鉴思路。