Drawing upon Donna Haraway’s cyborg theory,this paper argues that the bicycle can be conceived as a cyborg extension of body and identity which transcended its mechanical essence to become an integral co-partner for ...Drawing upon Donna Haraway’s cyborg theory,this paper argues that the bicycle can be conceived as a cyborg extension of body and identity which transcended its mechanical essence to become an integral co-partner for women involved in resistance activities in WWII.More specifically,the study explores how women used cycling during World War Ⅱ not only for mobility but as a profound expression of courage,endurance and solidarity which enabled them to overcome physical and symbolic barriers under totalitarian regimes.The bicycle emerges not only as a central co-agent but also actively co-creates the situations in which it emerges as a transformative force.Cycling acted as a catalyst for personal and collective empowerment,fostering new subjectivities while transcending physical and social limitations.This study sparks multidimensional discourse on how technological tools can co-create our societies and identities,offering insights into how bicycles can drive socio-political change,promote emancipation and foster inclusivity.展开更多
The year 2005 marks the 60th anniversary of the victory of the Chinese People’s War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression and the world’s anti-fascist war. China and many other countries have held all kinds of a...The year 2005 marks the 60th anniversary of the victory of the Chinese People’s War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression and the world’s anti-fascist war. China and many other countries have held all kinds of activities to commemorate this event that has most deeply impacted human history. The Second World War, the crudest war展开更多
It is important to clarify the historical facts and summarize the characteristics of the communication and cooperation between the CPC and the JCP during the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression,as it holds h...It is important to clarify the historical facts and summarize the characteristics of the communication and cooperation between the CPC and the JCP during the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression,as it holds historical and contemporary relevance.The research findings indicate that the Comintern played a crucial role as the key intermediary in facilitating the establishment of connections between the CPC and the JCP and in driving the deepening of their relationship.During their exchanges,both parties adhered to a flexible and multi-layered friendship based on the unified values of patriotism and internationalism.Their efforts played a significant role in the establishment of an international anti-fascist front in the East.展开更多
Chapter 1. Shenton mountain Battle making Great Prestige to the 129th DivisionChapter 2. A fierce fight in the Xiangtang town stricking the observating KMT Gen-erals dumbChapter 3. Rush Attack ! Surpris attack ! the 1...Chapter 1. Shenton mountain Battle making Great Prestige to the 129th DivisionChapter 2. A fierce fight in the Xiangtang town stricking the observating KMT Gen-erals dumbChapter 3. Rush Attack ! Surpris attack ! the 129th Division Creating A classics ofQuick attackChapter 4. Commanded by Mao Zedong, the 129th Division Rushed toward the GreatPlainChapter 5. Fallowing the Great Victory of the Xiang cheng Mountain Campaign,Casting a iarge net on the Southern Jinan Plain by the Commanders Liuand展开更多
It is important to clarify the historical facts and summarize the characteristics of the communication and cooperation between the CPC and the JCP during the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, as it holds ...It is important to clarify the historical facts and summarize the characteristics of the communication and cooperation between the CPC and the JCP during the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, as it holds historical and contemporary relevance. The research findings indicate that the Comintern played a crucial role as the key intermediary in facilitating the establishment of connections between the CPC and the JCP and in driving the deepening of their relationship. During their exchanges, both parties adhered to a flexible and multi-layered friendship based on the unified values of patriotism and internationalism. Their efforts played a significant role in the establishment of an international anti-fascist front in the East.展开更多
Microbial pathogens include bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites and together account for a significant percentage of acute and chronic human diseases. In addition to understanding the mechanisms by which various p...Microbial pathogens include bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites and together account for a significant percentage of acute and chronic human diseases. In addition to understanding the mechanisms by which various pathogens cause human disease, research in microbial pathogenesis also addresses mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance and the development of new antimicrobial agents and vaccines. Answering fundamental questions regarding host-microbe interactions requires an interdisciplinary approach, including microbiology, genomics, informatics, molecular and cellular biology, biochemistry, immunology, epidemiology, environment and interaction between host and microbe. Studies investigating the direct effects of pollutants on respiratory tract infections are very vast, but those interested in the role of a pre-existing disease and effects of the exposure on the response to secondary stresses are few. In an experimental study at concentrations of air pollutants found in urban environments, frank toxicological responses are rarely observed, however, exposure to secondary stress like the respiratory challenge with infectious bacteria can exacerbate the response of the experimental host. The models like experimental, mechanical, and mathematical are the most abstract, but they allow analysis and logical proofs in a way that other approaches do not permit. The present review is mostly concerned with these model representations particularly with a novel mathematical model explaining the interaction between pathogen and immunity including the equivalence point.展开更多
Modern Chinese Buddhist literature of the war of resistance against Japanese aggression is a unique literary phenomenon written in a unique era.Thematically,it combines the modern Buddhist consciousness of citizenship...Modern Chinese Buddhist literature of the war of resistance against Japanese aggression is a unique literary phenomenon written in a unique era.Thematically,it combines the modern Buddhist consciousness of citizenship and the traditional spirit of the Way of the Bodhisattva.In terms of individual life experience,it responds to the spirit of the times through the conscious and innovative use of Buddhist conceptions introduced in a modern manner;in terms of identifying a social role,its artistic practice consciously and actively answers the call of China’s wartime cultural strategy;and in terms of artistic production,it vigorously promotes modernization of expression and popular participation.These new elements and tendencies offer a perspective that cannot be overlooked if we are to gain an in-depth and comprehensive appreciation and evaluation of the role of wartime Buddhist literature in China’s national war of resistance.展开更多
COMPATRIOTS in Hong Kong share a revolutionary tradition. Early in 1922 and 1925, the Seamen’s Strike and Guangdong-Hong Kong Strike were taking place in Hong Kong, shocking the country and the world. During the one-...COMPATRIOTS in Hong Kong share a revolutionary tradition. Early in 1922 and 1925, the Seamen’s Strike and Guangdong-Hong Kong Strike were taking place in Hong Kong, shocking the country and the world. During the one-year-long Guangdong-Hong Kong Strike, many family members of workers also fought. Late in 1936, influenced by the upsurge of resistance against Japanese aggression in the country, people in Hong Kong rose up to help save the nation. Save-the-nation associations of women, students and literary and art circles went up one after another. When the news that展开更多
SINCE its foundation, the Hong Kong Student Association (HKSA) was productive, achieving much success and gaing public support."The students have been organized and shown the power of the collective. It is an ord...SINCE its foundation, the Hong Kong Student Association (HKSA) was productive, achieving much success and gaing public support."The students have been organized and shown the power of the collective. It is an ordinary thing on the Mainland, bu is a miracle in Hong Kong...," Shen Pao newspaper read. "The Hong Kong student movement seems promising for Hong Kong youth. The future is bright as the Chinese nation has such promising young people." In 1940, we ended the HKSA’s work. The female students’ work shifted to schools. Female student leaders went展开更多
This article presents a rare inside view of a unique project currently underway in China to study and preserve the memory of possibly the single most seminal event in Chinese modern history, the War of Resistance agai...This article presents a rare inside view of a unique project currently underway in China to study and preserve the memory of possibly the single most seminal event in Chinese modern history, the War of Resistance against Japan （1937-45）. The article introduces a multi-faceted program to preserve the wartime cultural heritage; the work is ongoing in the thriving western metropolis of Chongqing, once China＇s bomb-torn wartime capital and international Allied command center. It describes how, seven decades after World War II, scholars, cultural workers, government experts, and artists in China are joining hands in an unprecedented, all-encompassing project to record, restore, and recount the extraordinary legacy of China＇s War of Resistance in its local, as well as national and global contexts.展开更多
Discourses are politically-oriented realities that explain their selective and instrumental nature.That means discourses are mostly(re)produced by the political actors,and they conform to the changing agendas of these...Discourses are politically-oriented realities that explain their selective and instrumental nature.That means discourses are mostly(re)produced by the political actors,and they conform to the changing agendas of these actors.The trajectory of the resistance discourse,which reflects Hezbollah’s ideological(religious)approach,seems to confirm this generalisation owing to its noticeable association with Hezbollah’s political motivations over time.This allegedly revisionist discourse has two intertwined dimensions:One dimension regards Hezbollah’s position towards internal affairs,while the other concerns its external orientation.Hezbollah often claimed to champion the revisionist camp in these two realms,albeit its pro-status quo policies unfolded during the Syrian civil war and the recent Lebanese protests.These two events further manifested the positioned nature of the resistance discourse.In this context,this article will attempt to illustrate the political nature of the resistance discourse by disputing its long-held revisionist claims.To empirically support our argument,the status-quo-based factors behind the regular practice of the resistance discourse during the Syrian civil war and the Lebanese protests will be deeply investigated.展开更多
Memory of the Holocaust is viewed as one of the major pillars of theIsraeli Jewish identity. The Holocaust commemoration has undergoneseveral changes during the past seventy years, and now is maintainednot only by the...Memory of the Holocaust is viewed as one of the major pillars of theIsraeli Jewish identity. The Holocaust commemoration has undergoneseveral changes during the past seventy years, and now is maintainednot only by the state from above but also by the general public frombelow. This results in pluralistic ways of remembering the victimsand their suffering. Although the generation of survivors is fading,the commemoration becomes ever more thriving and variegated. Thearticle compares this Israeli experience with China’s commemorationof the War of Resistance against Japanese Invasion. Commemorationin China is reminiscent of what was normative in Israel fifty years ago:it is directed primarily by the state, is highly politicized, and has little room for commemorating individual victims. The de–personalized way of commemoration, in addition to manipulation of memories in a variety of low–quality TV serials prevents the general public from full identification with the victims of Japanese aggression. The article analyzes lessons from changing ways of commemorating the Holocaust in Israel, suggesting novel ways of teaching the painful past to young generations in China.展开更多
In the first half of the 20th century, during China's rapid transition from tradition to modernity, three major historical events occurred successively in Ding County, Hebei Province. These events illustrate the g...In the first half of the 20th century, during China's rapid transition from tradition to modernity, three major historical events occurred successively in Ding County, Hebei Province. These events illustrate the gradual broadening of the horizons of some rural women: shifting from the Confucian expectation that "women's rightful place is in the home" to a gradual extension into the public domain. The Zhaicheng village system took the first small step in breaking the Confucian gender norms by promoting female education in public spaces, yet it did not truly challenge the fundamental gender order of males outside the home and females within it. The Mass Education Movement saw the emergence of the first group of professional women in rural Ding County. However, they faced social exclusion as a consequence of entering the public domain. The Zhaicheng system and the gender-based teaching practices during the Mass Education Movement sowed the seeds of the impending tension and conflict experienced by women juggling dual roles within and outside the family. Amidst the bloodshed of the Chinese People's War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression and the War of Liberation(wars of Resistance and Liberation), female warriors, through sacrifice and devotion, ventured into the newly expanded public sphere of war, yet traditional gender norms continued to confine their broadened horizons to a transient phase in their lives. A collective examination of these three major occurrences shows that the gradual broadening of horizons for rural women in Ding County during the first half of the 20th century was inherent in the developmental trajectory of the village, embodying the idea that the modern nation was gradually emerging within the village in the concept of "nation from village."展开更多
文摘Drawing upon Donna Haraway’s cyborg theory,this paper argues that the bicycle can be conceived as a cyborg extension of body and identity which transcended its mechanical essence to become an integral co-partner for women involved in resistance activities in WWII.More specifically,the study explores how women used cycling during World War Ⅱ not only for mobility but as a profound expression of courage,endurance and solidarity which enabled them to overcome physical and symbolic barriers under totalitarian regimes.The bicycle emerges not only as a central co-agent but also actively co-creates the situations in which it emerges as a transformative force.Cycling acted as a catalyst for personal and collective empowerment,fostering new subjectivities while transcending physical and social limitations.This study sparks multidimensional discourse on how technological tools can co-create our societies and identities,offering insights into how bicycles can drive socio-political change,promote emancipation and foster inclusivity.
文摘The year 2005 marks the 60th anniversary of the victory of the Chinese People’s War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression and the world’s anti-fascist war. China and many other countries have held all kinds of activities to commemorate this event that has most deeply impacted human history. The Second World War, the crudest war
基金supported by Youth Fund for Humanities and Social Sciences Research of the Ministry of Education“Research on the Translation,Sharing,and Evolution of Marxist Terminology in the Early Translation of the Communist Manifesto between China and Japan”(《共产党宣言》在中日两国早期译介过程中马克思主义术语的译出、共享与演变研究,20YJC740035).
文摘It is important to clarify the historical facts and summarize the characteristics of the communication and cooperation between the CPC and the JCP during the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression,as it holds historical and contemporary relevance.The research findings indicate that the Comintern played a crucial role as the key intermediary in facilitating the establishment of connections between the CPC and the JCP and in driving the deepening of their relationship.During their exchanges,both parties adhered to a flexible and multi-layered friendship based on the unified values of patriotism and internationalism.Their efforts played a significant role in the establishment of an international anti-fascist front in the East.
文摘Chapter 1. Shenton mountain Battle making Great Prestige to the 129th DivisionChapter 2. A fierce fight in the Xiangtang town stricking the observating KMT Gen-erals dumbChapter 3. Rush Attack ! Surpris attack ! the 129th Division Creating A classics ofQuick attackChapter 4. Commanded by Mao Zedong, the 129th Division Rushed toward the GreatPlainChapter 5. Fallowing the Great Victory of the Xiang cheng Mountain Campaign,Casting a iarge net on the Southern Jinan Plain by the Commanders Liuand
基金Youth Fund for Humanities and Social Sciences Research of the Ministry of Education “Research on the Translation, Sharing, and Evolution of Marxist Terminology in the Early Translation of the Communist Manifesto between China and Japan”
文摘It is important to clarify the historical facts and summarize the characteristics of the communication and cooperation between the CPC and the JCP during the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, as it holds historical and contemporary relevance. The research findings indicate that the Comintern played a crucial role as the key intermediary in facilitating the establishment of connections between the CPC and the JCP and in driving the deepening of their relationship. During their exchanges, both parties adhered to a flexible and multi-layered friendship based on the unified values of patriotism and internationalism. Their efforts played a significant role in the establishment of an international anti-fascist front in the East.
文摘Microbial pathogens include bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites and together account for a significant percentage of acute and chronic human diseases. In addition to understanding the mechanisms by which various pathogens cause human disease, research in microbial pathogenesis also addresses mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance and the development of new antimicrobial agents and vaccines. Answering fundamental questions regarding host-microbe interactions requires an interdisciplinary approach, including microbiology, genomics, informatics, molecular and cellular biology, biochemistry, immunology, epidemiology, environment and interaction between host and microbe. Studies investigating the direct effects of pollutants on respiratory tract infections are very vast, but those interested in the role of a pre-existing disease and effects of the exposure on the response to secondary stresses are few. In an experimental study at concentrations of air pollutants found in urban environments, frank toxicological responses are rarely observed, however, exposure to secondary stress like the respiratory challenge with infectious bacteria can exacerbate the response of the experimental host. The models like experimental, mechanical, and mathematical are the most abstract, but they allow analysis and logical proofs in a way that other approaches do not permit. The present review is mostly concerned with these model representations particularly with a novel mathematical model explaining the interaction between pathogen and immunity including the equivalence point.
文摘Modern Chinese Buddhist literature of the war of resistance against Japanese aggression is a unique literary phenomenon written in a unique era.Thematically,it combines the modern Buddhist consciousness of citizenship and the traditional spirit of the Way of the Bodhisattva.In terms of individual life experience,it responds to the spirit of the times through the conscious and innovative use of Buddhist conceptions introduced in a modern manner;in terms of identifying a social role,its artistic practice consciously and actively answers the call of China’s wartime cultural strategy;and in terms of artistic production,it vigorously promotes modernization of expression and popular participation.These new elements and tendencies offer a perspective that cannot be overlooked if we are to gain an in-depth and comprehensive appreciation and evaluation of the role of wartime Buddhist literature in China’s national war of resistance.
文摘COMPATRIOTS in Hong Kong share a revolutionary tradition. Early in 1922 and 1925, the Seamen’s Strike and Guangdong-Hong Kong Strike were taking place in Hong Kong, shocking the country and the world. During the one-year-long Guangdong-Hong Kong Strike, many family members of workers also fought. Late in 1936, influenced by the upsurge of resistance against Japanese aggression in the country, people in Hong Kong rose up to help save the nation. Save-the-nation associations of women, students and literary and art circles went up one after another. When the news that
文摘SINCE its foundation, the Hong Kong Student Association (HKSA) was productive, achieving much success and gaing public support."The students have been organized and shown the power of the collective. It is an ordinary thing on the Mainland, bu is a miracle in Hong Kong...," Shen Pao newspaper read. "The Hong Kong student movement seems promising for Hong Kong youth. The future is bright as the Chinese nation has such promising young people." In 1940, we ended the HKSA’s work. The female students’ work shifted to schools. Female student leaders went
文摘This article presents a rare inside view of a unique project currently underway in China to study and preserve the memory of possibly the single most seminal event in Chinese modern history, the War of Resistance against Japan （1937-45）. The article introduces a multi-faceted program to preserve the wartime cultural heritage; the work is ongoing in the thriving western metropolis of Chongqing, once China＇s bomb-torn wartime capital and international Allied command center. It describes how, seven decades after World War II, scholars, cultural workers, government experts, and artists in China are joining hands in an unprecedented, all-encompassing project to record, restore, and recount the extraordinary legacy of China＇s War of Resistance in its local, as well as national and global contexts.
文摘Discourses are politically-oriented realities that explain their selective and instrumental nature.That means discourses are mostly(re)produced by the political actors,and they conform to the changing agendas of these actors.The trajectory of the resistance discourse,which reflects Hezbollah’s ideological(religious)approach,seems to confirm this generalisation owing to its noticeable association with Hezbollah’s political motivations over time.This allegedly revisionist discourse has two intertwined dimensions:One dimension regards Hezbollah’s position towards internal affairs,while the other concerns its external orientation.Hezbollah often claimed to champion the revisionist camp in these two realms,albeit its pro-status quo policies unfolded during the Syrian civil war and the recent Lebanese protests.These two events further manifested the positioned nature of the resistance discourse.In this context,this article will attempt to illustrate the political nature of the resistance discourse by disputing its long-held revisionist claims.To empirically support our argument,the status-quo-based factors behind the regular practice of the resistance discourse during the Syrian civil war and the Lebanese protests will be deeply investigated.
文摘Memory of the Holocaust is viewed as one of the major pillars of theIsraeli Jewish identity. The Holocaust commemoration has undergoneseveral changes during the past seventy years, and now is maintainednot only by the state from above but also by the general public frombelow. This results in pluralistic ways of remembering the victimsand their suffering. Although the generation of survivors is fading,the commemoration becomes ever more thriving and variegated. Thearticle compares this Israeli experience with China’s commemorationof the War of Resistance against Japanese Invasion. Commemorationin China is reminiscent of what was normative in Israel fifty years ago:it is directed primarily by the state, is highly politicized, and has little room for commemorating individual victims. The de–personalized way of commemoration, in addition to manipulation of memories in a variety of low–quality TV serials prevents the general public from full identification with the victims of Japanese aggression. The article analyzes lessons from changing ways of commemorating the Holocaust in Israel, suggesting novel ways of teaching the painful past to young generations in China.
基金the National Social Science Fund project "Research on the Formative Mechanism and Governance of Absent Fatherhood from the Perspective of Early Childhood Education"(21BSH118)。
文摘In the first half of the 20th century, during China's rapid transition from tradition to modernity, three major historical events occurred successively in Ding County, Hebei Province. These events illustrate the gradual broadening of the horizons of some rural women: shifting from the Confucian expectation that "women's rightful place is in the home" to a gradual extension into the public domain. The Zhaicheng village system took the first small step in breaking the Confucian gender norms by promoting female education in public spaces, yet it did not truly challenge the fundamental gender order of males outside the home and females within it. The Mass Education Movement saw the emergence of the first group of professional women in rural Ding County. However, they faced social exclusion as a consequence of entering the public domain. The Zhaicheng system and the gender-based teaching practices during the Mass Education Movement sowed the seeds of the impending tension and conflict experienced by women juggling dual roles within and outside the family. Amidst the bloodshed of the Chinese People's War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression and the War of Liberation(wars of Resistance and Liberation), female warriors, through sacrifice and devotion, ventured into the newly expanded public sphere of war, yet traditional gender norms continued to confine their broadened horizons to a transient phase in their lives. A collective examination of these three major occurrences shows that the gradual broadening of horizons for rural women in Ding County during the first half of the 20th century was inherent in the developmental trajectory of the village, embodying the idea that the modern nation was gradually emerging within the village in the concept of "nation from village."
