Geographical Indication Characteristics and Agricultural Intellectual Property Protection of the Tea in Enshi Prefecture

Agricultural intellectual property rights can protect the innovation of agricultural science and technology. Enshi Prefecture is China's important tea-producing area. Its tea industry has become a pillar industry. The prefecture enjoys a reputation of " world selenium capital",and is the best birthplace of natural selenium-enriched tea. The national geographical indication protection has been implemented for Enshi Yulu Tea,Enshi selenium-enriched tea,Wujiatai Tribute Tea,Hefeng Tea,Mapo Tea,etc. This paper introduces the geographical indication characteristics and agricultural intellectual property protection of the tea in this world selenium capital,analyses the countermeasures for agricultural intellectual property protection,and puts forward some constructive suggestions.

Marx’s Theory of World History Explained: Basic Connotations and Contemporary Context

Marx’s theory of world history is an important part of his materialist conception of history(i.e., historical materialism). Marx and Engels summarized the evolution of social history and the laws behind it based on their observations and analyses of human activities and their material conditions in real life and raised the realistic possibility of “transformation of history into world history” in the future. From the Marxist perspective of world history, we attempt to catch a glimpse of his profound, scientific criticism of capitalism and understand the contemporaneity and supercontemporaneity of Marxism. Also, we try to perceive new issues of our time and develop a new theory grounded in the scientific, rational, and universal insights from Marxism. The study of Marx’s theory of world history and criticism of capitalism can help understand today’s major issues such as globalization and anti-globalization. In short, Marx’s theory of world history is of profound theoretical and practical significance.

Evaluation of the Degree of Opening to the Outside World in Guizhou Province

The goal of economic opening to the outside world is an important basis for formulating and implementing the policy of opening. Different economic development strategies have different requirements for the degree of economic opening to the outside world. Guizhou should implement the open economy and adopt the export-oriented development strategy, which objectively requires Guizhou to gradually improve the degree of opening to the outside world.

Development of Selenium-enriched Wellness Ecotourism in the World Selenium Capital Enshi Prefecture

Health ecotourism is an emerging form of tourism industry. Selenium is an essential nutrient in delaying aging,has signifi cant therapeutic effect on various diseases. Enshi Prefecture in Hubei Province enjoys a reputation of the "World Selenium Capital",is a region of high-concentration negative oxygen ion and livable climate. The prefecture has unique regional advantages with selenium-enriched wellness ecotourism. Through introducing selenium-enriched tourism resources,ecotourism resources and health tourism resources in the World Selenium Capital,this paper analyses the development countermeasures for the selenium-enriched wellness ecotourism,and puts forward constructive suggestions.

Industry Development and Genetic Resources Protection of Animal Husbandry in the World Selenium Capital Enshi Prefecture

Agricultural genetic resource is an important component of agricultural intellectual property. The protection of livestock genetic resources is related to sustainable development of animal husbandry and biodiversity. Enshi Prefecture enjoys a reputation of ＂world selenium capital＂, and has the important animal genetic resources of Enshi yellow cattle, Enshi black pig, Enshi horse-head goat, Jingyang chicken, Enshi bee, silkworm, etc. The prefecture is the best place for natural selenium-euriched livestock products. This paper introduces genetic resources and industry of animal husbandry in the prefecture, analyses the countermeasures of genetic resources protection and industry development, and further puts forward some constructive suggestions.

The Power of Social Capital in Massive Multiplayer Online Games＂ Cooperation and Cronyism in World of Warcraft

The number of people playing Massive Multiplayer Online Games （MMOGs） is growing steadily, yet there are limited studies on the social impact that this online activity has. This research, using both quantitative and qualitative data, focused on whether users of the most popular MMOG, World of Warcraft （WOW）, exhibited behaviors of social capital in their online gaming activity and whether there was any correlation to offiine social capital. The findings indicated that cooperation provided the best indicator to make a correlation about a gamer＇s offiine social capital behaviors. One conclusion, stemming from this is that, in virtual worlds, the added social capital can lead to cronyism and help those in power maintain the status quo.

ONGOING PREDICAMENTS OF CAPITALISM AND FUTURE TREND OF WORLD ORDER

According to the viewpoint of historical materialism,the economic base determines the superstructure.In the long process of its development,capitalism has not only shaped political and economic institutions within countries but also profoundly impacted the development and transition of the world order.However,since the international financial crisis

World Porcelain Capital Playing the Spring Overture——Notes on the Building of Jingdezhen City into the World Porcelain Capital

Jingdezhen city lies in the Northeast of Jiangxi Province.It is located in the transitional area between the Huangshan-Huaiyushan mountain range and the Plain of Poyang Lake and is known as the historical"capital of porcelain"with a history of about 1000 years.It was listed as the four

On the Human Rights Dilemma of “Surplus Population” in Contemporary Western Developed Countries

As capitalist society develops from a producer society to a consumer society, from the dominance of material production to the rise of non-material production, and from the dominance of labor-intensive industries to the rise of knowledge-intensive industries(accompanied by the shift of labor-intensive industries to the Third World countries), the generation and composition of the “Surplus Population” in Western developed countries have demonstrated new historical characteristics. The capitalists not only refuse to solve the problems they have created but even “besiege” these unfortunate victims by moral and legal means. They marginalize and stigmatize the “Surplus Population” with work ethics, to severely damage the moral foundation for them to enjoy human rights. They reach an agreement for the welfare system, criminal practice, and work ethic to reinforce social indifference and hostility towards the “Surplus Population”, pushing them into a more difficult human rights situation, even excluding them from the scope of legal recognition and protection of human rights. However, the “Surplus Population”, which is considered “useless, redundant and dangerous”, is included in the process of capitalist production in a way that is excluded by the above-mentioned morality and law, becoming the “utility of futility.” As a result, the subjectivity of the “Surplus Population” as human beings is deprived.

《共产党宣言》的时代性阐释——基于“两个大局”的分析视野

《共产党宣言》已经并将继续深刻影响世界历史进程。对于其时代性阐释应立足中华民族伟大复兴的战略全局和世界百年未有之大变局,从三个维度展开。从国际维度看,我们要用历史的眼光看待世界的发展变化,看待由西方主导的世界秩序的改变与当今发展中国家的崛起;从国内维度看,要回到马克思主义经典文本中正确认识和把握资本的特性和行为规律,科学认识社会主义基本经济制度的资本范畴;从政党建设维度看,《共产党宣言》蕴含着共产党人的政治立场、政治思想、政治任务、政治原则等思想,是共产党人政治建设思想的理论源头,对于我们推进新时代党的建设新的伟大工程具有重要的意义。

No country is an island in regulating food safety:How the WTO monitors Chinese food safety laws through the Trade Policy Review Mechanism(TPRM)

Established within the framework of the World Trade Organization （WTO）, the Trade Policy Review Mechanism （TPRM） reviews periodically the trade policies of all WTO Members. The review includes many aspects of food safety regulation. China＇s trade policy is reviewed every two years. This paper analyses in detail the reviews of China＇s trade policy in 2006, 2008, 2010, 2012 and 2014. It focuses in particular on food safety laws and types of standards, alignment of domestic standards with international standards, the role of different domestic institutions, transparency and notification of food safety measures under the WTO agreements on Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures （SPS） and on Technical Barriers to Trade （TBTAgreement）, import and export, and geographical indications （GIs）. It concludes that the WTO TPRM can contribute, within its mandate, to reform of Chinese food safety laws and improvement of food safety in China. it notes that China has already undertaken substantial reforms of its system for regulating food safety. It recommends that China should continue to participate actively in the TPRM, follow its own path with regard to alignment and learn selectively from other WTO Members.

Selection of Mergers and Acquisitions by Foreign Capital in Open Economies

By a linear Cournot model, the factors associated with the integration of two firms are discussed in terms of their effects on the private surplus and the social welfare in economies with varying extent of openness. Meanwhile, the trade policy of the host government is taken into account. It is concluded that the more open the economy and the more intense the competition, the less profitable the integration; the most important determinant to the changes of the domestic social welfare is the industry strength of the host country. The host authority can enhance the domestic social welfare in two ways： to adjust the trade policy and to only approve the socially desirable cross-border mergers and acquisitions.

Technology and Society in the Digital Era

The article discusses the emergence of some major catches throughout the present digital era. It reviews the discrepancy between the technology rate of advancement and human-beings’ ability to follow, comprehend, and adjust to it. This is, in essence, the articles’ subject matter. Several issues are analyzed about their relationships with the technological advancement. Among them are: basic knowledge and trivia, high education, human-touch decreasing, communication and media, freedom and responsibility, culture, bureaucracy, and population inquiry methods. At the last section, the social-capitalism idea is presented and proposed to be the political-economic platform of contemporary era. The proposed manifesto, which rests on collaboration, balanced activity, and common interest, refers to the following points: a. Firm’s goals should contain three elements1;b. competition is just one of other motivation factors;c. government involvement in economy is a real must;d. local and global considerations should be balanced;and e. social services The digital era/age represents a remarkable period of many technological achievements. Technical accomplishments achieved during the past 50 years, well surpassed almost all the advancements invented from the early days of history, some 5,000 years back. This achievement just demonstrates the smartness and talent, ingenuity, and wisdom of the members of Western civilization. However, it is a sad fact that since the early days of civilization, a permanent race took place between technological advancement and people or society development. This unfortunate race took place from those early days when science, philosophy, and arts were created and executed by gifted individuals that were only few and scarce until today. It is a known fact that only a small number of scholars were able to write and read the scripts of the early Egyptians or the wit of the ancient Greeks. The rest of those people, the majority, remained illiterate and ignorant. Similarly, the printing technology that was invented in the 15th century and enabled books and printed matter to be more popular and available did not terminate illiteracy. Nevertheless, 500 years had to pass until, due to public schooling, education prevailed and illiteracy was defeated. Usually, throughout history, one can see that technology advances faster and more rapidly than the ability of human beings or societies to accept, practice, and maximize their use of it. This permanent gap between two of the leading trends in manhood grows even faster during the as a security-net must be maintained. It is assumed that such a balanced policy will enable a continual course of creative prosperity combined with stable fair and happier life for all.

Social Policies in the Thirties in Europe:Crisis and Solution-The Italian Case

Drawing from historiography and literature on the subject and considering the consequences produced on the European society by World War I and the 1929 Wall Street Crisis,this article aims at analysing some aspects of the fascist construction of welfare state.The model suggested by the fascist regime in the thirties was a typical totalitarian welfare state,which used social policies to strengthen the home front and to build consensus for the regime.Despite the fascist regime had the war as its goal,it did not mobilize the country on the eve of World War II,but preferred to invest in social assistance and welfare,for reasons of political convenience.Moreover,the analysis of fascist social policy measures,such as social security,points out that some flaws in the social security system,such as excessive spending,or the categorical approach to assistance and social security typical of fascism,were borrowed from republican Italy.

体育参与、社会资本与个体福利提升——基于福利经济学理论和CFPS调查数据的研究

研究目标:基于福利经济学和阿马蒂亚·森的可行能力理论构建个体福利指标体系,来检验体育参与对个体福利提升的作用和效应以及社会资本的中介作用。研究方法:利用中国家庭追踪调查数据库(CFPS)的微观数据,运用多元线性回归模型和KHB中介效应检验法和可视化进行实证分析。研究结论:体育参与不仅可以提升个体总福利水平,还可以提升分维度福利水平;社会资本在体育参与影响个体福利的过程中发挥中介作用,其中,个体社会资本对健康和幸福感维度的福利提升作用较大,集体社会资本对教育和收入维度的福利提升作用较大。研究创新:揭示了体育参与通过社会资本对个体福利提升的影响机理。研究价值:为进一步促进全民健身、实施健康中国战略提供理论支撑。

大数据时代企业数字化转型、智力资本与投资效率

以2017—2021年沪深A股上市公司为研究对象,研究企业数字化转型与投资效率之间的关系,同时分析在企业智力资本的影响下,数字化转型对企业投资效率产生的影响,并进一步研究不同的对外开放程度对地区企业数字化转型投资效率的不同影响。研究结果表明,企业数字化转型对投资效率有促进作用,并且对处于对外开放程度高的地区的企业,促进作用更加明显。同时,数字化转型能够通过提高智力资本这一路径提高企业的投资效率。

全球海洋中心城市的湾区实践——以粤港澳大湾区为例

粤港澳大湾区是加快实施海洋强国战略的重要支点,全球海洋中心城市建设则是进一步推动粤港澳大湾区建设的关键抓手。全球海洋中心城市作为当前海洋城市建设与评价最具影响力的目标对象,需要分别在全球与湾区视角下考察粤港澳大湾区的优势与挑战。本研究通过解读全球海洋中心城市的概念与内涵,剖析了典型全球海洋中心城市的显著特征,以及与国际一流湾区发展的关系。研究发现,粤港澳大湾区在全球海洋中心城市数量和航运物流方面具有优势,但是在海事技术、竞争力与吸引力等方面面临巨大的竞争挑战。粤港澳大湾区推进全球海洋中心城市建设,着重要加快提升国际航运能力、加强海洋科技创新、参与全球海洋治理、强化海洋战略规划等。

我国全球海洋中心城市评价及提升策略

建设全球海洋中心城市是践行海洋强国战略的重要举措,但我国城市建设现状有待全面评估。从航运、海洋金融和法律、海事技术等五个维度构建评价指标体系,全面评估并提出提升策略。结果表明:(1)上海、香港地区各项得分均处于较高水平,是综合型全球海洋中心城市。广州、宁波、青岛、厦门和大连在部分领域具有专业优势。天津、深圳等城市具有成为全球海洋中心城市的潜力。福州、泉州等基础较差,不宜将全球海洋中心城市作为发展目标。(2)我国海洋中心城市呈现出“双综五专多潜力”梯级结构,“南强北弱”趋势明显。(3)建议深化国际合作提升全球影响力,构筑全球海洋中心城市群以及培育海洋经济增长新支点。

弹性退休制度对经济增长和社会福利的影响研究——基于新古典增长模型

当今世界人口问题日趋严重,中国作为世界人口大国,面临的挑战更是前所未有:在长期人口增长的背景下,中国当前进入人口发展的新时期;同时,还面临1962-1975年高生育率时期出生人口逐渐老龄化所带来的社会老龄化问题。这两个因素迅速加重了现有养老体系的负担。参考已实施弹性退休政策的OECD国家的相关安排,立足现有中国基本养老保险制度,在新古典增长模型中引入老年人退休决策因子,模拟中国实行弹性退休制度,并确定相应的经济动态均衡状态。通过调整模型中各政策参数,探究老年人退休决策对经济增长和福利差距的影响机制。基于研究结果,建议未来应实施弹性退休制度,进一步推行结构性减税和结构性调整养老保险缴费率。

平台经济对灵活就业者收入和主观福利的影响研究

平台经济的兴起,引发了人们对灵活就业者收入和主观福利的关注。本文基于2012—2018年中国劳动力动态调查数据库,分析平台经济对灵活就业者收入和主观福利的影响及其机制。研究结果表明,平台经济能够提高灵活就业者收入和主观福利,并且该结论在考虑内生性问题及各种稳健性检验后依然成立。进一步分析结果表明,平台经济通过提高就业匹配度和社会资本的途径实现灵活就业者收入和主观福利的提升;文化程度能够调节平台经济对灵活就业者收入和主观福利的影响;相对于灵活就业者而言,平台经济对正规就业者主观福利的影响效应更大,但对其收入并无显著影响。异质性分析结果显示,平台经济对灵活就业者中的青年、男性、文化程度较高、城镇户口、东部地区个体的收入和主观福利的提升效应明显。因此,政府应加强对特殊群体的技能培训,提供职业转型支持和必要的社会保障,以促进平台经济持续健康发展,进一步提升灵活就业者收入和主观福利。