Effect of Mechanical Surface Treatment on the Bonding Mechanism and Properties of Cold‑Rolled Cu/Al Clad Plate

In the case of valuable cold-rolled Cu/Al clad plates,billet surface treatment before rolling is a significant process that can affect the bonding efficiency and quality.While the current studies primarily focus on the influence of rolling parameters,insufficient attention has been paid to surface treatment.In this study,the effects of mechanical surface treatment on the bonding mechanism and bonding properties of cold-rolled Cu/Al clad plates were investigated.The results showed that different mechanical surface treatments have significant effects on the surface morphology,roughness,and residual stress.In addition,the effect of surface mechanical treatment on bonding quality was also observed to be critical.When the grinding direction was consistent with the rolling direction(RD),the bonding quality of the Cu/Al clad plates was significantly improved.After surface treatment along the RD for 20 s,the Cu/Al clad plates showed the highest shear strength(78 MPa),approximately four times as high as that of the unpolished samples.Simultaneously,the peel strength of this process was also significantly higher than that achieved via the other processes.Finally,on the basis of the surface morphology,roughness,and residual stress,the effect of surface treatment on the bonding mechanism and bonding properties of Cu/Al clad plates was analyzed.This study proposes a deeper understanding of the bonding behavior and bonding mechanism for cold rolled clad plates processed via mechanical surface treatment.

Chrome free surface treatments for galvanized steels—present and future

As the galvanized steels used for electrical and office appliances has achieved a complete chrome-free production worldwide,surface treatment technologies have entered a new phase of development.Grenter effort will be made in exploring new frontier for future surface treatment technologies.A greater contribution will be made for environmental protection,energy-saving and resource-saving,to prevent globalwarming.

NH_3 Plasma Surface Treatments of Engineering Fluoropolymers: A Way to Enhance Adhesion of Ni or Cu Thin Films Deposited by Electroless Plating

This paper describes the electroless Ni or Cu plating of some fiuoropolymer substrates through a tin-free activation process. Materials subjected to surface metallization are commercial Teflon() FEP, Nafion(), ACLAR() and LaRCTM-CP1 thin films which have recently gained a large scientific and technological interest due to their excellent thermal, chemical, mechanical and dielectric properties. The original approach implemented in the present work involves: (i)the grafting of nitrogen-containing functionalities on the polymer surfaces through plasma treatments in ammonia, (ii) the direct catalysis of the so-modified surfaces via their immersion in a simple acidic PdCl2 solution (i.e. without using a prior surface sensitization in an acidic SnCl2 solution), and finally (iii) the electroless metallization itself. However, prior to the immersion in the industrial plating baths, the chemical reduction of the Pd+2 species (species covalently tethered on the nitrogen-containing groups) to metallic palladium (PdO) is shown to be a key factor in catalyzing the electroless deposition initiation. This is made by immersion in an hypophosphite (H2PO2-) solution. Wettability measurements and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) experiments are used to characterize every surface modification step of the developed process. A cross-hatch tape test was used to asses the adhesion strength of the electroless films that is shown qualitatively good. In addition, a fragmentation test was developed in combination with electrical measurements. Its use allows to distinguish different adhesion levels at the metal/polymer interface and to evidence the influence of some processing parameters.

Study on composite surface treatment of 38CrMoAl steel

In this paper, a new composite surface treatment technology of electric brush plating Ni W alloy and nitrocarburizing composite process of 38CrMoAl steel has been studied .The properties, microstructure and phase composition of the surface layer of 38CrMoAl steel are examined by optical microscopy , scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X ray diffraction . The experiment on the wear resistance of surface layer is carried out . The effect of the thickness of electric brush plating of Ni W alloy and the holding time of nitrocarburizing on the properties and the microstructure of surface layer are studied .The results show that good metallurgical bonding is transformed from mechanical bonding in electric brush plating deposits with 38CrMoAl steel; the components of surface deposit microstructure are Ni base phase with less disperse WC,WN particles . The wear resistance of surface layer of 38CrMoAl steel treated by the composite process has increased 8 times compared with that by nitrocarburizing .The optimum electric brush plating thickness is 20 μm , and the optimum holding time of nitrocarburizing is 80 min at 540 ℃ .

UV-LED Curing Cationic Passivation Film for the Surface of Hot-Dip Aluminum-Zinc Coated Steel Plate

The surface treatment technology of hot aluminum-zinc steel plate and UV curing technology may be effectively combined in the present research. According to different light curing mechanisms, different formulations from UV curing surface treatment agents can be applied to the surface treatment of hot aluminum-zinc steel plate, mainly including 3-ethyl-3-benzoxy-methyl oxacyclobutane (TCM 104) and 3,4-epoxy-cyclohexylformic acid -3',4'-epoxy-cyclohexyl methyl ester (UVR 6110) as active diluents, high molecular weight polyfunctional oxacyclobutane as oligomer, triaryl sulfonium salt as a cationic photoinitiator, and an anthracene compound as a sensitizer. 385 nm LED lamp used as a radiation resource, the effects of the proportion of active diluent, the type and amount of photoinitiator, the amount of sensitizer, the curing temperature, and the amount of nano-SiO2 on the photocuring rate were investigated by photoper-scanning differential calorimetry (Photo-DSC). The experimental results show that the system has the fastest photocuring rate under the conditions of 8:2 ratio of TCM 104 to UVR 6110, 2.5% photoinitiator, 0.6% sensitizer, 0.2% nano-SiO2 additive, and 80˚C curing temperature. Based on addition of the appropriate number of various additives, the cationic photocuring surface treatment solution was prepared and further coated on the hot-dip galvalume steel plates. After curing, the passivation films were characterized by neutral salt spray test (NSST), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), electrochemical testing and other methods. The results show that the formulations could be cured at an energy of 150 mJ/cm2, and the overall performance of the passivation film could meet with the requirements of the downstream users.

Effect of Surface Treatment on Bonding Strength of Aluminum-Magnesium Hot-Rolled Composite Plate

The effect of different surface treatments on the bonding strength of composite plates was investigated under the conditions of 400°C and reduction ratio of 45%.Results show that the wire brush grinding treatment can only eliminate the oxide film on the plate surface,but it can hardly produce a hard layer on the plate surface.The bonding effect depends on the element diffusion promoted by the close contact between the metals on both sides of the interface.After anodic oxidation,there is a hard layer on the metal surface,and the hard layer broken during the rolling process forms a mechanical occlusion at the bonding interface.However,the hard layer cannot form an effective combination with the metal at the interface,and the bonding can only occur in the fresh metal bonding area at the crack of the hard layer.The acid-alkali washing treatment can completely remove the hard layer on the surface of both alloys without increasing the surface roughness of the plate,and the metal on both sides of the interface is more closely bonded during the rolling process.The optimal bonding strength can be obtained by surface treatment of acid-alkali washing for the aluminum-magnesium hot-rolled bonding.

Reparation and Performance Testing of Free Radical Photocurable Passivation Film Modified by Titanate Coupling Agent for Hot-plated Aluminum-zinc Steel Plate

To study the effect of free radical photocurable passivation film modified by titanate coupling agent for hot-plated aluminum-zinc plate,trimethylpropane triacrylate(TMPTA)and 2-phenoxyethyl acrylate were used as active diluents,a mixture of modified epoxy acrylate and modified polyester acrylate in a certain proportion was used as an oligomer,2-methyl-1-[4-(methylothyl)benzene]-2-morpholine acetone(907)was used as a free radical photoinitiator,isopropyl thioxanthone(ITX)was used as sensitizer,and bis(dioctyl phosphate acyl)titanate ethyltitanate acrylamide chelate(FD-812)was used as corrosion inhibitor modifier.After UV-curing,the passivation film was characterized by neutral salt spray test,electrochemical testing and other methods.The general performance of the passivation film may meet the requirements of downstream users of hot aluminum-zinc steel plate.The neutral salt spray test,electrochemical testing and microscopic surface morphology analysis of passivation film are in agreement.The introduction of titanate components may effectively promote the photocuring of free radicals.There have been few reports on the titanate coupling which is added to UV-curing coating formula.The titanate coupling agent contains acrylamide groups and terminal amine groups,acrylamide group has oligomer and crosslinking monomer,the terminal tertiary amine groups can provide hydrogen protons,reduce oxygen polymerization,and a phosphating film is formed on the surface of the metal substrate to improve the adhesion and corrosion resistance of the coating.

镀镍磷金属片表面处理对电镀铜生长状态影响的研究

对镀镍磷金属片进行了微蚀,化学镀铜,微蚀后化学镀铜这三种表面处理,对比了表面处理方法对镀镍磷金属片表面形貌、电镀铜平整性和可靠性的影响。结果表明,化学镀铜处理能够有效提升镀镍磷金属片表面的平整性,提升导电性,得到平整可靠的电镀铜层。化学镀铜处理方法有效解决了在化学镀镍表面直接电镀铜的平整性和可靠性问题,为提升电镀铜平整性和可靠性提供有效手段。

基于改进YOLOv5s的汽车空调出风口缺陷检测研究

针对目前人工在汽车空调出风口缺陷检测任务中效率低、漏检率高的问题,构建一种YOLO-CSD模型对其进行更高效的检测。首先,在YOLOv5主干网络中引入坐标注意力机制(coordinate attention,CA),增强网络对汽车空调出风口缺陷的特征提取能力;其次,引入空间转深度(Space-to-Depth,SPD-Conv)下采样模块,替换网络中原有的跨步卷积和池化层,减少特征提取过程中细微特征的丢失;最后,将耦合检测头替换成解耦头(Decoupled Head),缓解分类任务与回归任务的冲突问题,从而提高缺陷检出率。在自制的汽车空调出风口缺陷数据集上,改进后模型的平均精度(mAP)达到93.6%,提高了3.4个百分点,平均每张图片检测时间29.4 ms。YOLO-CSD在汽车空调出风口缺陷检测中有明显效果,为构建汽车空调出风口自动化质检系统奠定了基础,同时也为其他镀铬产品的表面缺陷检测提供了新的参考。

3D打印铝合金液冷板在冷却液中的静态腐蚀

目的 对比3D打印铝合金液冷板材料经不同表面处理后在冷却液中的静态腐蚀情况,并预测静态腐蚀速率。方法 通过p H值测试、腐蚀表面形貌分析来监测冷却液和铝合金的变化,通过电化学方法测试样件的腐蚀动力学参数,通过质量损失试验测量材料的腐蚀速率和年腐蚀深度,通过EDS分析腐蚀产物。结果 所有试验组冷却液p H均整体呈下降趋势。在试样表面可以观测到明显的腐蚀现象,集中发生于试样表面的缺陷位置。不同表面处理的样件,其腐蚀速率不同,差异最大可达16倍。冷却液中的有效缓蚀成分参与了试样表面腐蚀产物膜的形成,在表面沉积了P、Ca等元素。结论 3D打印成形铝合金材料在冷却液中的年腐蚀深度整体较小,其耐蚀性良好,进行液态磨粒抛光或酸洗处理能降低研究材料在冷却液中的静态腐蚀速率。

紧固件防腐工艺技术研究进展

紧固件能够紧密连接机械部件,是机械设施中至关重要的金属零件。为避免紧固件受到腐蚀以保证机械设施使用的可靠性,该文对现有紧固件防腐工艺技术展开研究。研究结果表明,发黑、发蓝工艺极为成熟,但由于紧固件所产生的氧化铁薄膜未能满足高强度紧固件需求。涂层工艺具有良好的功能作用,因此其发展前景广阔。镀金属层工艺较为成熟,但仍能从材料、技术进一步优化。最后,对现有紧固件防腐工艺进行展望,以期能够提高各类机械设施于复杂环境的可靠程度。

紧固件表面电镀铬工艺及性能分析

从三氧化铬浓度、电镀液温度以及阴极的电流密度这3个方面入手,依托形貌观察、显微硬度分析、耐磨损性能测试、耐腐蚀性能测试,试验分析不同条件下紧固件表面电镀铬层的性能,并以此确定出最优的紧固件表面电镀铬工艺。所得到的结果表明,选定的3项变量均会对紧固件表面电镀铬层的质量产生影响;在三氧化铬浓度为250g/l、电镀液温度为58℃、阴极的电流密度为30A/dm^(2)时,可以得到性能更好的紧固件表面电镀铬层结构。

06Ni9DR钢热处理工序质量控制技术

对高附加值06Ni9DR钢板在热处理工序的质量控制做了研究。结果表明,合理选用丸料直径、钢板抛丸运行速度可使待入炉06Ni9DR钢板表面清洁度≥SA2.5等级;按照炉膛氧含量占比≤500 ppm、炉膛压力25~45 Pa进行炉内气氛控制,可避免高Ni含量06Ni9DR钢板在高温状态下出现辊印表面质量缺陷;淬火工艺采用余温控制技术实现钢板出淬火机的过程中表面快速干透,有效避免了钢板表面水锈渍的产生;由于亚温淬火过程中钢板的内应力、热应力变化相对复杂,结合中厚板淬火机设备特点,合理制定水冷工艺参数保证钢板板形,在钢板运送过程中对运送辊道进行程序控制干预,防止钢板表面划伤、抛丸料压入。通过上述技术手段的实施,可以得到具有较好外观质量的06Ni9DR钢板。对装炉06Ni9DR钢板的信息进行建模,通过对逆转奥氏体进行理论分析结合大量的实验室和现场实验,合理地制定淬火、回火工艺参数,LOI工业炉二级模型参与炉温控制,实现有效控制炉温精度在±5℃,可使540~560℃回火后钢板的综合性能最好。

OSP前处理微蚀对镀镍金悬垂的腐蚀能力研究

电子设备中带有连接插头的印制电路板设计有多种混合表面处理,其中插头镀金+OSP工艺较为常见。在此类电路板做OSP之前,通常需要将插头镀金区域用高温胶带覆盖,防止微蚀前处理药水腐蚀插头部位的镍金悬垂,此操作需要贴胶带和撕胶带,不仅影响生产效率,也增加了生产成本。经过研究不同体系的微蚀药水对镍金悬垂的腐蚀能力,优化了微蚀前处理配方,使得插头镀金板做OSP时不用贴胶带,因此提升了生产效率。

质子交换膜燃料电池双极板材料的研究与应用

双极板是质子交换膜燃料电池的重要核心部件,具有着分割反应气体、收集电流、散热、排水,支撑膜电极、输送气体的作用。文中综述了石墨双极板、复合双极板、金属双极板的研究及应用现状,介绍了三种双极板的优缺点。金属双极板因其具有强度高,延展性好、导电导热性好、加工性好,造价低廉等优点,适合大规模生产。指出了通过对金属双极板进行表面改性处理,从而改善金属基体耐腐蚀性,展望了未来金属双极板的发展前景。

基于铑活化环氧树脂基板表面化学镀铜技术探究

环氧树脂基板被广泛应用于印制电路板生产中,由于基材本身惰性和较低表面能,不利于化学镀铜层的沉积,因而通常需要进行改性处理。本文提供了一种新型的环氧树脂基板化学镀铜工艺方法,将有机金属化合物Rh(C_(5)H_(7)O_(2))(CO)(PPh_(3))与双酚A型环氧树脂混合作为基材表面催化化学镀铜的活化改性层,再利用1 mol/L的硼氢化钠溶液进行40 min还原处理,最后进行化学镀铜。通过基板间剪切强度测试,发现得到的改性层与基板之间结合力较好,可满足PCB实际生产需求。利用粗糙度测试以及SEM测试分析,经过还原处理后的基材表面Ra=6.72 nm相较于未经过还原处理的基材改性层表面的Ra=5.43 nm有明显提升,从金相显微镜图和SEM测试图中可看出该技术制备的化学镀镀层表面的铜晶粒分布均匀且结晶致密,说明该化学镀铜工艺可得到表面平整光滑、厚度均匀的镀铜层。

氧化铝陶瓷基板化学镀铜雾化淬火活化新工艺

为减少氧化铝陶瓷基板化学镀铜过程中强腐蚀性药品和贵金属的使用,对氧化铝陶瓷基材进行除油处理,通过雾化淬火活化工艺使基材表面附着上一层镍层,再进行预镀,最后进行化学镀铜。采用正交实验对基材热处理温度、热处理时间、预镀液温度和预镀时间工艺参数进行了优化,通过扫描电镜能谱分析、超声波和热震实验对镍活化层和镍镀层的形貌及性能进行了表征。结果表明:基材热处理时间4 min、基材热处理温度450℃,NiSO_(4)与NaH_(2)PO_(2)预镀液温度55℃、预镀时间5 min时镀层完全覆盖,基体活化后表面生成一层均匀的平均直径70 nm的胞状镍微粒,预镀后基材表面形成一层结合力较强的蜂窝状镍层。施镀后,镀层表面微观结构紧凑,结合性较好。

表板热处理温度对展平竹—杨木复合板物理力学性能的影响

【目的】充分发挥杨木与竹展平板各自的性能优势。【方法】以不同温度(120℃、140℃、160℃,0 MPa处理2 h)热处理的竹展平板为表板,杨木单板为芯板顺纹组坯制作展平竹—杨木复合板,通过测试其含水率、色差、光泽度、胶合强度、浸渍剥离率、抗弯强度、抗弯弹性模量等性能,分析表板热处理对复合板材物理力学性能的影响。【结果】物理性质方面,表板热处理使得复合板含水率大幅度降低;光泽度逐渐减小,色觉稳定性增大;总色差皆大于1.5,但材色变化不明显;胶合性质方面,表板热处理使得复合板胶合强度下降,140℃处理时达最低值;浸渍剥离试验表明,表板热处理使得复合板胶合耐久性先增强后减弱;力学性质方面,随表板热处理温度的升高,弹性模量、抗弯强度均有一定提高,140℃处理时达最大值。【结论】表板热处理丰富了展平竹—杨木复合板的视觉效果,改善了复合板的抗弯强度、弹性模量,但对复合板的胶合性能具有一定的不利影响,实际使用中应根据具体需求进行选择。

喷射电沉积技术的研究现状

喷射电沉积是近年来发展起来的一种电沉积新工艺 ,具有普通电镀所不具备的一些优点。本文综述了喷射电沉积的发展历史及研究现状 ,指出了该技术在实际应用中可能出现的一些问题 。