This paper aims to discuss the real intention behind Caesar’s two British expeditions and the evidence against the conquest theory.In Commentarii de Bello Gallico,Caesar claimed that he invaded Britain because he wou...This paper aims to discuss the real intention behind Caesar’s two British expeditions and the evidence against the conquest theory.In Commentarii de Bello Gallico,Caesar claimed that he invaded Britain because he would like to teach the Britons a lesson for aiding the Gauls.Most modern scholars disagree that Caesar’s true intention is what Caesar has said,so they come up with their own theories.Ranzani says Caesar’s expedition is for glory,while Deutsch argues that Caesar’s expeditions are for pearls.Mitchell suggests that Caesar went to Britain for tin,while Ranzani,Schadee,Raaflaub,and Riggsby all come up with the theory of Caesar’s military and political gains.Brady is one of the few scholars who believe in what Caesar has said-to punish the Gauls.Moreover,Brady also considers Caesar’s expeditions a success since he does not think Caesar’s true goal is to conquer Britain.展开更多
Although the threat of cybercrime is said to expand year by year recently, an actual impact of the threat has not estimated in Japan due to several reasons including inadequate statistics of cybercrime. The purpose of...Although the threat of cybercrime is said to expand year by year recently, an actual impact of the threat has not estimated in Japan due to several reasons including inadequate statistics of cybercrime. The purpose of this study is to estimate the volume of cybercrime in Japan and identify its characteristics based on the result of cybercrime victimization survey conducted by the study group for cybercrime of Nihon University （NU） in 2016. The study group obtained a cybercrime victimization rate of 5.36% and concluded that cybercrime victimization in Japan is quite serious comparing with other survey results and crime statistics. Furthermore, the study group explored how to figure out cybercrime victimization more precisely based on characteristics of cybercrime obtained by this survey and proposed a couple of appropriate measures to cope with cybercrime.展开更多
文摘This paper aims to discuss the real intention behind Caesar’s two British expeditions and the evidence against the conquest theory.In Commentarii de Bello Gallico,Caesar claimed that he invaded Britain because he would like to teach the Britons a lesson for aiding the Gauls.Most modern scholars disagree that Caesar’s true intention is what Caesar has said,so they come up with their own theories.Ranzani says Caesar’s expedition is for glory,while Deutsch argues that Caesar’s expeditions are for pearls.Mitchell suggests that Caesar went to Britain for tin,while Ranzani,Schadee,Raaflaub,and Riggsby all come up with the theory of Caesar’s military and political gains.Brady is one of the few scholars who believe in what Caesar has said-to punish the Gauls.Moreover,Brady also considers Caesar’s expeditions a success since he does not think Caesar’s true goal is to conquer Britain.
文摘Although the threat of cybercrime is said to expand year by year recently, an actual impact of the threat has not estimated in Japan due to several reasons including inadequate statistics of cybercrime. The purpose of this study is to estimate the volume of cybercrime in Japan and identify its characteristics based on the result of cybercrime victimization survey conducted by the study group for cybercrime of Nihon University （NU） in 2016. The study group obtained a cybercrime victimization rate of 5.36% and concluded that cybercrime victimization in Japan is quite serious comparing with other survey results and crime statistics. Furthermore, the study group explored how to figure out cybercrime victimization more precisely based on characteristics of cybercrime obtained by this survey and proposed a couple of appropriate measures to cope with cybercrime.
