Activity Pattern and Habitat Use of Shorebirds in an Artificial Wetland Complex:A Case Study of Breeding Pied Avocet in the Yellow River Delta,China

With the loss of substantial natural wetlands in coastal zones,artificial wetlands provide alternative habitats for many shorebirds.Scientific management of artificial wetlands used by shorebirds plays an important role in maintaining the stability of shorebird population.Satellite tracking technique can obtain high-precision location information of individuals day and night,providing a good technical support for the study of quantitative relationship between waterfowls and their habitats.In this study,satellite tracking method,Remote Sensing(RS)and Geographic Information System(GIS)technology were used to analyze the activity pattern and habitat utilization characteristics of Pied Avocet during breeding period in an artificial wetland complex in the Yellow River Delta(YRD),China.The results showed that the breeding Pied Avocets had a small range of activity,with a total core and main home range of 33.10 km^(2) and 216.30 km^(2),respectively.This species tended to forage in the pond and salt pan during the day and night,respectively,with an unfixed staying time in the breeding ground.The distance between breeding ground and feeding ground was less than 6 km.It is emphasized that in addition to improving the conditions of the remaining natural habitats,effective managing artificial habitats is a priority for shorebird conservation.This research could provide reference for the management of artificial wetlands in coastal zones and supply technique support for the protection of shorebirds and their habitats,and alleviate human-bird conflicts and sustainable development of coastal zones.

Regional Geochemical Characteristics and Influence Factors of Soil Elements in the Pearl River Delta Economic Zone, China

Soil heavy metal pollution is one of the main environmental problems in Pearl River Delta Economic?Zone of China. Based on multi-purpose regional geochemical survey, regional eco-geochemical assessment, local eco-geochemical assessment and comprehensive appraisal, the eco-geochemical survey and assessment in Pearl River Delta Economic Zone of 41,698 km2?were completed. Samples from soils were collected in accordance with the two-layer grid method. Totally 54 elements and indicators for soils were determined. Compared to deep soils, the sampled surface soils are enriched in OrgC, N, P, Cd, S,Hg, Ag, B, Au, S and poor with As, Ni, I, Co, Cr, V, MgO, Sc, Al2O3, Fe2O3?etc. The characteristics of geochemical reference value of element in soil that inherited soil parent material and regional elements combined features reflected that the elements enriched in the soil was interrelated with acid rock, sandstone and shale. The spatial distribution characteristics of element regional geochemistry were conditional by regional environmental geological conditions,and effected by human activities. The Pearl River Delta plain is a typical geochemical landscape area with regional anomaly of multiple-elements. The north, western and eastern parts of the Pearl River Delta Economic Zone are quite different in geochemical features due to regional geological background, soil parent materials, geomorphic characteristics and human activities. Environment quality evaluation results show that the grade I and grade II soil accounted for 19.9% and 57.3% of the total area. Many samples that widely distributed in the economic developed of Pearl River Delta Plain area reached the third-grade of national soil environment standard. The soil enriched in Cd, Hg, As, and the area ratio accounting for 22.8% of the total area. It is mainly controlled by the geochemical background, the Pearl River Delta formation evolution process, especially the marine transgression process lead to Cd, Cu, Zn and Pb enrichment in Pearl River Delta plain. At the same time, under the influence of higher pressure of human activities, all kinds of exogenous input material carrying heavy metal pollutants on soil environmental quality also could not to ignore.

Total Factor Productivity and Influence Factors of Economic Environment in the Yellow River Delta

The paper analyzed total factor productivity of Binzhou City, and key factors that influence its economic growth and effluent discharge. The results showed that(i) production efficiency of the city during 2005–2013 kept stable, mean of Malmquist-Luenberger index was 1.044,9 without considering effluent discharge, and the average annual increase rate was 4.49%, and that was 1.020,4 considering effluent discharge, the average annual increase rate was 2.04%, and the increase rate reduced by 2.45%.(ii) GDP growth showed significant negative correlation and positive correlation with capital input and energy input, but insignificant negative correlation and positive correlation with labor force input and technological progress.(iii) Effluent discharge showed insignificant negative correlation and positive correlation with capital input and energy input, but significant negative correlation and positive correlation with labor force input and technological progress.

Spatial-temporal analysis of wetland landscape pattern under the influence of artificial dykes in the Yellow River delta

The influence of anthropogenic activities,especially artificial dykes,on the coastal wetland landscape is now considered as a serious problem to the coastal ecosystem.It is important and necessary to analyze changes of coastal landscape pattern under the influence of artificial dykes for the protection and management of coastal wetland.Our study aimed to reveal the quantitative characteristics of the coastal wetland landscape and its spatial-temporal dynamics under the influence of artificial dykes in the Yellow River delta(YRD).It was analyzed by the methods of the statistical analysis of landscape structure,five selected landscape indices and the changes of spatial centroids of three typical wetland types,including reed marshes,tidal fiats and aquaculture-salt fields.The results showed that:(1)Reduction of wetland area,especially the degradation of natural wetlands,had been the principal problem since the dykes were constructed in the YRD.The dykes created conditions for the development of artificial wetlands.However,the new born artificial wetlands were still less than the vanished natural wetlands.(2)Compared with the open area,the building of artificial dykes significantly speeded up the changes of landscape patterns and the aggravation of the landscape fragmentation in the closed area.(3)The changes of area-weighted centroids of three typical wetland landscapes were greatly affected by dykes,and the movement of the centroid of the aquaculture-salt field was very sensitive to the dykes constructed in the corresponding period.

Distributional characteristics and sources of elements in soil from typical area of Pearl River Delta economic zone, Guangdong Province, China

Dongguan City, located in the Pearl River Delta economic zone of China, is famous for its rapid developing township-enterprises in the past 30 years. A total of 759 composite soil samples, including 606 surface soil samples and 153 deep soil samples, have been collected in the city. These samples have been analyzed for 13elements(Al, As, Cu, Cd, Co, Cr, Fe, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Si,and Zn) and other parameters(p H values and organic matter) to evaluate the influence of anthropic activities on the soil environmental quality and to identify the spatial distribution of heavy metals and their possible sources. The results indicate that the average concentrations of heavy metals in soil were significantly lower than the threshold of the second grade of the Soil Environment Quality Standard in China(GB15618-1995) and the soil environmental quality in this area is comparatively good. But in comparison with local soil geochemical baseline values, As,Cd, Cu, Hg, Pb, and Zn have accumulated remarkably.Specifically, the average concentrations of As, Cd, Cu, and Hg in the small part samples of the west plain and central areas are higher than the national second-grade quality standard, indicating some level of contamination. Multivariate and geostatistical methods have been applied to differentiate the influences of natural processes and human activities on the concentration of heavy metals in surface soils in the study area. Cluster and factor analyses result in the grouping of Al, As, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ni, and Si into factor F1; Co, Mn, Pb, and Zn into F2; and Cd and Hg into F3.The spatial pattern of the three factors may be well demonstrated by geostatistical analysis. It is shown that the first factor could be considered as a natural source controlled by parent material. The second factor could be referred to as ‘‘industrial and traffic pollution sources' '. The source of the third factor is mainly controlled by long-term anthropic activities, including agricultural activities, fossil fuel consumption, and atmospheric deposition.

Long-term trends of fine particulate matter and chemical composition in the Pearl River Delta Economic Zone （PRDEZ）, China

Understanding essential for formulating the trends in PM2.5 levels is clean air plans. This paper analyzes PM2.5 data from various published sources for the years 2000 to 2010 in the Pearl River Delta Economic Zone （PRDEZ）. The long-term variation in PM2.5 mass concentration is analyzed. Results show that PM2.5, organic carbon （OC）, elemental carbon （EC）, and SO24 show a similar trend, increasing before 2005 and then decreasing slightly. The annual average PM2.5 concentra- tion ranges from 49.1 μg·m-3 in 2000 to 64.3 μg·m-3 in 2010, with a peak of 84.1 μg· m3 in 2004. None of these 11 years meets the new National Ambient Air Quality standard （NAAQS） for PM2.5 （35 μg· m-3）. Overall average concentrations of OC, EC, and SO2/4 are 13.0, 6.5, and 11.8μg·m-3, respectively. NO3 and NH＋ respectively have concentrations of 1.5 μg·m-3 and 2.9 μg·m-3 in 2000 and 6.4 μg·m 3 and 5.3μg·m-3 in 2010, with a statistically significant average annual trend of＋ 0.2 μg·m-3 ·yr-1 and ＋ 0.1 μg· m-3. yr-1. In certain geographic regions, OC and EC contribute most of the PM2.5, while in other regions secondary water-soluble ions are more important. In general, OC and SO2/4- are the dominant components of PM2.5, contributing 20.6% and 18.6%, respectively. These results provide, for the first time, a better understanding of the long-term PM2.5 characteristics and trends, on a species-by-species basis, in the PRDEZ. The results indicate that PM2.5 abatement needs to prioritize secondary species.

长三角地区传统村落空间分布及其影响因素研究

以长三角地区41个地市2012-2022年间评选的1255个传统村落为研究对象,采用核密度分析、标准差椭圆和随机森林回归等方法,分析传统村落空间演化规律及影响因素。研究结果表明:长三角地区传统村落空间分布不均衡,在苏浙皖交界处分布集中,形成了西北-东南方向的空间分布格局;少数民族人口比例对传统村落密度的正向影响最为明显,路网密度、人口密度、农业生产总值、城镇化率、财政支出和游客周转量等影响因子与传统村落密度间大多表现为负向关系;从影响因素来看,长三角地区传统村落的形成演化是地理条件、社会经济和历史文化交互耦合作用的结果。该研究能为长三角地区传统村落保护与开发和乡村振兴发展提供科学依据和理论参考。

黄河三角洲县域经济韧性时空演变及障碍度研究

识别黄河三角洲县域的经济韧性水平及其障碍性因素,有利于推动县域高质量发展。以黄河三角洲县域为研究对象,运用DPSIR模型与双向评价指标体系法构建经济韧性动态双向评价指标体系,通过熵权法、Dagum基尼系数、探索性空间数据分析法、障碍度模型探究2011—2020年黄河三角洲县域经济韧性的时空分异特征与障碍因素。结果表明:①2011—2017年县域整体的经济韧性呈现波动上升趋势,2018—2020年呈现先下降后上升趋势;②各县域单元的经济韧性呈上升趋势,经济韧性差距逐渐扩大,韧性得分排名变化不明显;③经济韧性空间分布没有显著差异,经济韧性从随机分布转向空间集聚,西北部韧性水平整体低于东南部韧性水平,各时点韧性均值主要处于中等韧性;④经济韧性基尼系数均在0.2以下,区域内经济状况高度平均;经济韧性差异的来源,首先是组间差异,其次是超变密度差异,最后是组内差异;⑤各组经济韧性的主要障碍因子相似,集中在资源水平、贫富差距、技术进步、消费潜力准则层。

黄河三角洲地下水关键水盐因子及其植被效应

为了解黄河三角洲地下水生态环境功能,采用数理统计、地统计和同位素方法及3S技术,对"地下水-陆生植被"系统中关键水盐因子及其植被效应进行了深入研究。结果显示,区域典型植被主要以埋深普遍较浅(1.0～3.0 m)的地下水为水源,说明地下水是生态环境的敏感要素。潜水c(Cl-)与c(TDS)均呈显著的方向性空间变异(沿地下水流向二者浓度递增),且二者具有空间分布一致性(R=0.999),表明Cl-是潜水水质的主控离子。归一化植被指数(INDVI)与潜水c(Cl-)间呈较显著的Logistic关系,揭示潜水c(Cl-)是地下水这一生态环境敏感要素中的关键因子,其对上覆植被强烈的胁迫和驱动作用引发了区域典型的生态环境效应。在黄河三角洲高效生态经济区的开发建设过程中,应特别重视植被与潜水c(Cl-)间极为密切的作用与反作用关系,积极采取有效的人为调控措施。

黄河三角洲滨海湿地健康条件评价

以黄河三角洲滨海湿地系统为研究对象,基于描述滨海湿地健康条件的4项功能,充分考虑滨海湿地生态地质环境系统的特征及其健康响应因素,建立了黄河三角洲滨海湿地健康条件评价的概念模型和指标体系。以统计监测和遥感数据为基础,采用RS和GIS技术,通过栅格化实现分区评价及其结果的优化整合,探讨了黄河三角洲滨海湿地健康的时空分布规律。结果显示:黄河三角洲滨海湿地现状健康条件处于健康的占14.2%,亚健康的占61.9%,一般病态的占23.9%;近期(2010—2015年),河口三角洲湿地生境质量会逐步改善,向健康方向发展,而北部和南部部分滩涂区及神仙沟流路等局部地区在自然和人为因素的共同作用下,环境质量会有一定的降低;影响黄河三角洲滨海湿地健康条件的主要因素是全球气候变化背景下的区域水循环关键过程及其时空变化、湿地开发等人类负面干扰和黄河下游生态调度。应继续加大黄河下游生态调度的力度、积极实施生态修复工程,以促进黄河三角洲滨海湿地持续健康发展。

黄河三角洲生态区土壤石油污染及其与理化性质的关系

基于黄河三角洲生态区内部分油田生产区石油污染土壤的调查取样,研究了土壤的石油污染特性及其与理化性质的关系。结果表明,油田区土壤受到了不同程度的石油污染,溢油处油泥含油率最高达6230mg/kg。石油污染土壤总有机碳(TOC)含量与含油率呈正相关关系,研究区TOC为0.22%～1.14%,其中老油井含量大于新油井。但值得注意的是本次研究发现部分石油污染区域土壤的TOC反而低于未污染区,这可能与碱蓬的覆盖状况有关。石油污染对土壤的全氮含量没有显著影响,所研究的石油生产区土壤总氮含量为207.74～870.20mg/kg,未受石油污染的生态核心区该值为591.02～938.28mg/kg。土壤有机碳、全氮及C/N随土壤深度的增加皆呈下降趋势,土壤各层中有机碳和全氮含量的变化趋势基本一致,呈极显著线性相关。石油烃污染导致石油污染土壤中C、N比例严重失调,因此在进行石油污染土壤修复时需要添加相应的N营养元素来增强土壤中微生物的营养来增强土壤中微生物的活性,加快其对石油的分解。

南黄海辐射沙洲趋势性演变的动力机制分析

南黄海辐射沙洲区水道及其之间的沙洲普遍存在逐渐向南偏移的趋势,对这种趋势性演变机理及驱动力的认识成为辐射沙洲区海岸开发过程中亟待解决的问题。在恢复黄河北归以来苏北黄河三角洲海岸不同发育阶段的岸线位置和水下地形的基础之上,通过所建立的潮波数学模型,研究了在苏北黄河三角洲不同演变阶段南黄海潮波系统的特征及其变化。研究表明,随着岸线后退和水下三角洲的夷平,辐射沙洲地区潮差不断增大;水动力不断加强,而且加强的区域逐渐向南偏移,这种大范围区域性水动力主轴的向南偏移有可能是导致辐射沙洲整体南移的主导因素之一。

长江三角洲经济区海域沉积物重金属分布特征及环境质量评价

基于长三角经济区1 871个近海海域表层沉积物地球化学分析数据,结合相关地质资料,阐述了该区海域沉积物重金属含量及分布规律。结果表明,研究区表层沉积物重金属平均含量:As为8.12×10-6、Cd为101.53×10-9、Cr为74.79×10-6、Cu为19.33×10-6、Hg为34.87×10-9、Pb为22.31×10-6、Zn为67.13×10-6;空间分布上,元素含量从象山到乐清沿岸普遍偏高,而最低含量区见于江苏海岸;以综合指数法进行环境质量评价结果显示,重污染区分布在长江口河道内,轻污染分布在长江口附近海域、宁波-温州附近海域,清洁区主要分布在苏北海域。

黄河三角洲地区经济发展与生态环境建设互动度研究

经济与环境互动发展是实现社会可持续发展的必然要求,也是当今社会关注的热点问题。以黄河三角洲核心区域东营市和滨州市为例,构建了经济与生态环境建设互动发展的评价指标体系,选用主成份分析法计算各指标权重,应用互动度对黄河三角洲地区2001—2011年的经济发展与生态环境建设互动水平进行定量分析。结果表明:东营市、滨州市经济发展与生态环境建设互动度11年间整体呈上升趋势,互动水平由一般互动发展型向中等互动发展型演进,但生态环境保护滞后于经济发展;在空间分布上,黄河三角洲地区经济发展与生态环境建设互动度在由低到高的演进过程中呈现出由分散到集中的趋势,即较高水平的县(区)相对集中分布,但县(区)之间互动水平空间差异明显。最后,对黄河三角洲地区经济与环境互动发展提出了建议。

黄河三角洲滨海盐碱退化地恢复与再利用评价

滨海盐碱退化地是重要的待开发利用土地资源。该文以黄河三角洲为研究区,进行了以农用为目标的滨海盐碱退化地恢复与再利用评价研究。采用土壤图与土地利用现状图相叠加的方式确定评价单元,系统聚类与Delphi法筛选参评因素,层次分析法确定其权重,模糊评判法确定盐碱退化地恢复与再利用等级。结果显示,黄河三角洲盐碱退化地恢复与再利用潜力较大,一、二等地占总面积的33.73%,三、四等地占总面积的42.54%,五、六等地占总面积的23.73%。盐碱退化地可恢复与再利用程度与土壤含盐量、地下水矿化度和埋深以及土地利用程度有较强的相关性,与距离黄河和渤海的远近有密切关系,空间上呈现从沿海向内陆逐渐提高,离黄河愈近愈高的分异规律。该研究探索了滨海盐碱退化地恢复与再利用评价的技术方法,对滨海盐碱退化地的可持续利用有积极意义。

基于多元统计和傅立叶和谱分析的土壤重金属的来源解析及其风险评价

分析珠江三角洲腹地佛山顺德区208个蔬菜地表层土样Cu、Ni、Cr、As、Pb、Zn、Cd和Hg等8种重金属的全量,结果表明,8种重金属的平均浓度高于广东省土壤背景值。Cd和Hg的最高浓度和变异系数分别为6.54mg/kg、115%和4.82mg/kg、151%,暗示Cd和Hg的人为来源。多元统计与傅立叶和谱分析的结合,解释了Cr、Ni和Cu的自然来源,Pb、Zn、As、Cd和Hg的人为来源;傅立叶和谱分析进一步阐释了Zn与Cu的双重来源,并推断土壤Hg来源于大气沉降。研究区内大约21.7%的土壤受重金属污染,表明需要调整该区的农业生产活动。

珠江三角洲经济区水资源可持续利用初步评价

在中国和世界上最活跃的经济区———珠江三角洲经济区各市社会经济发展预测的基础上 ,计算了该区各市 2 0 0 2年、2 0 1 0年和 2 0 2 0年各行业需水量和水资源供需平衡状况 ,提出了水资源质量损失系数和水资源承载力 (相对承载力 )指数等概念和计算方法 ,评价了各市水资源承载力的趋势 ,认为三角洲用水问题严重 ,尤其是东莞、深圳和广州 ,其水资源承载力较其他城市弱。并指出了工业结构性缺水、生活水质性缺水和工程性缺水等三大问题和矛盾 ,提出了建议水资源可持续利用的 3种模式 :外引型模式、外调型模式、内调型模式。研究认为 ,珠江三角洲经济区的水资源要得到合理的持续利用 ,应当有流域内部和跨流域的通力合作与协作 ,包括与邻区、邻省和港澳之间的合作与协作。除了供水之外 ,防洪、航运、压咸、发电等功能也不可忽视 ,用系统工程来解决水资源可持续利用问题是一个很好的途径。

珠江三角洲经济区可持续发展中的水环境问题

对珠江三角洲经济区水环境现状和污染源进行了分析 ,指出生活污染是当前最大的污染源 .首次提出了用于宏观评价水资源承载力和水环境可持续性的“水资源质量损失系数”、“水资源质量修复系数”和“水资源质量损失量”的概念及计算方法 ,据此预算了 2 0 0 2、2 0 10和 2 0 2 0年珠江三角洲经济区水资源净损失量分别达 0 95、1 41和 1 70亿m3 ,相当于该区约 73 4、10 1 4和 116 2万人口年生活用水总量 .各市现状水环境质量优劣排序是江门、肇庆、惠州、佛山、深圳、珠海、广州。

黄河三角洲高效生态经济区生态系统服务价值评估

采用谢高地分类系统和评价方法分析了黄河三角洲高效生态经济区生态系统服务功能及其价值,分析了生态系统服务价值的区域分布,并与Costanza分类系统和评估方法进行了对比。从生态类型来看,湿地、森林、农田和草地生态系统服务价值分别占总价值的63.3%,20.7%,15.6%,0.43%。从生态服务功能来看,废物处理、气候调节、水源涵养等方面的价值较大,分别占总价值的23.37%,21.88%,20.08%。

沿海生态地区空间均衡内涵界定与状态评估——以黄河三角洲高效生态经济区为例

以沿海生态地区黄河三角洲高效生态经济区为例,运用组合类型方法测度空间均衡状态,得出以下结论:1黄河三角洲高效生态区开发强度呈现中部和东翼高、西翼低的空间格局,资源环境承载能力呈现由东翼向西翼递减的空间格局;2开发不足型、均衡型、过度开发型区域并存,东翼多为均衡型区域,中部和西翼多为过度开发区域,西翼偏北地区多为开发不足区域;3区域本底条件、区域发展阶段、产业集聚状态、空间集约程度、管控制度设计、区际关系结构等是影响空间均衡的重要因素。