Research advances on the mechanisms of reservoir formation and hydrocarbon accumulation and the oil and gas development methods of deep and ultra-deep marine carbonates

Based on the new data of drilling, seismic, logging, test and experiments, the key scientific problems in reservoir formation, hydrocarbon accumulation and efficient oil and gas development methods of deep and ultra-deep marine carbonate strata in the central and western superimposed basin in China have been continuously studied.(1) The fault-controlled carbonate reservoir and the ancient dolomite reservoir are two important types of reservoirs in the deep and ultra-deep marine carbonates. According to the formation origin, the large-scale fault-controlled reservoir can be further divided into three types:fracture-cavity reservoir formed by tectonic rupture, fault and fluid-controlled reservoir, and shoal and mound reservoir modified by fault and fluid. The Sinian microbial dolomites are developed in the aragonite-dolomite sea. The predominant mound-shoal facies, early dolomitization and dissolution, acidic fluid environment, anhydrite capping and overpressure are the key factors for the formation and preservation of high-quality dolomite reservoirs.(2) The organic-rich shale of the marine carbonate strata in the superimposed basins of central and western China are mainly developed in the sedimentary environments of deep-water shelf of passive continental margin and carbonate ramp. The tectonic-thermal system is the important factor controlling the hydrocarbon phase in deep and ultra-deep reservoirs, and the reformed dynamic field controls oil and gas accumulation and distribution in deep and ultra-deep marine carbonates.(3) During the development of high-sulfur gas fields such as Puguang, sulfur precipitation blocks the wellbore. The application of sulfur solvent combined with coiled tubing has a significant effect on removing sulfur blockage. The integrated technology of dual-medium modeling and numerical simulation based on sedimentary simulation can accurately characterize the spatial distribution and changes of the water invasion front.Afterward, water control strategies for the entire life cycle of gas wells are proposed, including flow rate management, water drainage and plugging.(4) In the development of ultra-deep fault-controlled fractured-cavity reservoirs, well production declines rapidly due to the permeability reduction, which is a consequence of reservoir stress-sensitivity. The rapid phase change in condensate gas reservoir and pressure decline significantly affect the recovery of condensate oil. Innovative development methods such as gravity drive through water and natural gas injection, and natural gas drive through top injection and bottom production for ultra-deep fault-controlled condensate gas reservoirs are proposed. By adopting the hierarchical geological modeling and the fluid-solid-thermal coupled numerical simulation, the accuracy of producing performance prediction in oil and gas reservoirs has been effectively improved.

Study on the Coordination Mechanism Between Higher Vocational Students’Career Development Planning and School Management

The coordination mechanism between the career development planning of vocational students and the management of vocational colleges is an important means to improve the quality of education and students’vocational competitiveness.The application of synergy theory in the field of education emphasizes the interaction and coordination of various elements in the system and pursues the optimization of overall efficiency.Based on the theory of coordination and its relevance to the management of higher vocational colleges,this paper analyzes the current development status and problems of the coordination mechanism and puts forward the strategy of building an efficient coordination mechanism designed to enhance the students’employment competitiveness,promote the all-round development,and provide theoretical and practical support for the reform and development of higher vocational education.

Tight gas charging and accumulation mechanisms and mathematical model

The gas-water distribution and production heterogeneity of tight gas reservoirs have been summarized from experimental and geological observations, but the charging and accumulation mechanisms have not been examined quantitatively by mathematical model. The tight gas charging and accumulation mechanisms were revealed from a combination of physical simulation of nuclear magnetic resonance coupling displacement, numerical simulation considering material and mechanical equilibria, as well as actual geological observation. The results show that gas migrates into tight rocks to preferentially form a gas saturation stabilization zone near the source-reservoir interface. When the gas source is insufficient, gas saturation reduction zone and uncharged zone are formed in sequence from the source-reservoir interface. The better the source rock conditions with more gas expulsion volume and higher overpressure, the thicker the gas saturation stabilization and reduction zones, and the higher the overall gas saturation. When the source rock conditions are limited, the better the tight reservoir conditions with higher porosity and permeability as well as larger pore throat, the thinner the gas saturation stabilization and reduction zones, but the gas saturation is high. The sweet spot of tight gas is developed in the high-quality reservoir near the source rock, which often corresponds to the gas saturation stabilization zone. The numerical simulation results by mathematical model agree well with the physical simulation results by nuclear magnetic resonance coupling displacement, and reasonably explain the gas-water distribution and production pattern of deep reservoirs in the Xujiaweizi fault depression of the Songliao Basin and tight gas reservoirs in the Linxing-Huangfu area of the Ordos Basin.

Genetic source,migration and accumulation of helium under deep thermal fluid activities:A case study of Ledong diapir area in Yinggehai Basin,South China Sea

Based on the geochemical parameters and analytical data,the heat conservation equation,mass balance law,Rayleigh fractionation model and other methods were used to quantify the in-situ yield and external flux of crust-derived helium,and the initial He concentration and thermal driving mechanism of mantle-derived helium,in the Ledong Diapir area,the Yinggehai Basin,in order to understand the genetic source,migration and accumulation mechanisms of helium under deep thermal fluid activities.The average content of mantle-derived He is only 0.0014%,the ^(3)He/^(4)He value is(0.002–2.190)×10^(−6),and the R/Ra value ranges from 0.01 to 1.52,indicating the contribution of mantle-derived He is 0.09%–19.84%,while the proportion of crust-derived helium can reach over 80%.Quantitative analysis indicates that the crust-derived helium is dominated by external input,followed by in-situ production,in the Ledong diapir area.The crust-derived helium exhibits an in-situ 4 He yield rate of(7.66–7.95)×10^(−13)cm^(3)/(a·g),an in-situ 4 He yield of(4.10–4.25)×10^(−4)cm^(3)/g,and an external 4 He influx of(5.84–9.06)×10^(−2)cm^(3)/g.These results may be related to atmospheric recharge into formation fluid and deep rock-water interactions.The ratio of initial mole volume of 3 He to enthalpy(W)is(0.004–0.018)×10^(−11) cm^(3)/J,and the heat contribution from the deep mantle(X_(M))accounts for 7.63%–36.18%,indicating that deep hot fluid activities drive the migration of mantle-derived 3 He.The primary helium migration depends on advection,while the secondary migration is controlled by hydrothermal degassing and gas-liquid separation.From deep to shallow layers,the CO_(2/3) He value rises from 1.34×10^(9)to 486×10^(9),indicating large amount of CO_(2)has escaped.Under the influence of deep thermal fluid,helium migration and accumulation mechanisms include:deep heat driven diffusion,advection release,vertical hydrothermal degassing,shallow lateral migration,accumulation in traps far from faults,partial pressure balance and sealing capability.

Study on the Influence of the Coordinated Development of Resident Income and GDP on Local Economic Development:Take Shandong Province as an Example

With the rapid development of China’s economy,the coordinated development of resident income and GDP has become an important indicator to measure local economic development.How to realize the synergistic growth of the two in the new era is of great significance for promoting the sustainable development of the local economy.Based on the theory of the coordinated development of resident income and GDP,this paper will take Shandong Province as an example to analyze the interaction between resident income growth and GDP,find out the influencing factors that restrict the coordinated development of resident income and GDP,and explore the impact of the coordinated development of resident income and GDP on local economic development.Finally,relevant policies will be studied.How to effectively increase residents’income,promote the sustainable and healthy development of the local economy,and put forward relevant suggestions to promote the coordinated development of residents’income and GDP.

Research on the River-Crossing Development Process and Dynamic Mechanism in Nanchang City

With the deepening of the market economy and the big step of urbaniza- tion, the spatial restricted effect of the development of the riverside cities in China is becoming more and more obvious. The river-crossing development of cities is imperative. The Riverside New Area has gradually become the key area of urban development and the new economy growth pole. Based on the development history of Nanchang, the evolution of the river-crossing development of Nanchang city was analyzed systematically, and river-crossing development of Nanchang was divided into 3 stages of initial river-crossing development stage, slow river-crossing develop- ment stage and rapid river-crossing development stage. In-depth discussion was made to the dynamic mechanism of the river-crossing development in Nanchang.

A Study on the Interest Linkage Mechanism of the Taxus Industry Chain in Pengshui Miao and Tujia Autonomous County

At the Taxus base of Pengshui Miao and Tujia Autonomous County,Chongqing,the comprehensive development and utilization of Taxus was carried out with seedling cultivation,understory economy,product processing,ecotourism and other aspects as the main line.The benefit linkage mechanism of the operation of the Taxus industrial chain was explored and analyzed,so as to extend and supplement the Taxus industrial chain.The two models of"company+farmer"and"company+village collective+farmer"are relatively close benefit linkage models,which indirectly promote the increase of farmers income and smoothly guarantee the operation of the industrial chain,thereby playing a positive role during the development of the Taxus industry.This study provides reliable countermeasures and suggestions for the sustained and healthy development of the Taxus industry in Pengshui County.

Failure process and monitoring data of an extra-large landslide at the Nanfen Open-pit Iron Mine

An extra-large landslide occurred on June 19,2021,on the footwall slope of the Nanfen Open-pit Iron Mine in Liaoning Province,China,with a volume of approximately 1.2×107 m3.To elucidate the causative factors,development process,and destructive mechanisms of this catastrophic landslide,comprehensive field tests,investigations,and laboratory experiments were conducted.Initially,the heavily weathered rock mass of the slope was intersected by faults and joint fissures,facilitating rainwater infiltration.Moreover,the landslide contained a substantial clay mineral with highly developed micro-cracks and micro-pores,exhibiting strong water-absorption properties.As moisture content increased,the rock mass underwent softening,resulting in reduced strength.Ultimately,continuous heavy rainfall infiltration amplified the slope's weight,diminishing the weak structural plane's strength,leading to fracture propagation,slip plane penetration,and extensive tensile-shear and uplift failure of the slope.The study highlights poor geological conditions as the decisive factor for this landslide,with continuous heavy rainfall as the triggering factor.Presently,adverse environmental factors persistently affect the landslide,and deformation and failure continue to escalate.Hence,it is imperative to urgently implement integrated measures encompassing slope reinforcement,monitoring,and early-warning to real-time monitor the landslide's deformation and deep mechanical evolution trends.

Geological characteristics and accumulation mechanisms of the "continuous" tight gas reservoirs of the Xu2 Member in the middle-south transition region,Sichuan Basin,China

＂Continuous＂ tight gas reservoirs are those reservoirs which develop in widespread tight sandstones with a continuous distribution of natural gas. In this paper, we summarize the geological features of the source rocks and ＂＇continuous＂ tight gas reservoirs in the Xujiahe Formation of the middle- south transition region, Sichuan Basin. The source rocks of the Xul Member and reservoir rocks of the Xu2 Member are thick （Xul Member： 40 m, Xu2 Member： 120 m） and are distributed continuously in this study area. The results of drilled wells show that the widespread sandstone reservoirs of the Xu2 Member are charged with natural gas. Therefore, the natural gas reservoirs of the Xu2 Member in the middle-south transition region are ＂continuous＂ tight gas reservoirs. The accumulation of ＂continuous＂ tight gas reservoirs is controlled by an adequate driving force of the pressure differences between source rocks and reservoirs, which is demonstrated by a ＂one-dimensional＂ physical simulation experiment. In this simulation, the natural gas of＂continuous＂ tight gas reservoirs moves tbrward with no preferential petroleum migration pathways （PPMP）, and the natural gas saturation of＂continuous＂ tight gas reservoirs is higher than that of conventional reservoirs.

A COMPARATIVE STUDY ON CHARACTERISTICS AND THERMODYNAMIC DEVELOPMENT MECHANISMS OF TWO TYPES OF WARMSECTOR HEAVY RAINFALL ALONG THE SOUTH CHINA COAST

Warm-sector heavy rainfalls along the south China coast from April to June during 2009-2014 can be divided into two main types based on their low-level circulations. Type I is the southerly pattern with meridional convergence line at the west of the Pearl River estuary, which is formed by the convergence of southeasterly, southerly, and southwesterly flows. Type II is the southwesterly pattern with a latitudinal convergence line at the east of the Pearl River estuary, which is formed by the convergence of westerly and southwesterly flows. Statistics on 6-hourly heavy rainfall events indicates that, during the afore-mentioned 6 years, there were on average 73.2 occurrences of the southerly pattern and 50.3 occurrences of the southwesterly pattern per year. After the onset of summer monsoon in the South China Sea, the occurrence frequencies of both patterns increase remarkably. The synthetic diagnosis of pattern circulation shows that, at 500 h Pa, for the southerly pattern, there is a broad warm high ridge, and a temperature ridge is behind the high ridge, which causes an obvious warm advection at the high ridge area. There is no frontal region. For the southwesterly pattern, the circulation is a weak trough with a temperature trough behind it. The position of the frontal region is near Yangzi River, and the south China coast is in the warm-sector of the frontal region. At the vertical cross-section of each of the two categories of heavy rainfall, there is a strong vertical motion center stretching to 400 hPa, where the convergence layer in the rainfall region is deep and with several vertical convergence centers overlapping one another. Both types of heavy rainfalls are with abundant water vapor, accompanied with deep convective instability energy layers, and with strong release of latent heat caused by condensation of water vapor. The release of latent heat leads to the warming-up and stretching of the air column, thus strengthens deep convergence and vertical velocity upward. There is a stronger latent heat-release in the southwesterly pattern than in the southerly pattern,while in the southerly pattern, the warm advection at middle and upper levels is stronger than the latent head release.To study the thermo-dynamic development mechanisms, weather research and forecasting model(WRF) numerical simulations are made and the results show that, in the two rainstorm regions, latent heat release warms up the air column, hence significantly increase the depth and strength of the vertical velocity. Moreover, the release of latent heat strengthens convergent circulation at lower levels and weakens divergent circulation at middle levels, whose influence can be as strong as 30%-50% of the wind circulation strength of the two types of the warm-sector heavy rainfall over the south China coast, and further enhances deep convection, promoting warm-sector storm development.

Analysis of Summer Cold Vortex Activity Anomalies in Northeastern China and Their Relationship with Regional Precipitation and Temperature

The Northeastern China cold vortex(NCCV)is one type of strong cyclonic vortex that occurs near Northeastern China(NEC),and NCCV activities are typically accompanied by a series of hazardous weather.This paper employed an automatic algorithm to identify the NCCVs from 1979 to 2018 and analyzed their circulation patterns and climatic impacts by using the defined NCCV intensity index(NCCVI).The analysis revealed that the NCCV activities in summer exhibited a strong inter-annual variability,with an obvious periodicity of 3-4 years and 6-7 years,but without significant trends.In years when the NCCVI was high,NEC experienced negative geopotential height anomalies,cyclonic circulation,and cooler temperature anomalies,which were conducive to the maintenance and development of NCCV activities.Furthermore,large amounts of water vapor converged in NEC through two transportation routes as the NCCVs intensified,leading to a significant positive(negative)correlation with the summer precipitation(surface temperature)in NEC.The Atlantic sea surface temperature(SST)anomalies were closely related to summer NCCV activities.As the Atlantic SST rose,large amounts of surface sensible and latent heat flux were transported into the lower troposphere,inducing a positive geopotential height anomaly that occurred on the east side of the heat source.As a result,an eastward diverging flow was formed in the upper troposphere and propagated downstream,i.e.,the eastward propagating Rossby wave train,which eventually led to a coupled circulation in the Ural Mountains and NEC,as well as more intensive NCCV activities in summer.

Accumulation Mechanisms and Evolution History of the Giant Puguang Gas Field,Sichuan Basin,China

Solid bitumens were found throughout the carbonate reservoirs in the Puguang gas field, the largest gas field so far found in marine carbonates in China, confirming that the Puguang gas field evolved from a paleo-oil reservoir. The fluid conduit system at the time of intensive oil accumulation in the field was reconstructed, and petroleum migration pathways were modeled using a 3-D model and traced by geochemical parameters. The forward modeling and inversion tracing coincided with each other and both indicated that oils accumulated in the Puguang-Dongyuezhai structure originated from a generative kitchen to the northwest of the Puguang gas field. The deposition of organic-rich Upper Permian source rocks dominated by sapropelic organic matter in the Northeast Sichuan Basin, the development of fluid conduit system that was vertically near-source rock and laterally near-generative kitchen, and the focusing of oils originated from a large area of the generative kitchen, were the three requirements for the formation of the giant paleo-oil reservoir from which the giant Puguang gas field evolved. The Puguang gas field had experienced a three-stage evolution. The post-accumulation processes, especially the organic-inorganic interaction in the hydrocarbon-water-rock system, had not only profoundly altered the composition and characteristics of the petroleum fluids, but also obviously changed the physicochemical conditions in the reservoir and resulted in complicated precipitation and solution of carbonate minerals.

Dual Instinct and Structural Theories: DSM-5-TR

The genetic based Dual Instinct Theory is determined by evolutionary history. Aggression is required for survival and sex for propagation of species. Aggressive and sexual drive derivatives with their corresponding defence mechanisms are combined with biologically based stages of infant/child development and the functional entity of Structural Theory. This model of human nature is the applied to the diagnostic categories of DSM-5-TR. Objectives: To follow the innate Dual Instinct Theory from life to death and through Artificial Intelligence;connect it with biological stages of development of the Structural Theory and illustrate its manifestations in DSM-5-TR classifications. Method: Review of selected published literature. Applying the principle of focus and cognition of informed clinical observation of innate drive derivatives in conjunction with The Structural Theory. Both theories are functional entities with no structures involved. Sigmund Freud’s biologically based stages of development;oral, anal, genital pubic, adult, and geriatric along with a variety of unconscious, automatic, and persistent defense mechanisms are selectively folded into diagnosis listed in the manual.

Characterization and formation mechanisms of fractures and their significance to hydrocarbon accumulation: A case study of Lower Ordovician mid-assemblage Formations in central Ordos Basin, China

The lower Ordovician mid-assemblage Formations in the central Ordos Basin of China host prolific gas resources,and most hydrocarbon reserves are stored in naturally-fractured reservoirs.Thus,fracture pathway systems may have a significant impact on reservoir performance.This article focuses on the core-and laboratory-based characterization of fractures.Through the developmental degrees,extended scale,output state and filling characteristics of various types of fractures,the results show that there are three distinct fracture types:1)nearly vertical fractures,2)oblique fractures,and 3)horizontal fractures.Based on a systematic study of the characterization of reservoir space,the main geologic setting of natural gas accumulation and the regional tectonic background,type 1 is mainly driven by the tectonic formation mechanism,and type 3 and parts of low-angle fractures in type 2 are induced by the diagenetic formation mechanism.While recovered paleopressure for methane-rich aqueous inclusions trapped in fracture-filling cement indicates that the fracture opening and growth are consistent with gas maturation and charge and such high-angle fractures in type 2 are caused by the compound formation mechanism.The fractures to hydrocarbon accumulation may play a more significant role in improving the quality of reservoir porosity.Furthermore,connected fractures,dissolved pores and cavities together constitute the three-dimensional pore-cave-fracture network pathway systems,with faults serving as the dominant charge pathways of highly pressurized gas in the study area.Our results demonstrate that protracted growth of a pervasive fracture system is not only the consequence of various formation mechanisms but also intrinsic to quasi-continuous accumulation reservoirs.

Discussion of the Mode and Mechanism of Oil and Gas Accumulation in the Nanbaxian Pool in the North of the Qaidam Basin

Because of the difference ofoil and gas accumulation condition between the hanging wall and the footwall of a fault, there is a peculiar accumulation mechanism that oil and gas mainly exists in the hanging wall of the basement fault, but in the footwall of the shallow detachment fault in the Nanbaxian pool. The oil and gas of the Nanbaxian pool came from the mature Jurassic hydrocarbon source rock of the Yibei depression located at the south of the Nanbaxian pool. Firstly, the oil and gas accumulated in the traps of the hanging wall of the basement fault by way of the unconformity and the basement faults, and turned into some primary deep pools; and then, the shallow detachment fault that formed in the later tectonic movement broke into the deep primary pools, which caused the oil and gas migration upwards along the basement faults and the shallow detachment faults and the evolvement into some secondary oil and gas pools later. The history of the Nanbaxian oil and gas accumulation can be summarized successively as the syndepositional upheaval controlled by faults; single hydrocarbon source rock; unconformities and faults as migration channels; buoyancy, overpressure and tectonic stress as dynamic forces; multistage migration and accumulation of oil and gas; and finally an overlapped double-floor pattern of oil and gas accumulation. The most important explorative targets in the north of the Qaidam Basin are traps connected with the primary pools in the footwall by shallow detachment faults.

Spatio-temporal Evolution Characteristics and Driving Mechanism of the New Infrastructure Construction Development Potential in China

With the advent of the era of big data and artificial intelligence, new infrastructure construction(NIC) has attracted the attention of many countries. The development of NIC provides an opportunity to bridge the digital divide and narrow the regional gap,providing continuous impetus to further promote economic development. Here, we considered 31 provincial-level administrative units in China(not including Hong Kong, Macao, and Taiwan of China due to data unavailable) and established comprehensive evaluation indicators for the development potential of NIC. Afterward, we used the entropy-weight TOPSIS model to determine the development potential of NIC and analyze its spatio-temporal evolution characteristics. Furthermore, the GeoDetector model was applied to explore the driving mechanism of the NIC development potential. The conclusions were as follows: (1) The Chinese NIC development potential is generally low. The eastern China was the region with the highest development potential year by year, while the development potential in the central China was found to be in an accelerating phase. (2) The evolution of the Chinese NIC development potential’s spatial pattern has been characterized by an inland extension and coastal agglomeration. Moreover, we identified a superior development zone, a rising development zone, an inferior development zone, and a declining development zone. (3) The scope of Chinese NIC development potential agglomeration areas has gradually expanded and its degree has gradually deepened. The range of high-value agglomeration in eastern area gradually expanded and its degree gradually deepened. (4) Investment in innovative talents appears as the core factor affecting the Chinese NIC development potential. Whether acting alone or synergistically with other factors, its promoting effect on Chinese NIC development potential is the strongest.

Migration and accumulation mechanisms and main controlling factors of tight oil enrichment in a continental lake basin

Based on the typical dissection of various onshore tight oil fields in China,the tight oil migration and accumulation mechanism and enrichment-controlling factors in continental lake basins are analyzed through nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)displacement physical simulation and Lattice Boltzmann numerical simulation by using the samples of source rock,reservoir rock and crude oil.In continental lake basins,the dynamic forces driving hydrocarbon generation and expulsion of high-quality source rocks are the foundational power that determines the charging efficiency and accumulation effect of tight oil,the oil migration resistance is a key element that influences the charging efficiency and accumulation effect of tight oil,and the coupling of charging force with pore-throat resistance in tight reservoir controls the tight oil accumulation and sweet spot enrichment.The degree of tight oil enrichment in continental lake basins is controlled by four factors:source rock,reservoir pore-throat size,anisotropy of reservoir structure,and fractures.The high-quality source rocks control the near-source distribution of tight oil,reservoir physical properties and pore-throat size are positively correlated with the degree of tight oil enrichment,the anisotropy of reservoir structure reveals that the parallel migration rate is the highest,and intralayer fractures can improve the migration and accumulation efficiency and the oil saturation.

Ground fissure development regularity and formation mechanism of shallow buried coal seam mining with Karst landform in Jiaozi coal mine: a case study

A comprehensive study was undertaken at Jiaozi coal mine to investigate the development regularity of ground fissures in shallow buried coal seam mining with Karst landform,shedding light on the development type,geographical distribution,dynamic development process,and failure mechanism of these ground fissures by employing field monitoring,numerical simulation,and theoretical analysis.The findings demonstrate that ground fissure development has an obvious feature of subregion,and its geographical distribution is significantly affected by topography.Tensile type,open type,and stepped type are three different categories of ground fissure.Ground fissures emerge dynamically as the panel advances,and they typically develop with a distance of less than periodic weighting step distance in advance of panel advancing position.Ground fissures present the dynamic development feature,temporary fissure has the ability of self-healing.The dynamic development process of ground fissure with closed-distance coal seam repeated mining is expounded,and the development scale is a dynamic development stage of“closure→expansion→stabilized”on the basis of the original development scale.From the perspective of topsoil deformation,the computation model considering two points movement vectors towards two directions of the gob and the ground surface is established,the development criterion considering the critical deformation value of topsoil is obtained.The mechanical model of hinged structure of inclined body is proposed to clarify the ground fissure development,and the interaction between slope activity and ground fissure development is expounded.These research results fulfill the gap of ground fissures about development regularity and formation mechanism,and can contribute to ground fissure prevention and treatment with Karst landform.

The Clean Development Mechanism and Sustainable Development in China's Electricity Sector

The Clean Development Mechanism,a flexibility mechanism contained in the KyotoProtocol, offers China an important tool to attractinvestment in clean energy technology and processesinto its electricity sector. The Chinese electricitysector places centrally in the country’s economy andenvironment, being a significant contributor to theacid rain and air pollution problems that plague manyof China’s cities and regions, and therefore a focusof many related energy and environmental policies.China’s electricity sector has also been the subjectof a number of economic analyses that have showedthat it contains the highest potential for clean energyinvestment through the Clean DevelopmentMechanism of any economic sector in China. Thismechanism, through the active participation frominvestors in more industrialized countries, can helpalleviate the environmental problems attributable toelectricity generation in China through advancingsuch technology as wind electricity generation, cleancoal technology, high efficient natural gas electricitygeneration, or utilization of coal mine methane. Inthis context, the Clean Development Mechanismalso compliments a range of environmental and energypolicies which are strategizing to encourage thesustainable development of China’s economy.

The effect and mechanism of Tip60 regulating DNA on embryo development

Objective: To study the effect and mechanism of Tip60 regulating DNA on mouse embryo development, and to provide theoretical basis for the study of embryo development. Methods: mice embryos were randomly divided into two groups: control group and experimental group. The embryos of experimental group were given Tip60 inhibitor, the mice of control group were given the same dose of normal saline. The level of Tip60 in the two groups of mice embryos, the effect of Tip60 on p53-p21 pathway, the expression of DNA repair factor 53BP1 protein, the content of active oxygen, the effect of autophagy and apoptosis, and the development of embryos were analyzed. Results: the level of Tip60 in the experimental group was significantly lower than that in the control group;the p53-p21 pathway in the experimental group was activated, the DNA damage of the experimental group was greater, the expression of DNA repair factor was lower, the content of ROS in the experimental group was significantly higher than that in the control group;the autophagy and apoptosis of the experimental group were enhanced;the capsule of the control group was enhanced. The embryogenesis rate of the experimental group was (65.13 ± 4.85)%, and that of the experimental group was (29.36 ± 1.75)%, which was significantly lower than that of the control group. Conclusion: Tip60 can regulate DNA damage and repair by mediating p53-p21 pathway in early mouse embryo development. Inhibition of Tip60 can increase the active oxygen, induce autophagy and over expression of apoptosis in mouse embryo cells, and inhibit the development of embryo to a certain extent. It has important guiding significance to measure the level of Tip60 during embryo culture.