Special Issue on "Recent Advances in Power System Control" for International Journal of Control,Automation,and Systems

Today the high quality power supply is of essential in the economic development in a country. With the development of modem power systems and increasing demand for power supply, the electric power industry is facing a great challenge in meeting the increased load demand with highest reliability and security with minimum transmission expenditure. Power system stability analysis and control is one of the most important issues in power systems. The problem becomes more and more serious in power systems with the development of modem power systems. The ability of a power system

Tracking Performance of Electric Power Steering System Based on the Mixed H_2/H_∞ Strategy

The tracking performance of motor current is an important factor that affects the assistance torque of electric power steering （EPS） system. Bad tracking performance will cause assistant torque delay, and make road feeling bad, and is influenced by the input steering torque and system measuring noise. However the existing methods have some shortages on system＇s robust dynamic performance and robust stability. The mixed H2/H∞ strategy for recirculating ball-type EPS system in a pure electric bus is proposed, and vehicle dynamic model of the system is established. Due to the existence of system model uncertainty, disturbance signals, sensor noises and the demand of system dynamic performance, the indexes of robust performance and road feeling for drivers are defined as the appraisal control objectives. The H∞ method is introduced to design the H∞ controller, and the H2 method is applied to optimize the H∞ controller, thus the mixed H2/H∞ controller is designed. The response of EPS system to the motor current command with amplitude of 20 A, the road disturbance with amplitude of 500 N and the sensor random noise with the amplitude of 1 A is simulated. The simulation results show that the recirculating ball-type EPS system with the mixed H2/H∞ controller can attenuate the random noises and disturbances and track the boost curve well, so the mixed H2/H∞ controller can improve the system＇s robust performance and dynamic performance. For the purpose of verifying the performance of the designed control strategy, the motor current tracking performance ground tests are conducted with step response input of the steering wheel, double-lane steering test and lemniscate steering test, respectively. The tests show that the mixed H2/H∞ controller for the recirculating ball-type EPS system of pure electric bus is feasible. The designed controller can solve the robust performance and robust stability of the system, thus improve the tracking performance of the EPS system and provide satisfied road feeling for the drivers.

Dynamics of electromagnetic slip coupling for hydraulic power steering application and its energy-saving characteristics

To improve high-speed road feel and enhance energetic efficiency of hydraulic power steering(HPS) system in heavy-duty vehicles, an electromagnetic slip coupling(ESC) was applied to the steering system, which regulated discharge flow of steering pump to realize variable assist characteristic as well as uniquely transfer on-demand power from engine to steering pump. The model of ESC was established and the dynamic characteristics of ESC were presented by the way of simulation and experiment. Upon the layout of the assist characteristics, output torque of ESC was derived. Based on the ESC model, the output torque characteristics of ESC were simulated under steering situation and straight driving situation, respectively. The consistency of simulated ESC output torque and the one deduced from assist characteristics verifies the correctness of the ESC dynamic model. To illustrate energy saving characteristics of ESC-HPS, energy consumption comparison of ESC-HPS and conventional HPS was carried out qualitatively and quantitatively. It follows that the energy consumption of ESC-HPS decreases by 50% compared with that of HPS.

Reliability Analysis of Hydraulic Transmission Oil Supply System of Power-Shift Steering Transmission with GO Methodology

GO methodology is a success-oriented method for system reliability analysis. There are components with multi-fault modes in repairable systems. It is a problem to use the existing GO method to make reliability analysis of such repairable systems. A new GO method for reliability analysis of such repairable systems with multifault modes was presented. Firstly, calculation equations of reliability parameters of operators which were used to describe components with multi-fault modes in reparable systems were derived based on Markov process theory. Then, this new GO method was applied in reliability analysis of a hydraulic transmission oil supply system( HTOSS) of a power-shift steering transmission at low and high speeds. Finally,Compared with fault tree analysis( FTA) and Monte Carlo simulation,the results show that this new GO method is correct and suitable for reliability analysis of repairable system with multi-fault modes.

An Advanced FMRL Controller for FACTS Devices to Enhance Dynamic Performance of Power Systems

The parameters of power system slowly change with time due to environmental effects or may change rapidly due to faults. It is preferable that the control technique in this system possesses robustness for various fault conditions and disturbances. The used flexible alternating current transmission system （FACTS） in this paper is an advanced super-conducting magnetic energy storage （ASMES）. Many control techniques that use ASMES to improve power system stability have been proposed. While fuzzy controller has proven its value in some applications, the researches applying fuzzy controller with ASMES have been actively reported. However, it is sometimes very difficult to specify the rule base for some plants, when the parameters change. To solve this problem, a fuzzy model reference learning controller （FMRLC） is proposed in this paper, which investigates multi-input multi-output FMRLC for time-variant nonlinear system. This control method provides the motivation for adaptive fuzzy control, where the focus is on the automatic online synthesis and tuning of fuzzy controller parameters （i.e., using online data to continually learn the fuzzy controller that will ensure that the performance objectives are met）. Simulation results show that the proposed robust controller is able to work with nonlinear and nonstationary power system （i.e., single machine-infinite bus （SMIB） system）, under various fault conditions and disturbances.

Hybrid Simulation of ±500 kV HVDC Power Transmission Project Based on Advanced Digital Power System Simulator

In order to effectively imitate the dynamic operation characteristics of the HVDC （high voltage direct current） power transmission system at a real ±500kV HVDC transmission project, the electromechanical-electromagnetic transient hybrid simulation was carried out based on advanced digital power system simulator （ADPSS）. In the simulation analysis, the built hybrid model＇s dynamic response outputs under three different fault conditions are considered, and by comparing with the selected fault recording waveforms, the validities of the simulation waveforms are estimated qualitatively. It can be ascertained that the hybrid simulation model has the ability to describe the HVDC system＇s dynamic change trends well under some special fault conditions.

新型混合式贯通牵引供电系统及其复合控制策略

电分相与负序等电能质量问题是制约电气化铁路向高速化、重载化发展的桎梏。贯通牵引供电系统为消弭上述问题提供了契机,但既有贯通方案依然存在所需器件数目多、改造成本高、可靠性差等弊端。为此,在充分利用既有牵引变压器基础上,该文设计一种新型混合式贯通牵引供电装置。该装置通过共直流侧与功率均分手段有效抵消输入侧纹波功率,降低有源/无源器件数目与电容容量。同时,针对直流侧二次纹波与负荷功率冲击,提出一种输入端口复合控制策略,有效解决纹波传递与冲击波动问题。最后通过仿真与实验验证所提装置及其控制策略的可行性与可靠性。

电动助力转向系统Carsim-Simulink联合仿真控制研究

电动助力转向系统作为电动汽车的主流配置,其性能好坏对整车转向操纵稳定性能有重要影响。以某款自主品牌电动汽车EPS系统为研究对象,进行动力学分析并依次建立Simulink子系统模型。根据实车参数,设计直线型助力特性曲线并输入前述模型,最终建立Carsim/Simulink联合仿真运动学模型并开展国标操纵稳定性仿真试验。结果表明:在方向盘转向角脉冲和角阶跃试验中,较无EPS助力控制车型,有EPS助力控制车型具有良好的车辆瞬态响应度和操纵稳定性;在转向轻便性试验中,验证本款车型助力特性合理,车辆具有较好的助力效果。

基于IESPSO的舵机倾转矢量动力系统建模与参数辨识

针对在旋翼动态时产生的外力矩影响下,倾转矢量动力系统中的舵机系统模型辨识精度低、实际响应难以估计的问题,本文将舵机外力矩作为扰动噪声纳入辨识环节,构建系统模型,并提出了一种基于改进生态系统粒子群优化(IESPSO)的倾转旋翼舵机系统参数辨识方法。为确保试验稳定安全进行,本文设计了倾转矢量动力系统辨识平台,进行参数辨识试验。试验结果表明,在旋翼动态时产生的外力矩噪声影响下,IESPSO相对于粒子群优化法、生态系统粒子群优化法与递推最小二乘法,均方根误差降低了1.46%,1.79%与56.37%,辨识精度有明显提升,并具备更快的寻优收敛速度。在修改搜索空间后,IESPSO仍具有较高的寻优精度,避免了在宽搜索空间下无法快速搜索至较优可行解的问题。

考虑架构灵活重构的混合式贯通牵引供电装置应急管控与故障恢复策略

基于牵引变压器与两相交流输入至单相交流输出(两相-单相)变换单元的混合式贯通牵引供电系统(HATPSS)凭借其设备利用率高、改造成本低等优势而受到关注。然而,两相-单相变换单元作为系统中的薄弱环节,其任意端口故障会导致系统出现负序电流与功率缺失等问题,严重者将引发整个贯通系统失稳。此外,受HATPSS供电架构特殊性及其控制目标多样性的影响,传统牵引系统冗余备用方案与应急管控技术适用性差等问题突出。鉴于此,该文针对两相-单相变换单元的输入/输出端故障工况,综合考虑牵引站中既有设备应急管控潜能与两相-单相变换单元控制自由度的特点,分别提出面向HATPSS的应急管控与故障恢复策略。仅通过牵引变压器、联络开关、两相-单相变换单元等系统既有装置间的协同配合,实现在不同故障工况下HATPSS额定功率运行与负序电流抑制。最后,仿真与实验验证了在不同工况下该文所提应急管控策略的可行性与有效性。

考虑平抑未来时刻风电波动的混合储能系统超前模糊控制策略

【目的】现有的混合储能系统控制策略难以在保持荷电状态(state of charge,SOC)处于合理范围的同时,满足未来时刻风电波动造成的混合储能系统超前充放电需求,因此提出一种考虑平抑未来时刻风电功率波动的混合储能系统超前模糊控制策略。【方法】首先,通过采用集合经验模态分解(ensemble empirical mode decomposition,EEMD)方法分解得到不同类型储能设备需要平抑的风电功率;其次,根据混合储能系统SOC和功率饱和程度整定功率修正参数,对混合储能系统输出功率进行修正;再次,由风电预测算法得到前瞻周期内风电功率预测值,根据前瞻周期内风电功率波动情况和超前控制理论整定提前充放电参数,校正储能系统输出功率;最后,以某风电场的实际数据为例,通过仿真验证了所提超前模糊控制策略的有效性。【结果】提出的控制策略不仅能够降低风电并网波动越限概率,显著减少总输出功率与目标功率偏差值,而且能够使混合储能系统的SOC控制在合理范围内。【结论】该策略可以为平抑风电波动的相关研究提供有益参考。

乘用车双电机冗余电动助力转向系统研究

为了提高电动助力转向系统的安全性以及可靠性,基于乘用车提出一种双电机冗余电动助力转向技术,采用转向执行双助力电机,可以从硬件上实现冗余,避免任意单电机发生故障时导致转向系统的失效,不仅可以满足转向系统对于轻便型、助力跟随性的要求,还可以减轻单个助力电机的负载提高电机的使用寿命。针对提出的问题,介绍了对双电机阻力转向系统整体结构及工作原理,并对其关键零部件进行分析论述。搭建双电机冗余系统仿真模型,双电机电流分配采用“一主一辅”的控制方式,并进行方向盘多种工况仿真验证。针对助力转向出现抖动问题,结合“扫频试验”,设计输出转矩超前滞后补偿方式进行相位校正补偿。通过实车试验验证了该算法的准确性和有效性。实验结果表明双冗余电动助力转向系统极大提高了转向力矩的稳定性,抑制其扰动性,有较好的助力效果,极大提高系统的可靠性和安全性。

基于电动助力转向系统末端保护的研究

电动助力转向系统作为车辆横向控制的关键系统,在传统汽车转向的硬件(机械结构)之上,以高感知的传感器元件,高效性能的软件控制策略,精准的电机执行助力控制等技术为核心,实现汽车转向的智能化,并将推动汽车转向技术向更先进、更智能的未来发展。文章对末端保护功能来源、原理、策略及影响因素的研究,结合实车出现的末端保护问题,从影响末端保护功能的三方面因素进行分析,制定优化措施,通过大量数据的采集和实车主观评价验证,确定优化措施有效,实现整车转向性能最优。

燃气-蒸汽联合循环发电系统高级(火用)经济性分析

【目的】基于(火用)经济发展而来的高级(火用)经济分析方法,能够细化拆分系统组件的经济成本,深入探究经济成本形成的内在原因。【方法】在结合高级(火用)分析的基础上,采用高级(火用)经济分析法将燃气-蒸汽联合循环发电系统中各组件的成本拆解为内源性成本、外源性成本、可避免成本和不可避免成本,并对此进行计算。【结果】在设计工况下,联合循环发电系统中燃烧室的可避免(火用)损最大,为28.41 MW,占燃烧室(火用)损的26.55%。基于计算结果,对透平提出了不同的改进措施,降低了系统内源性和外源性(火用)损。系统中(火用)耗散成本占比最大的是内源性可避免部分,底循环改进优先级最高的是高压缸,其次是低压缸。联合循环发电系统中年度化成本外源性占比为80.59%,其中外源性可避免部分占比40.04%。【结论】研究成果可为系统提供多方面能效评价角度和优化成本的改进方向。

电力高级量测体系网络攻击致损路径图构建及风险评估

高级量测体系(AMI)是新型电力系统的重要组成部分,随着大量智能终端和异构通信链路广泛接入,网络攻击的风险与日俱增。因此,提出电力AMI网络攻击致损路径图构建及风险量化评估方法,量化分析网络攻击对系统的影响。首先,考虑AMI中的3种网络攻击场景,构建了各场景攻击致损路径图及贝叶斯攻击图。其次,考虑到漏洞利用的难度和攻击者的技术水平,建立了漏洞平均攻破时间(MTTC)模型,计算各攻击目标的攻破概率。然后,建立了针对AMI虚假数据注入的负荷损失评估模型,求解出负荷削减问题,并结合攻击概率提出了安全风险综合定量评估模型。最后,基于IEEE 39节点系统,对比分析了不同级别攻击者在AMI不同攻击致损路径下的MTTC,计算了网络攻击下系统的安全风险值,验证了所提方法的有效性。

基于AA-CAES电站和综合需求响应的供暖期弃风消纳策略

“双碳”目标背景下,为解决热电联产机组“以热定电”模式导致的大规模弃风问题,本文提出基于先进绝热压缩空气储能电站(advanced adiabatic compressed air energy storage,AA-CAES)和综合需求响应的综合能源系统(integrated energy system,IES)供暖期弃风消纳策略。首先,在“源-储”两侧建立热电联产机组与AA-CAES电站耦合运行模型,分析耦合运行实现热电解耦机理;其次,在“荷”侧引入价格型和替代型需求响应机制来探寻负荷侧优化系统调度潜力;然后,在IES中引入碳捕集系统和阶梯型碳交易机制来约束碳排放,并在碳排放量最少、综合成本最低为目标构建IES运行基础上,引入模糊机会规划约束模型来分析风、光不确定性对系统调度影响;最后,利用西北某地区实际数据进行算例验证。结果表明:热电机组与AA-CAES电站耦合运行相较于未耦合运行可提高风电消纳率84.55%、降低总成本11.42%、减少碳排放20.28%;综合需求响应机制的引入可进一步提高风电消纳率35.00%、降低总成本20.93%、减少碳排放24.43%;风光不确定性的上升会提高与外部电网的交互成本。

基于机器视觉的电力巡检机器人自动化系统设计

为实现巡检中更低的误检率,设计一种基于机器视觉的电力巡检机器人自动化系统。利用远距离激光雷达配合多种设备,实现机器人的定位导航。根据图像预处理模块能够实现巡检图像的色彩分割、降噪滤波等处理。总控平台模块主要由六部分构成,分别为图像识别单元、核心服务单元等。通过硬件与软件相结合实现机器人的电力巡检功能。实验结果表明,设计的机器人运动指标良好,能够实现高效变电站巡检,同时系统的巡检导航性能良好,巡检误检率较低,说明系统满足设计需求。

电动助力转向系统NVH特性数据采集与性能评价

针对汽车电动助力转向系统NVH特性数据存在多点位异步采样误差较大,且选取性能评价依据单一的问题,设计一种二十四通道NVH特性数据同步采集与多角度特性分析系统;采用多个数据采集模块联结、同步动态随机存储器读写、高速串行计算机扩展总线融合的方式,实现二十四通道NVH特性数据的同步精确采集与快速传输;从机械性能与声振特性方面对电动助力转向系统NVH特性进行多角度分析与评价。结果表明,与传统测试方法相比,所提方法可实现多点位同步高精度采样与多角度信号时频域分析,每个通道数据采集速率可达200 kHz/s,时频域分析依据更丰富、更全面。

面向高阶调制的5G宽带射频功放数字预失真技术

在第5代无线通信系统(5G)中,射频(RF)功放(PAs)有着严重的非线性失真和强记忆效应,尤其是对于采用复杂的高阶调制系统,如16QAM、64QAM等。为了研究和提高宽带RF PAs的线性化能力,提出基于先进设计系统(advanced design system,ADS)设计的宽带RF PAs,工作的中心频率为3.55 GHz,采用记忆多项式(MP)模型构建数字预失真器,模型的归一化均方误差(NMSE)指标可达-33.28 d B。最后,采用带宽为100 MHz的16QAM或64QAM高阶调制的5G新空口(new radio,NR)信号,信号最大幅度值为9.899 d B,对中心频率为3.55 GHz的RF PAs进行预失真仿真验证。仿真结果表明,在16QAM调制方式下,邻信道功率比(ACPR)可分别改善20.13 dB和20.05 dB;在64QAM调制方式下,ACPR可分别改善18.35 dB和19.08 dB。实验测试结果表明,在16QAM调制方式下,ACPR分别改善15.81 dB和16.40 dB;在64QAM调制方式下,ACPR分别改善15.44 dB和15.82 dB。说明基于MP的数字预失真器对基于ADS的RF PAs的非线性具有明显的抑制作用。因此基于MP模型的数字预失真器可用于所提RF PAs的线性化,且采用16QAM调制方式比基于64QAM调制方式的预失真能力更强。

基于功能安全的汽车EPS系统安全冗余研究

电动助力转向(electric power steering,EPS)系统是车辆常用的转向执行器,其失效将严重影响驾乘人员的安全。为提高EPS系统的安全性与可靠性,基于功能安全标准建立EPS系统安全冗余机制:基于ISO26262对EPS系统进行研究,通过相关项定义、危害分析与风险评估(HARA),得到系统的功能安全目标与需求,并对其进行分配;设计EPS系统架构、容错机制,以提高系统的安全性;最后,对所设计的安全冗余机制进行台架试验。结果表明,在单侧桥驱芯片故障、单侧电机位置传感器故障、双侧电机位置传感器故障等故障注入的情况下,系统能够实现预期响应,满足功能安全目标,验证了所设计安全冗余机制的有效性。