Periprosthetic joint infections in femoral neck fracture patients treated with hemiarthroplasty–should we use antibiotic-loaded bone cement?

BACKGROUND Hemiarthroplasty is the most common treatment in elderly patients with displaced intra-capsular femoral neck fracture(FNF).Prosthetic joint infection(PJI)is one of the most feared and frequent complications post-surgery because of the frail health status of these patients and the need for fast track surgery.Therefore,priorities should lie in effective preventive strategies to mitigate this burden.AIM To determine how much the implementation of the routine use of antibioticloaded bone cement(ALBC)as a relatively easy-to-apply amendment to the surgical practice reduces the infection rate in our hemiarthroplasty cohort.METHODS We retrospectively assessed all demographic,health status and treatment-related data of our FNF patients undergoing cemented hemiarthroplasty in the period from 2011 to 2017;241 patients were further analyzed after exclusion of patients with cancer-related sequelae and those who died before the end of the 1-year observation period.The PJI rate as diagnosed on basis of the Musculoskeletal Infection Society(MSIS)criteria 2011 was determined for each included patient and compared in function of the bone cement used for hip stem fixation.Patients were split into a group receiving a plain bone cement in the period from January 2011 to June 2013(non-ALBC group)and into a group receiving an ALBC in the period July 2013 to December 2017(ALBC group).Data analysis was performed with statistical software.We further calculated the cost-efficacy of the implementation of routine use of ALBC in the second group balancing the inhospital infection related treatment costs with the extra costs of use of ALBC.RESULTS In total 241 FNF patients who received cemented hemiarthroplasty in the period from January 2011 to January 2017 were eligible for inclusion in this retrospective study.There were 8 PJI cases identified in the ALBC group among n=94 patients,whereas 28 PJI cases were observed in the non-ALBC group among n=147 patients.The statistical analysis showed an infection risk reduction of 55.3%(in particular due to the avoidance of chronic delayed infections)in the ALBC group(95%CI:6.2%-78.7%;P=0.0025).The cost-evaluation analysis demonstrated a considerable cost saving of 3.500€per patient,related to the implementation of routine use of ALBC in this group.CONCLUSION Use of ALBC is a potent infection preventive factor in FNF patients receiving cemented hemiarthroplasties.It was further found to be highly cost-effective.

Bone mineral density in fracture neck of femur patients:What's the significance?

BACKGROUND The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence(NICE)guidelines have advised further research is required into investigating the added prognostic value of bone mineral density(BMD)in the assessment of fracture risk with the Fracture Risk Assessment Tool(FRAX)score.AIM To investigate the significance of BMD in fracture neck of femur patients and compare it to the outcome of the FRAX score.METHODS Inclusion criteria for this study were all patients who underwent dual-energy Xray absorptiometry(DXA)scan following fracture neck of femur between 2015 and 2017.Analysis of BMD,FRAX scores and patient demographic data was undertaken.RESULTS A total of 69 patients were included in the study,mean age 74.1 years.There was no significant difference between mean BMD of the femoral neck in males(0.65)as compared to females(0.61)(P=0.364).Analyses showed no significant correlation between BMD and menopause age(rs=-0.28,P=0.090).A significant difference was seen of the femoral neck BMD between the different fracture pattern types(P=0.026).A stronger correlation was observed between BMD of femoral neck and FRAX major score(rs=-0.64,P<0.001)than with BMD of lumbar spine and FRAX major score(rs=-0.37,P=0.003).CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that BMD of the femoral neck measured by DXA scan is of added prognostic value when assessing patients for risk of fracture neck of femur in combination with the FRAX predictive scoring system.

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in postoperative hand fracture management:Do they positively or negatively impact recovery?

This editorial explores the impact of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs(NSAIDs)on postoperative recovery in hand fracture patients,amidst shifting pain management strategies away from opioids due to their adverse effects.With hand fractures being significantly common and postoperative pain management crucial for recovery,the potential of NSAIDs offers a non-addictive pain control alternative.However,the controversy over NSAIDs'effects on bone healing—stemming from their Cyclooxygenase-2 inhibition and associated risks of fracture non-union or delayed union—necessitates further investigation.Despite a comprehensive literature search,the study finds a lack of specific research on NSAIDs in postoperative hand fracture management,highlighting an urgent need for future studies to balance their benefits against possible risks.

Bone three-dimensional microstructural features of the common osteoporotic fracture sites

Osteoporosis is a common metabolic skeletal disorder characterized by decreased bone mass and deteriorated bone structure, leading to increased susceptibility to fractures. With aging population, osteoporotic fractures are of global health and socioeconomic importance. The three-dimensional microstructural information of the common osteoporosis-related fracture sites, including vertebra, femoral neck and distal radius, is a key for fully understanding osteoporosis pathogenesis and predicting the fracture risk. Low vertebral bone mineral density(BMD) is correlated with increased fracture of the spine. Vertebral BMD decreases from cervical to lumbar spine, with the lowest BMD at the third lumbar vertebra. Trabecular bone mass of the vertebrae is much lower than that of the peripheral bone. Cancellous bone of the vertebral body has a complex heterogeneous three-dimensional microstructure, with lower bone volume in the central and anterior superior regions. Trabecular bone quality is a key element to maintain the vertebral strength. The increased fragility of osteoporotic femoral neck is attributed to low cancellous bone volume and high compact porosity. Compared with age-matched controls, increased cortical porosity is observed at the femoral neck in osteoporoticfracture patients. Distal radius demonstrates spatial inhomogeneous characteristic in cortical microstructure. The medial region of the distal radius displays the highest cortical porosity compared with the lateral, anterior and posterior regions. Bone strength of the distal radius is mainly determined by cortical porosity, which deteriorates with advancing age.

Effect of different hip replacement methods under minimally invasive anterolateral approach on bone metabolism and joint pain in patients with femoral neck fracture

Objective: To explore the effect of different hip replacement methods under minimally invasive anterolateral approach on bone metabolism and joint pain in patients with femoral neck fracture. Methods: A total of 110 patients with femoral neck fracture who were treated in Ruijin Hospital North, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine between July 2015 and January 2017 were collected and divided into control group and observation group by random number table, each with 55 cases. Control group accepted half hip replacement under minimally invasive anterolateral approach, and observation group accepted total hip replacement under minimally invasive anterolateral approach. The differences in contents of bone metabolism and joint pain-related indexes were compared between the two groups before and after surgery. Results: Before surgery, serum contents of bone formation indexes, bone resorption indexes, inflammatory indexes and pain mediators were not statistically significant between the two groups. 1 month after surgery, serum bone formation indexes PINP, BAP and BGP contents of observation group were higher than those of control group;serum bone resorption indexes β-CTX and TRACP-5b contents were lower than those of control group;serum inflammatory indexes IL-1 and TNF-α contents were lower than those of control group;serum pain mediators 5-HT and PGE2 contents were lower than those of control group. Conclusion: Total hip replacement under minimally invasive anterolateral approach is more effective to promote the formation of bone formation/bone resorption balance and reduce the joint pain.

Relationship between peripheral blood neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio and the prognosis of patients with brittle femoral neck fracture

Objective:To explore the relationship between peripheral blood neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio(NLR)and osteoporotic femoral neck fractures and to evaluate the prognosis.Methods:The subjects were 102 patients who received osteoporotic femoral neck fracture in the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine from 2008 to 2017.Patients were divided into three groups according to the BMD values in the diagnostic criteria of primary osteoporosis:normal bone mass group(T≥-1.0),reduced bone mass group(-2.5<T<-1.0)and osteoporosis group(T≤-2.5).In addition,during postoperative follow-up,patients receiving internal fixation were divided into the high NLR group(NLR>2.33)and the low NLR group(NLR≤2.33)according to their NLR values.The clinical data of patients with osteoporotic femoral neck fracture who underwent peripheral blood routine examination were prospectively analyzed.The statistical indicators included age,gender,fracture cause and other general conditions,fracture type,peripheral blood neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio,bone mineral density(BMD)level and blood lipid level,and prognosis of 102 patients who were followed up for more than 2 years after surgery.The relationship between peripheral blood NLR and the above indexes was observed.Statistical methods including normal data analysis of variance between groups,SNK-q test is compared between two groups,the partial correlation analysis between the two factors,the relationship between multiple factors using multi-factor linear regression analysis,and normal data comparison between the two groups using t test,two sets of independent data frequency distribution of binary classification variables compared by chi-square test.Moreover,NLR is also a major factor affecting the prognosis and rehabilitation of osteoporotic femoral neck fractures.Results:The analysis of variance between the two groups(SNK-q test of the comparison between the two groups),single-factor partial correlation analysis,multi-factor linear regression analysis showed that compared with the normal group and the reduced group,the levels of age,triglyceride and NLR in the osteoporosis group were increased,while BMD was significantly decreased.BMD in patients with osteoporotic femoral neck fracture was negatively correlated with NLR and triglyceride(P<0.05).In multi-factor linear regression analysis,NLR and triglyceride were the main influencing factors of BMD in patients with osteoporotic femoral neck(P<0.05).In addition,increased peripheral blood NLR in patients treated with internal fixation may increase the risk of postoperative femoral head necrosis,nonunion of the broken end of the fracture,and prolong the time of postoperative functional recovery.Conclusion:The level of peripheral blood NLR in patients with osteoporotic femoral neck fracture is increased and correlated with bone mineral density,which suggested that peripheral blood NLR can be used as one of the clinical indicators for early screening and prevention of osteoporotic femoral neck fracture.In addition,peripheral blood NLR is also a major factor affecting the prognosis and rehabilitation of osteoporotic femoral neck fractures.

Experimental Study and Preliminary Clinical Application of Miniinvasive Percutaneous Internal Screw Fixation for Scaphoid Fracture under the Guidance of a 3D-printed Guide Plate

This study explored the feasibility of employing computer-aided design(CAD)and 3 dimensional(3D)-printed personalized guide plate for the mini-invasive percutaneous internal screw fixation of fractured scaphoid.The study consisted of two parts:(1)experimentation on upper limbs from corpses and(2)preliminary clinical application.Corpse experiments involved upper limbs of 6 adult corpses.The specimens of upper limbs were subjected to plain CT scan.Then the CT data were input into computer to conduct 3D reconstruction of wrist region.The direction and depth of the guide wire and screw were designed on the basis of the principle that screw should lie at the center of scaphoid and the long axis of the screw should be aligned with that of the scaphoid.The carpal bone model and the guide plate were designed and 3D-printed.By using the guide plates,the guide wire was placed and the cannulated compression screw was inserted.The wrist region was examined by X-ray and CT to observe the location of the screw in the scaphoid.The scaphoid was longitudinally excised to grossly observe the location and evaluate the result of screw insertion.For clinical application,the guide plate was employed in 4 patients with fresh scaphoid fracture using the aforementioned operative technique.Our results showed that,in the 6 corpse limbs,the guide plate well fitted the skin surface and the guide wire and screw were accurately put in place in one session.X-ray examination and gross observation confirmed that the screw was satisfactorily positioned and the result met the requirements of the preoperative design.For 4 patients,the guide wire and screw were all precisely inserted into place in one session.The operation time and X-ray exposure times were apparently reduced.The imaging examination exhibited satisfactory results and the hand functioned well.It was concluded that the operative guide plate used for the mini­invasive percutaneous internal screw fixation of fractured scaphoid not only can assist in accurate placement of screw but also shorten operation time and reduce insertion and X-ray exposure times,thereby reducing the radiation injury and damage to the substance and the blood circulation of carpal bone.Its use can also improve the learning curve of surgeons.

Intramedullary nailing for pathological fractures of the proximal humerus caused by multiple myeloma: A case report and review of literature

BACKGROUND Multiple myeloma(MM)bone disease is indicative of MM,and reduces patient life quality.In addition to oncological,antineoplastic systemic therapy,surgical therapy in patients with MM is an essential treatment within the framework of supportive therapy measures and involves orthopedic tumor surgery.Nevertheless,there are few reports on intramedullary(IM)nailing in the treatment of MM-induced proximal humeral fracture to prevent fixation loss.We here describe a case of pathological fracture of the proximal humerus caused by MM successfully treated with IM nailing without removal of tumors and a review of the current literature.CASE SUMMARY A 64-year-old male patient complaining of serious left shoulder pain and limited movement was admitted.The patient was finally diagnosed with MM(IgAλ,IIIA/II).After treatment of the pathological fracture with IM nailing,the patient's function recovered and his pain was rapidly relieved.Histopathological examination demonstrated plasma cell myeloma.The patient received chemotherapy in the Hematology Department.The humeral fracture displayed good union during the 40-mo follow-up,with complete healing of the fracture,and the clinical outcome was satisfactory.At the most recent follow-up,the patient's function was assessed using the Musculoskeletal Tumor Society score,which was 29.CONCLUSION Early surgery should be performed for the fracture of the proximal humerus caused by MM.IM nailing can be used without removal of tumors.Bone cement augmentation for bone defects and local adjuvant therapy can also be employed.

Comparison of femoral neck fracture healing and affected limb pain after anterolateral-approach minimally invasive total hip replacement and hemiarthroplasty

Objective:To study the differences in femoral neck fracture healing and affected limb pain after anterolateral-approach minimally invasive total hip replacement and hemiarthroplasty. Methods:A total of 92 patients with femoral neck fracture who received hip replacement in our hospital between May 2013 and December 2015 were selected and randomly divided into total hip and half hip group, total hip group received anterolateral-approach minimally invasive total hip replacement, half hip group received anterolateral-approach minimally invasive hemiarthroplasty, and 1 month after operation, serum was collected to detect the levels of bone metabolism markers, osteocyte cytokines, SP and CGRP.Results:1 month after operation, serum PINP, PICP, BMP, TGF-β, FGF, IGF-I and IGF-II levels of total hip group were significantly higher than those of half hip group while TRAP5b and CatK levels were significantly lower than those of half hip group;the day after operation, serum pain media SP and CGRP levels were not significantly different between the two groups of patients;36 h after operation, serum SP and CGRP levels of total hip group were significantly lower than those of half hip group.Conclusion:The bone metabolism after anterolateral-approach minimally invasive total hip replacement is better than that after hemiarthroplasty, and the degree of pain is less than that after hemiarthroplasty.

实时跟踪和虚拟成像技术辅助创伤骨科手术机器人治疗股骨颈骨折

目的:探究实时跟踪和虚拟成像技术(real-time tracking and virtual reality technology,RTVI)辅助创伤骨科手术机器人术中配准治疗股骨颈骨折的治疗效果。方法:回顾分析2020年9月至2022年9月应用创伤骨科机器人手术治疗的60例股骨颈骨折患者,根据术中是否使用RTVI技术辅助机器人手术将患者分成两组:RTVI组28例,男12例,女16例;年龄28~60(46.2±9.3)岁。单纯天玑手术机器人组32例,男15例,女17例;年龄32~58(48.2±7.8)岁。观察并记录两组配准透视次数、手术时间、术中透视次数、术中出血量、住院时间。所有患者术后接受定期随访,常规复查髋关节X线片,记录Garden对线指数、骨折愈合时间、术后并发症、Harris评分。结果:60例患者均获得随访,其中RTVI组随访9~16(13.0±1.2)个月,单纯天玑手术机器人组随访10~14(12.0±1.3)个月,两组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。随访期间两组股骨颈骨折均愈合良好,无内固定松动、切口感染等并发症发生。RTVI组配准透视次数、手术时间、术中透视次数优于单纯天玑手术机器人组(P<0.01)。而两组术中出血量、住院时间、Garden对线指数、骨折愈合时间、髋关节Harris评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。总结:RTVI技术辅助天玑手术机器人治疗股骨颈骨折手术虽然对其术后疗效影响不大,但可以有效减少手术时间,减低术中X线投射次数,降低患者术中辐射暴露风险。同时也缩短了术者的学习曲线,更好体现创伤骨科手术机器人的精准和高效。

不同内固定方式治疗股骨颈骨缺损骨折的静力学与模态分析

目的 探讨不同内固定方式治疗股骨颈骨缺损骨折的静力学特征以及固有和约束模态对内固定的影响。方法 首先基于CT图像建立伴有股骨颈内固定系统(femoral neck system,FNS)和倒三角空心钉(cannulated screw,CS)两种不同内固定装置的股骨颈骨折模型与股骨颈骨缺损骨折模型,然后模拟3倍体重载荷下,不同骨折内固定模型的应力、位移分布及峰值以及模态下的位移峰值、频率以及固有和约束模态振型。结果 两种内固定方式下,股骨颈骨缺损骨折的内固定应力峰值(337.69 MPa,618.58 MPa)显著高于股骨颈骨折模型(149.38 MPa,300.57 MPa),股骨头应力峰值(107.75 MPa,93.78 MPa)与位移峰值(5.244 mm,4.415 mm)也都高于股骨颈骨折模型[(95.73 MPa,85.64 MPa),(4.367 mm,3.478 mm)]。在骨折类型相同的情况下,FNS内固定模型相比CS内固定模型具有更低的位移峰值以及更加均匀的应力分布。模态分析结果显示,振动对于内固定的稳定性有一定影响,约束模态的振型频率范围要小于固有模态。固有模态下FNS的位移峰值较CS降低了6.99%,约束模态下位移峰值降低了14.02%。结论 骨缺损会严重破坏内固定的力学环境,无论是普通骨折模型还是骨缺损骨折模型,FNS固定的静态与动态特性都要优于CS固定。临床治疗中要考虑股骨及内固定器械的固有、约束频率所产生的影响,避免因共振而造成内固定失效等问题。

骨密度测量仪评估老年人骨密度与参数的关系

目的:探讨骨密度测量仪评估老年人群骨密度与相关参数的关系。方法:选取2019年3月~2021年3月收治的老年髋部骨折患者100例作为骨折组,老年体检者100例作为对照组。探讨骨密度测量仪评估老年人群骨密度与相关参数的关系。结果:骨折组患者在颈骨颈、股骨转子间、腰椎、Ward’s区及腰椎部位的骨密度、FNCT及FNCT/FNW均低于对照组,FMCW值高于对照组,骨质疏松组腰椎BMD与25-(OH)D3呈正相关,与Total-P1NP、β-CTX、N-MID等骨代谢志物呈负相关。结论:通过监测骨代谢指标水平有利于辅助临床早期诊断骨质疏松症。

经皮椎体成形术中骨水泥分布对手术及邻近椎体再发骨折的影响

背景:研究表明,经皮椎体成形手术中良好的骨水泥分布可减少术后椎体二次骨折并有助于改善预后,但如何获得良好的骨水泥分布是脊柱外科医生面临的一个问题。目的:分析经皮椎体成形术中骨水泥分布与手术及邻近椎体再发骨折的相关性。方法:选择2018年1月至2022年12月新疆维吾尔自治区骨科医院收治的胸腰椎压缩骨折患者193例,骨折椎体≤2个,均接受单侧入路经皮椎体成形手术,术后进行随访。术后随访期间(随访时间6个月以上)根据手术及邻近椎体是否再次发生骨折分为骨折组(n=30)和未骨折组(n=163),对两组患者的基本资料进行单因素分析,将存在统计学差异的基本资料替换为二元logistic回归模型,探讨其与单侧经皮椎体成形术后手术及邻近椎体再次骨折的相关性。结果与结论:①单因素分析显示,两组患者的性别、体质量指数、女性患者绝经年龄、骨水泥剂量、既往史、吸烟史、饮酒史、手术节段、手术时间、住院时间方面比较差异无显著性意义(P>0.05),两组患者的年龄、骨密度T值、骨水泥渗漏、骨水泥分布方面比较差异有显著性意义(P<0.05);②二元logistic回归分析显示,年龄(95%CI:1.016-1.167,P=0.016)、骨水泥渗漏(95%CI:0.080-0.582,P=0.002)、骨密度T值(95%CI:1.214-22.602,P=0.026)和骨水泥分布(P=0.007)为经皮椎体成形术后手术及邻近椎体再次发生骨折的危险因素,并且骨水泥分布Ⅰ型(骨水泥分布不接触椎体上下终板)患者经皮椎体成形术后手术及邻近椎体再发骨折风险较高;③结果表明,经皮椎体成形术后手术及邻近椎体再次骨折源于多项危险因素的综合影响,年龄、骨水泥渗漏、骨密度T值及骨水泥分布皆为手术及邻近椎体再次骨折设为独立高危因素,若骨水泥分布Ⅰ型则易引发手术或邻近椎体再次骨折。

ERAS在双平面机器人辅助经皮骶髂关节螺钉固定治疗骶骨骨折中的应用

目的评价加速康复外科(ERAS)在双平面机器人辅助经皮骶髂关节螺钉固定治疗骶骨骨折中的临床效果。方法选取2018年12月至2020年12月内蒙古医科大学附属医院采用双平面机器人辅助经皮骶髂关节螺钉固定治疗的24例骶骨纵形骨折患者作为研究对象,随机分为ERAS组与常规组(n=12),其中常规组采取常规围手术期管理模式,ERAS组在常规管理基础上实施ERAS精细化围手术期管理方案,对两组患者围手术期指标、影像学结果和疗效指标进行对比分析。结果对两组患者螺钉置入位置进行影像学检查(X线、CT扫描),均达到满意程度;Matta影像评分两组相近(P>0.05)。ERAS组术后2 d疼痛视觉模拟量表评分、术后3 d Braden压疮评分和末次随访Majeed评分均优于常规组,住院时间短于常规组,两组比较,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论在机器人辅助经皮骶髂关节螺钉固定围手术期管理中运用ERAS理念,疼痛缓解更加有效、压疮风险更低、住院时间更短,更有利于骶骨骨折患者术后骨盆功能恢复,可在脊柱外科机器人手术中推广和应用。

经正前方切口入路治疗儿童股骨颈骨折的疗效分析

目的探讨一种简单易行、创伤小的儿童股骨颈骨折手术入路方法,并初步评估其疗效。方法回顾性分析2017年2月至2023年1月广东医科大学东莞市儿童医院小儿骨科及重庆医科大学附属儿童医院骨科采取切开复位、加压螺钉或克氏针固定治疗的儿童股骨颈骨折患儿临床资料,共13例(14侧,其中1例合并癫痫患儿两侧股骨颈先后相隔6个月发生骨折),男10例、女3例;年龄3.2~8.2岁,平均年龄6.5岁。Delbet分型:Ⅰ型2例(2侧),Ⅱ型9例(10侧),Ⅲ型2例(2侧)。术前均存在明显骨折移位或成角畸形。手术在全身麻醉下进行,于C臂下精准定位,采用正前方切口入路(direct anterior approach,DAA),切开皮肤、皮下组织,钝性游离股直肌近端外侧,并将股直肌近端向内侧牵开,显露髋关节囊前部。对于Ⅱ、Ⅲ型骨折,打开关节囊,助手牵引,直视下复位,打入导针确定无误后打入2枚直径4.0 mm的空心加压螺钉固定;对于Ⅰ型骨折,采用3~4枚直径2.0 mm的克氏针固定。术后髋人字支具或石膏固定6周。术后3个月内患侧避免负重,每个月随访1次,术后6个月拆除内固定。收集患儿切口长度、手术时间、术中出血量、复位以及随访情况。结果患儿平均切口长度3.2 cm,术中未切断任何肌肉,平均手术时间36 min,术中平均出血量12.3 mL。术后X线片均显示解剖复位。13例均获随访,拆除内固定时间为术后6~12个月,平均为术后6.8个月。1例Ⅰ型骨折患儿拔出克氏针后,MRI发现股骨头缺血坏死。结论DAA治疗儿童股骨颈骨折,骨折部位暴露清楚,创伤小,不破坏前方肌肉的完整性,术后功能恢复快,并发症少,是治疗儿童股骨颈骨折的一种简单易行的手术入路方法。

骨科机器人辅助下闭合复位空心钉内固定治疗股骨颈骨折

目的:探讨机器人导航定位系统辅助下闭合复位空心钉内固定治疗股骨颈骨折的临床初步疗效。方法:回顾分析2019年7月至2020年1月36例闭合性股骨颈骨折患者,根据是否采用机器人系统辅助股骨颈骨折内固定手术分为两组。采用机器人系统导航下闭合复位内固定治疗股骨颈骨折16例(导航组),男7例,女9例,年龄25~72(53.61±5.45)岁;骨折Garden分型,Ⅰ型3例,Ⅱ型3例,Ⅲ型8例,Ⅳ型2例。非导航组(对照组):采用闭合复位空心钉内固定治疗股骨颈骨折20例,男8例,女12例,年龄46~70(55.23±4.64)岁;GardenⅠ型2例,Ⅱ型4例,Ⅲ型11例,Ⅳ型3例。对两组患者手术时间、透视次数、导针钻孔次数、螺钉调整次数、术中出血量等指标进行评价。结果:两组术后均获随访,时间12~18(15.6±2.8)个月。两组骨折均愈合,无骨折延迟愈合及骨不连发生。两组愈合时间比较,差异无统计学意义(P=0.782)。末次随访时两组Harris评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P=0.813>0.05)。两组间手术时间比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。两组透视次数、导针钻孔次数、螺钉调整次数、术中出血量比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:机器人导航系统辅助下闭合复位空心钉内固定治疗股骨颈骨折操作微创化,螺钉置入精准化,而且减少医患术中X线照射损害。

股骨距环扎固定联合阿仑膦酸钠对骨质疏松性股骨颈骨折BTMs及预后的影响

目的观察“糖果钢丝”环扎术对股骨距环扎固定联合阿仑膦酸钠对骨质疏松性股骨颈基底部骨折骨转换生化标志物(bone turnover markers,BTMs)及预后的影响。方法筛选2019年5月至2022年5月符合纳入标准的64例骨质疏松性股骨颈基底部骨折患者,随机分为观察组和对照组,每组32例。对照组予以股骨头置换术,术后连续服用碳酸钙D3片3个月;观察组在对照组的基础上予以股骨距“糖果钢丝”环扎固定术,术后连续服用阿仑膦酸钠片3个月。比较2组手术时间、术中出血量、手术切口长度、开始下地时间、住院时间,并分别比较治疗前和治疗3个月后2组患者假体周围骨密度(bone mineral density,BMD)、血清Ⅰ型原胶原N-端前肽(serum N-terminal peptide of type Ⅰ collagen,S-PINP)、血清Ⅰ型胶原C-末端肽交联(serum C-terminal telopeptide of type Ⅰ collagen,S-CTX);并随访12个月分析患者术后Harris髋关节功能评分、疼痛视觉模拟评分(visual analogue scale,VAS)、改良Barthel指数(modified Barthel index,MBI)评分改善情况及术后并发症发生情况。结果2组患者手术时间、术中出血量、切口长度比较无显著差异(P>0.05),2组患者术后开始下地时间和住院时间比较观察组显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。2组骨转换生化标志物S-PINP和S-CTX均较术前升高,但观察组骨形成生化标志物S-PINP显著高于对照组,骨吸收生化标志物S-CTX显著低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。2组假体周围BMD均较治疗前升高,且观察组显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。随访12个月时Harris评分、BMI评分均较术前提高,且观察组显著高于对照组,VAS评分均较术前降低,且观察组显著低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术后随访期间观察组并发症发生率低于对照组,但差异无统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论“糖果钢丝”环扎技术联合阿仑膦酸钠可以有效改善骨质疏松性股骨颈骨折术后骨转换状态,促进骨重塑,提供更加稳定的股骨柄骨长入环境,对患者预后恢复疗效显著。

X射线断层融合技术对股骨颈骨折股骨颈动力交叉钉系统内固定后疗效评估的价值

目的:通过常规X射线与X射线断层融合成像两种影像技术的比较,探讨X射线断层融合技术对股骨颈骨折股骨颈动力交叉钉系统(FNS)内固定后骨愈合和骨痂生长情况评估的应用价值。方法:选取2019年10月至2020年6月北京市海淀医院骨科收治的18例股骨颈骨折患者,所有患者均采用FNS内固定治疗,分别于术后1个月和12个月时行普通X射线和X射线断层融合成像,评价两种影像技术对股骨颈骨折FNS内固定术后骨愈合和骨痂生长情况的显示情况,统计两种影像技术对股骨颈骨折FNS内固定图像检测过程的相关参数。结果:在股骨颈骨折患者术后1个月时X射线断层融合成像技术的骨痂检出率均低于术后12个月,且X射线断层融合技术在患者术后1个月和12个月时的骨痂检出率(94.44%和61.11%)均高于X射线(61.11%和33.33%),差异有统计学意义(x2=5.100、5.790,P<0.05);经秩和检验显示,两种影像技术在股骨颈骨折患者术后1个月和12个月时的骨痂生长情况图像质量评分分布差异有统计学意义(Z=2.113,2.018,P<0.05),两种影像技术的术后1个月和12个月骨愈合图像质量比较,差异有统计学意义(Z=2.868、2.258,P<0.05);X射线断层融合技术成像引导的治疗前骨折处检测影像图显示效果理想,图像清晰,较完整清晰地显示出患者的骨折线,术后12个月X射线正侧位可见连续性骨痂通过骨折线,达临床愈合;X射线断层融合技术对股骨颈骨折FNS内固定图像检测过程的空气比释动能、剂量面积乘积以及有效剂量均低于常规X射线成像,差异均有统计学意义(t=5.900、2.466、32.255,P<0.05)。结论:在对股骨颈骨折FNS内固定后患者骨愈合情况的诊断评价中,使用X射线断层融合技术能够更好地对患者的骨痂生长情况进行检测,判定骨愈合程度,尤其是对术后恢复时间更长的判定效果更佳,且安全性较好,在检测过程中辐射损伤较小。

营养状况、骨代谢及股骨颈强度指数和骨髓脂质分数与老年髋部骨折术后关节功能恢复的关系研究

目的探究营养状况、骨代谢及股骨颈强度指数(FSI)和骨髓脂质分数(LF)与老年髋部骨折术后关节功能恢复的关系。方法选取2021年6月至2023年6月于原阳县中心医院接受治疗的髋部骨折手术老年患者160例为研究对象。根据患者髋关节功能恢复情况进行分组,恢复良好患者87例纳入良好组,恢复不良患者73例纳入不良组。对比两组患者一般资料、营养状况、骨代谢及FSI和LF。结果良好组年龄≥75岁比例、体重、体质量指数(BMI)、股骨粗隆间骨折比例、Ⅰ型胶原蛋白N端肽(NTX)、抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶5b(TPACP-5b)水平表达均低于不良组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);良好组微型营养评定(MNA)评分、FSI、LF、骨钙蛋白(BGP)水平表达均高于不良组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);经Logistic回归分析,MNA评分、LF、FSI、NTX、TPACP-5b、BGP水平表达均为影响老年髋部骨折术后关节功能恢复情况的独立危险因素,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);经受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析,MNA评分、FSI、LF、NTX、TPACP-5b水平表达均对老年髋部骨折术后关节功能恢复情况有较高的预测价值,曲线下面积(AUC)值分别为0.936、0.874、0.866、0.884、0.825;BGP水平表达的AUC值为0.634,可作为次要参考。结论观察行髋部骨折手术的老年患者术后营养状况、骨代谢及股骨颈强度指数和骨髓脂质分数的变化情况,有利于早期预测患者术后髋关节功能恢复情况,从而制定相应防控措施,帮助患者早日康复。

带锁髓内钉内固定术与加压钢板内固定术对四肢创伤性骨折后骨不连患者的治疗效果比较

目的 对比四肢创伤性骨折后骨不连采用带锁髓内钉内固定术、加压钢板内固定术进行治疗的效果。方法 选择66例四肢创伤性骨折后骨不连患者,采用随机数字表法分为对照组与观察组,每组33例。对照组患者行加压钢板内固定术治疗,观察组患者行带锁髓内钉内固定术治疗。比较两组手术疗效、手术指标、术后恢复指标、术后并发症发生情况、运动功能、生活能力和膝关节功能。结果 观察组患者手术优良率90.91%(30/33)高于对照组的63.64%(21/33)(P<0.05)。观察组患者手术用时(131.50±15.50)min、切口长度(15.30±2.50)cm、术后住院时间(10.50±1.50)d、患肢恢复时间(22.05±2.20)周短于对照组的(164.50±16.05)min、(18.30±3.30)cm、(15.50±1.50)d、(35.50±2.50)周,术中出血量(365.50±22.50)ml少于对照组的(453.50±30.60)ml(P<0.05)。观察组患者术后并发症发生率6.06%低于对照组的24.24%(P<0.05)。治疗后,两组患者运动功能、生活能力、膝关节功能评分均高于治疗前,且观察组高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论 带锁髓内钉内固定术治疗四肢创伤性骨折后骨不连具有较高的安全性与有效性,手术损伤小、恢复快,能促进患者运动功能、生活能力、膝关节功能恢复。