New Rural Community Construction or Retention Development:A Comparative Analysis of Rural Settlement Transition Mechanism in Plain Agriculture Area of China Based on Actor Network Theory

It is an important way to realize rural revitalization and sustainable development to guide rural settlement transition(RST)in an appropriate way.This paper uses actor network theory(ANT)to construct a theoretical framework for the study of RST.Taking two typical villages with different transition paths in rural areas of North China Plain as examples,this paper reveals the mechanism of RST and makes a comparative analysis.The results show that:1)after identifying problems and obligatory passage point,key actors recruit heterogeneous actors into the actor network by entrusting them with common interests,and realize RST under the system operation.2)Rural settlements under different transition paths have similarities in the problems to be solved,collective actions and policy factors,but there are differences in the transition process,mechanism and effect.The actor network and mechanism of RST through the path of new rural community construction are more complex and the transition effect is more thorough.In contrast,the degree of RST of retention development path is limited if there is no resource and location advantage.3)Based on the applicable conditions of different paths,this paper designs a logical framework of‘Situation-Structure-Behavior-Result’to scientifically guide the identification of RST paths under the background of rural revitalization.

Research on the Green Planning in Rural Settlements of Hui Nationality in Central Ningxia

Targeted at the residence status in rural settlements of Hui people in central Ningxia Hui Nationality Autonomous Region, this research revealed that the construction of new countryside and the transformation of old countryside all have to be on the basis of present topography, landform, environment, social-economic level, education, religion, customs, living habits and so on. The primary goal of this research was to find a method of ecology, low energy consumption and sustainable development to bring the green planning implementation strategies, to provide guidance for sustainable planning in the rural settlements of Hui Nationality in central Ningxia.

Analyzing land use characteristics of rural settlements on the urban fringe of Liangjiang New Area, Chongqing, China

The objective of this paper is to analyze land use characteristics of rural settlements in urban fringe so as to provide references for optimizing the regional distribution of rural settlements, consolidating rural settlements, and coordinating urban-rural integrated development. The methods of spatial statistical analysis, buffer analysis, Ripley's K function, kernel density analysis based on GIS(Geographic Information System) were used to analyze the characteristics of scale, spatial differentiation and spatial patterns of the rural settlements in Liangjiang New Area in Chongqing Municipality of China. The fractal dimension formula was also developed to reflect fractal feature of the rural settlements. The results show that, the scale of rural settlements in Liangjang New Area takes on distinct characteristics of spatial differentiation along with changes in elevation, gradient, location, geohazards distribution, and the like. The fractal characteristic of rural settlements has obvious regional variations subject to the 6 factors of location in the Liangjiang New Area. Overall, the worse the terrain conditions are, the larger the fractal dimension values become. The better the locationconditions, the larger the fractal dimension values are. The spatial pattern in the township scale presents three kinds of distribution as being aggregated, uniform and random. In contract, the spatial pattern in the plaque scale displays a banding distribution from a general view with several aggregation zones centering on each town center. From the results, we can see that the characteristics of rural settlements in urban fringe are more complicated. For such kind of rural settlements in special regions, in the rural land consolidation more attention should be paid to improve the rural living environments and public services, as well as to promote the harmonious relationship between the urban and rural areas.

Reflection on Rural Settlement Environmental Landscape of Mixed Living Areas of Multination in Xinjiang Province of China——A Case Study of Wuchang Region

As Xinjiang rural settlement planning has only paid attention to the completion of basic community functions but neglected landscape planning and shaping,strategies for sustainable development have been proposed by taking rural settlement landscape construction in mixed living areas of Wuchang for example.It should well deal with problems about nationalities and religious belief,solve the contradiction between traditional life and production mode and modern standardized agricultural life and production mode,promote the maximization of settlement landscape function,coordinate the relation between settlement landscape and natural environment,make settlement landscape correspond with traditional geomancy,construct definite landscape position and create regional landscape feature.Finally,in view of the design and renovation of settlement landscape,it has proposed respecting local natural geological condition,respecting current settlement pattern and layout,avoiding rebuilding new villages,and founding a"Settlement Landscape Construction and Development Autonomous Committee".

Idle School Buildings in Rural Areas: Will they Be Useful?

Taking the case of Enshi City,we survey the supply of public services in rural areas from education,health,culture and social security; reveal the relationship between the use of idle school buildings in rural areas and the improvement of public services in rural areas. On the basis of expounding the status quo of idle school buildings and public services in rural areas of Enshi City,the following recommendations are put forward: using the idle school buildings to develop rural public education; using the idle school buildings to develop rural public health and medical services; using the idle school buildings to develop public cultural undertakings in rural areas; using the idle school buildings to develop social security undertakings in rural areas.

A GIS-based Framework for Improving the Rural Settlement System in Dancheng County of Henan Province

[Objective] This study formulated a technical framework for key settlement selection in Dancheng County of Henan Province. [Method] The location set covering model (LSCM) provided by ArcGIS 10.0 was used in this study. [Result] After reconstruction, the settlement system in Dancheng County is composed of 2 county centers, 7 key towns and 122 key villages. [Conclusion] This study provides suggestions for the development of key settlements in Dancheng County, which contributes to improving the level of rural public services and ensuring social justice.

Spatiotemporal Interaction Between Rural Settlements and Cultivated Land in Karst Mountainous Area,China

Settlements and cultivated land are important production and living spaces in promoting rural revitalization.However,few studies have explored the relationship between rural settlements and cultivated land from spatiotemporal interaction perspective.This paper analyzed the spatiotemporal conversion and the interactive mechanism between rural settlements and cultivated land in a karst mountainous area(Qixingguan District of Guizhou Province)with fragile ecological environment in China during 2009–2018.The results showed that the expansion of rural settlements and the loss of cultivated land coexisted in Qixingguan District.Only 2.68%of the new cultivated land was reclaimed from rural settlements,whereas 85.45%of the new rural settlements occupied cultivated land.Six spatial expansion modes of rural settlements when occupying cultivated land were identified.Among these six modes,the area of the edge-expansion&along traffic roads(EA)mode accounted for 52.75%.The occupation by rural settlements made the cultivated land landscape more fragmented.The area ratio index of cultivated land to rural settlements(ARICR)of Qixingguan District averaged 18.75in 2009 and 17.21 in 2018,respectively.The ARICR reduced in all township administrative regions.Cultivated land with suitable slope condition for farming or without rocky desertification was more likely to be occupied by rural settlements.The probability of cultivated land occupied by rural settlements increased with the decrease of the distance to traffic roads,towns,and old rural settlements.The better the economic and social development of the township administrative regions,the more the ARICR decreased,while the richer the agricultural resources and the better the rural development of the township administrative regions,the less the ARICR decreased.The optimal reconstruction path of rural settlements,the comprehensive conservation path of cultivated land and the urban-rural integration development path in karst mountainous area were proposed.The findings would contribute to our understanding of the spatiotemporal interaction between rural settlements and cultivated land,and would provide a theoretical basis for promoting the coordinated development of rural man-land relationship and rural revitalization in karst areas.

Suitability Evaluation of Rural Settlements Based on Accessibility of Production and Living： A Case Study of Tingzu Town in Hubei Prov- ince of China

Rural settlements are the main carriers of agriculture, rural areas and farmers; thus, optimizing the production and living space of rural settlements is highly significant to rural development. Taking the effective allocation of resources as the starting point, a suitability evaluation system of rural settlements, based on accessibility of production and living, was proposed in this study to provide scientific basis for the optimization of production and living space. The accessibility of production and living was measured by an im- proved two-step floating catchment area method, which considered proximity and availability based on the inclination of rural residents. The suitability evaluation system consisted of traditional suitability evaluation and newly proposed limiting factor identification based on the loss score proportion of suitability. Tingzu Town of Hubei Province, China, was chosen as the case study area. Based on the re- suits of the suitability evaluation system, corresponding suggestions on rural land consolidation, industry division, as well as the layout of health care and education facilities were proposed to optimize the production and living space of rural settlements in Tingzu Town. It is found that the suitability evaluation based on accessibility of production and living is more scientific and accurate than the traditional ones which significantly overestimate production and living convenience. Moreover, the limiting factor identification can help us put forward suggestions according to local conditions and bring about the highly targeted optimization of production and living space of rural settlements.

Research on the Evaluation Indicator System for Rural Green Building

Based on the actual situation and the survey results in rural areas,with the domestic and foreign advanced green building standard as a reference,we initially determine the evaluation indicator system for rural green building. We use the AHP-Delphi method to calculate the weight,and get a multi-goal,multi-factor,and multi-level rural green building evaluation method suitable for the rural environment,social and economic situation,and apply this method to 10 villages in Shaanxi Province. After the evaluation and scoring,we give the following recommendations:( i) Strengthening the energy-saving design and improving the living comfort;( ii) Enhancing the application of appropriate technologies;( iii) Improving the level of development environment.

Optimal Design of Rural Human Settlements Under the Background of New Era

The optimization of rural human settlements has made great achievements in the rapid development of China’s social economy,but from the overall effect,there are still many problems to be solved in the construction of rural human settlements.Based on the current situation of rural human settlements,this study investigated and analyzed the existing problems of rural human settlements.On this basis,the principles of optimal design of rural human settlements under the background of the new era and specific improvement measures were clarified,hoping to provide some reference for the future optimization of rural human settlements.

Function of Rural Settlement Complex Ecosystem in Mountain Area:A Case Study of Raosi Village of Zuogong County,Tibet

Using energy analysis,the quantifying evaluation and study method on production, living and ecology functions and their sustainability of rural settlement ecosystem in mountain area is established with these energy index such as export of labor and products, export of water resource, internal energy reserve, energy consumption for human living, net energy of ecosystem function and net internal reserve. Taking rural settlement Raosi Village in Hengduan Mountains as a case study, and on the basis of the synthetic research into the ecological process of the complex ecosystem, the study shows that energy costs of production, human living and ecology functions are separately taking 1.36%, 13.59% and 85. 05% of the gross ecosystem functions, and the exertions of production and human living functions are close to a high-point state on the present using level of energy in the settlement. The study also shows that the most important function of a rural settlement in mountain area is its ecological rather productive function.

Measures and Policy Suggestions for Improving Rural Settlements in Guangdong

Since 2000,Guangdong has continued to increase investment in infrastructure construction in rural areas,and indicators for the main construction in the rural areas have met the requirement of remediation.However,the return visit has found that there are still huge gaps in urban and rural settlements.Therefore,this paper comprehensively investigated and scientifically analyzed existing problems in the rural settlements in Guangdong,and proposed that urbanization was the fundamental way to improve the rural settlements by carrying out the strategic planning of the provincial urbanization space and formulating different policies in urban areas and rural areas.Specifically,in the urban areas,the municipal government could coordinate the urban-rural development,formulate a transformation and development plan for villages to be urbanized,and classify the villages into three types in accordance with the degree of influence of villages affected by the cities to set different planning policies.In the rural areas,the provincial government was responsible for rural protection and development together with the county government,and divided the villages into three types according to the regional planning goals to implement different supporting policies for them.

粮食安全视角下农村乱占耕地建房执法问题研究——基于400个典型案例的实证分析

粮食安全关乎国运民生。当前,我国农村乱占耕地建房问题突出,对粮食安全造成一定威胁,国务院及其相关部门虽多次加大对农村乱占耕地建房的执法力度,但执法效果仍存在较大提升空间。文章通过对筛选的400个农村乱占耕地建房典型案例进行实证分析,认为当前农村乱占耕地建房执法仍存在执法权横向划分不明确、基层执法权纵向配置不合理、综合执法力度不足、执法队伍业务水平不高等问题,并提出明确划分执法权限、推进部门综合执法、下放行政执法权、提高执法队伍业务水平是突破农村乱占耕地建房执法困境、守牢耕地红线、夯实粮食安全根基的因应之策。

基于“源-汇”理论的山区农村居民点“三生空间”优化研究——以井陉县为例

本研究根据农村居民点以及太行山区县域“三生空间”分布特征,基于“源-汇”理论和MCR模型,从生态源地扩张和生产源地扩张的角度,依据“三生”功能构建阻力面指标体系,计算最小累积阻力面差,实现县域“三生空间”的划分和农村居民点分类整治优化。结果表明:(1)基于“源-汇”理论的最小累积阻力模型在山区“三生空间”格局构建,农村居民点分类整治中具有相容性和可行性;(2)研究区以生态保护区和生态优化区为主,生态空间占比59.5%,以生态功能为主,农村居民点分布中生产功能占比62.7%,以生产功能导向为主,因此,乡村整治要根据农村居民所处的主导功能分类整治;(3)乡村整治应综合考虑农村居民点的生活、生产、生态功能特征,分类促进山区乡村振兴和生态文明建设。

基于多因素正交实验的关中民居节能优化分析

为解决陕西关中地区民居建筑围护结构热工性能不佳、采暖效率低的问题,本文以关中典型民居为研究对象,从建筑外围护结构和窗墙比方面展开关中民居节能优化分析。结合现场测试调研数据,通过DesigBuilder软件模拟能耗,探究围护结构构造和窗墙比大小对关中民居建筑热负荷、冷负荷、全生命周期投资收益比的影响,采用多因素正交实验方法耦合分析各优化方案的节能性与经济性,选出最适宜的综合节能策略。结果表明关中民居最佳节能优化策略为外墙加设80 mm厚EPS保温层、屋顶加设60 mm厚XPS保温层、外窗改用普通中空5+9A+5玻璃、北向窗墙比0.1、南向窗墙比0.3。优化后关中典型民居节能61.98%,冬季典型气象日室内平均温度上升2.78℃。

采空影响区高层建筑抗变形设计方法及应用案例

在煤炭资源型城市转型期,对土地资源的需求日益紧张,煤炭采空区不再只是进行城市绿化,而是越来越细分,在可利用的场地上进行工程建设。重点研究煤炭资源型城市采空影响区域内,基于数值沉降抗变形分析,高层建筑在保证安全的前提下,采用更加经济合理的地基基础方案及抗变形措施,这一设计方法的实施可以解决很多采空影响区内建筑活动因为过高抗变形措施费而停滞的项目,缓解了煤炭资源型城市发展用地需求。基于目前国内外采空影响区域内砌体结构及高层建筑抗变形设计分析方法,提出采用岩土有限元软件精细化模拟正常施工沉降变形及残余变形影响下的沉降变形;基于典型项目案例计算分析,提出抗变形设计的量化分析结果。分析方法及量化结果为后续煤炭资源型城市高层建筑的抗变形设计提供了可借鉴的经验。

浙江省农村居民点与乡村人口耦合关系及时空特征

土地是农村最重要的资源与资产,农村的人地关系是土地节约集约利用、城乡融合、乡村振兴与共同富裕的重要影响因素。该研究以浙江省为例,运用土地利用动态度、地学图谱法、人地协调模型和Tapio脱钩模型对2000—2020年浙江省农村居民点时空演变进行分析,并识别县域尺度农村居民点-乡村人口脱钩类型与人地耦合关系演进过程。结果表明:1)浙江省农村居民点时间上呈现减速上升的趋势,耕地是主要转入源,城镇用地与耕地是主要转出源;空间上呈现多区域集中,全域分散增加的趋势。2)人均农村居民点面积在时间序列上呈现持续上升的趋势,空间格局上呈现显著集聚特征,高值区聚集于浙北平原区,而低值区集聚于浙西南山地区。3)浙江省县域乡村人口-农村居民点脱钩关系以强负脱钩为主,即区域乡村人口下降,而农村居民点面积保持上升趋势,乡村人地耦合关系失调现象严重。研究结果对调节人地关系、促进农村土地资源的有效配置与高效利用具有重要意义。

铰接方钢管组合异形柱框架抗震性能研究

为解决村镇住宅体系存在的装配式程度及标准化程度较低、现场焊接工作繁多、室内建筑面积浪费等问题,提出了一种铰接方钢管组合异形柱框架体系。该体系中异形柱采用3根空钢管通过钢板与加劲肋组合而成的L形柱,梁柱节点为腹板螺栓连接的铰接节点。通过拟静力试验对该体系的抗震性能进行研究。研究结果表明:相比于铰接钢管混凝土组合异形柱,铰接空钢管组合异形柱框架体系先于梁端出现转角,最后破坏模式为柱脚破坏,具有更优良的抗震耗能和更缓慢的强度与刚度退化,并通过对比刚接节点和铰接节点的骨架曲线,发现节点刚接程度对结构整体的抗侧刚度影响较大。

风险认知、生计资本与农户宅基地退出意愿研究——以兰州市八里镇移民安置区农户为例

农户自愿有偿退出宅基地对深化农村改革影响深远。研究风险认知对农户宅基地退出意愿的影响,以及生计资本在风险认知影响农户宅基地退出意愿中的调节作用,引导农户自愿有偿退出宅基地,提高农村土地资源利用效率,对促进城乡融合发展、推动乡村振兴战略实施具有重要现实意义。本研究基于兰州市八里镇移民安置区农户调研数据,利用二元Logit模型和调节效应模型,理论分析并实证检验了风险认知与生计资本对农户宅基地退出意愿的影响,进而分析生计资本在其中发挥的调节作用。研究结果表明,农户在宅基地退出决策中具有显著的规避风险的意识,农户在宅基地退出中产生的风险认知对退出意愿有负向作用,而生计资本则对农户宅基地退出意愿有正向作用;此外,生计资本还可以缓解农户宅基地退出意愿中的风险认知。基于此,加快推进农户宅基地自愿有偿退出,应完善农户宅基地退出后的各项保障政策、引导农户树立正确科学的风险意识以及构建差别化的宅基地退出机制。

晋东南高都镇村庙对乡村聚落的整合作用

城镇化进程中,乡村聚落人居空间环境与社会环境发展失衡,乡村聚落正面临“失活消亡”的问题。对此,以晋城市高都镇村庙建筑为研究对象,探究村庙建筑与乡村聚落商业空间的关系,得出村庙建筑对传统乡村聚落的地域空间和商业空间两方面存在物质性和精神性的双重整合作用;村庙建筑等公共空间既是乡村聚落人居空间环境的物质核心,也是乡土社会商业行为的物质载体。