Seasonal Variation of Physiological and Biochemical Indexes of White-tibetan Sheep

In this study, to understand the variation regulation of physiological and biochemical indexs of White-Tibetan sheep with seasons, the physiological and bio- chemical indexs of White-Tibetan sheep in Hongyuan Areas of Sichuan Province in four seasons were measured. The results showed that the respiratory change range of white-Tibetan sheep in four seasons was from （32.74±21.33） to （49.96±17.62） times/min, and the variation ranges of body temperature and heart rate were from （39.27±1.05） to （39.73±0.31） ℃ and from （88.75±8.32） to （104.63±10.39） times/min, respectively. The indexes of WBC, MCV, MCH and MCHC in autumn and winter were extremely significantly lower than those in spring and summer, while RBC,HCT and RDW-CV in autumn and winter were extremely significantly higher than those in spring and summer, HGB and PLT changed in different seasons with no signifi- cance. The indexes of AST,TP, ALB, GLO and LDH in summer and autumn were relatively higher than those in winter and spring, while the indexes of PCHE, GLU, CHOL and CA in summer and autumn were relatively lower than those in winter and spring, however, the indexes of ALT and ALP were relatively higher in spring and autumn.

Effects of Cadmium Stress on Physiological and Biochemical Indexes in Different Maize Cultivars

[Objective] This paper aimed to investigate the effects of cadmium（Cd）stress on physiological and biochemical indexes in different maize cultivars and provide theoretical basis for the study on heavy metal ecotoxicology.[Method] The maize cultivars includeing Tienan 2,Yingdan 11 and Zhengdan 958 which were widely planted in Liaoning Province were selected as the experimental materials.And then the effects of different Cd2＋ concentrations on seed germination,physiological and biochemical indexes of young seedlings were investigated.[Result] The lower Cd2＋ concentration showed some the stimulation effect on seed germination of maize,while the higher concentration had obvious inhibitory effect to some extend.The seed germination of all the maize verities was obviously inhibited when the Cd2＋ concentration was more than 5 mg/L.And with the increasing of the Cd2＋ concentration,the seedling growth,exosmic conductivity and chlorophyll content of the maize varieties with different tolerance to Cd2＋ were distinctly changed.[Conclusion] The resistance of Tienan 2 to Cd2＋ was significantly higher than that of the other two varieties.

Relationship Between Hyperspectral Parameters and Physiological and Biochemical Indexes of Flue-Cured Tobacco Leaves

The experiment was set up for examining the physiological and biological indexes quickly and exactly, for obtaining information of tobacco-field fertilizing and tobacco growing. The ASD Field spec FR 2500 was used to measure spectra reflectance of flue-cured tobacco and the relationship between hyperspectral parameters and biochemical contents （total nitrogen, chlorophyll, carotenoid）, and physiological indexes （fresh weight, dry weight, moisture content） of flue-cured tobacco leaves was studied by correlation and stepwise regression statistic methods at different nitrogen and potassium levels. The results indicated that the spectra curves of different treatments had obvious rules and great diversities. There were high correlations between different types of spectra parameters and ten physiological and biochemical indexes of flue-cured tobacco leaves. Hyperspectral characteristic variables of ten physiological and biochemical indexes were found through stepwise regression, and SDr/SDb was the characteristic variable closest to seven biochemical contents. Simultaneously, the R2 and regression coefficient of equations reached 0.05 significant level and the equations had good estimating effects through the examination of other samples. Accordingly, this study suggested that the ten physiological and biochemical indexes could be estimated quickly by the estimating models, at the same time nitrogen-potassium fertilization and growth condition of flue-cured tobacco could be inspected.

Analysis of Physiological and Biochemical Indexes of White Suffolk Sheep,White-tibetan Sheep and Tibetan Sheep

In order to compare the physiological and biochemical indexes of different sheep populations in plateau area,we measured the physiological and biochemical indexes of White Suffolk sheep,White-tibetan sheep and Tibetan sheep in four seasons.The body temperature,respiration and heart rate of White Suffolk sheep,White-tibetan sheep and Tibetan sheep throughout the year were（38.96±0.23）-（40.80±0.74）℃,（27.20±7.73）-（74.56±10.91）times/min,and（83.10±2.42）-（106.25±7.07）times/min,respectively.The main blood physiological indexes of White-tibetan sheep were between those of Suffolk sheep and Tibetan sheep or close to that of Tibetan sheep,the indexes of WBC in summer,HGB and RDW-CV in autumn,RDW-CV in winter were close to that of White Suffolk sheep.The main blood biochemical indexes of White-tibetan sheep were between that of White Suffolk sheep and Tibetan sheep or close to that of Tibetan sheep,but the indexes of ALB in spring,AST in summer,ALP and CHOL in autumn,and ALP in winter were close to that of White Suffolk sheep.It revealed that the adaptability of White-tibetan sheep was prior to White Suffolk sheep,and tended to Tibetan sheep in the plateau environment.

Seasonal Changes of Physiological and Biochemical Indexes of Tibetan Sheep

To investigate the seasonal changes in physiological and biochemical indexes of Tibetan sheep in Hongyuan area,we measured the physiological and biochemical indexes of Tibetan sheep at four different seasons. The results showed that the body temperature,respiration and heart rate of Tibetan sheep at four seasons were 39. 18- 39. 60 ℃,27. 20- 49. 04 times / min,91. 87- 106. 25 times / min,respectively. The indexes of WBC,MCV,MCH and MCHC in autumn and winter were significantly higher than those in spring and summer（ P 〈 0. 01）,while the indexes of RBC,HCT and RDW-CV in spring and summer were significantly higher than those in autumn and winter（ P 〈 0. 01）. The PLT did not vary greatly in spring,summer or autumn,but were all extremely higher than that in winter（ P〈 0. 01）. The HGB maintained stable in the four seasons. The indexes of TP,ALB and GLO in summer and autumn were extremely higher than those in winter and spring（ P 〈 0. 01）,while the indexes of ALP and PCHE in summer and autumn were extremely lower than those in winter and spring（ P 〈 0. 01）. The indexes of AST,ALT,LDH,GLU,CHOL and CA maintained stable in all seasons.

Physiological and Biochemical Indexes of Tibetan Sheep at Different Months of Age

To study the changes in physiological and biochemical indexes of Tibetan sheep from the plateau area at different months of age,we measured the physiological and biochemical indexes of Tibetan sheep reared in Hongyuan County of Sichuan Province according to their growth stages. The results showed that the respiration,body temperature and heart rate of Tibetan sheep at 3- 24 months of age were( 24. 60 ± 6. 33)-( 50. 30 ± 21. 18) times / min,( 39. 14 ± 0. 28) ℃-( 39. 64 ± 0. 17) ℃ and( 91. 00 ± 13. 27)-( 112. 00 ± 8. 69) times/min,respectively. The blood physiological indexes of Tibetan sheep including white blood cell count( WBC),hematocrit( HCT) and red blood cell distribution width coefficient of variation( RDW- CV) at 3,6,15 and 18 months of age were relatively lower than those at 9,12,21 and 24 months of age. The blood physiological indexes including red blood cell count( RBC),mean corpuscular capacity( MCV),mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration( MCHC) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin( MCH) at 3,6,15 and 18 months of age were relatively higher than those at 9,12,21 and 24 months of age,while hemoglobin( HGB) and platelet count( PLT) did not vary with months of age. For blood biochemical indexes,alanine aminotransferase( ALT),albumin( ALB),globulin( GLO) and total cholesterol( CHOL) reached the maximum values at 21 months of age; alkaline phosphatase( ALKP),lactate dehydrogenase( LDH),blood glucose( GLU) and pseudocholinesterase( PCHE) reached the maximum values at 3 months of age;and total calcium( CA),total protein( TP),aspartate aminotransferase( AST) reached the maximum values at 9,18 and 24 months of age,respectively.

Analysis of Physiological and Biochemical Indexes of White-tibetan Sheep at Different Months of Age

To study the physiological and biochemical indexes of White-tibetan sheep in plateau environment, we measured the physiological and biochemical inde- xes of White-tibetan sheep at 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18,21 and 24 months of age. The results showed that the body temperature, respiration and heart rate of White-ti- betan sheep at 3 - 24 months of age were （38.89 ±0. 56） - （39.83 ± 0.32） ℃, （26.00±6.67 ） - （58.64 ± 12.67 ） times/rain and （ 83.90 ± 7.64） - （111.36 ±7.46） times/rain, respectively. The blood physiological indexes of WBC, HCT and RDW-CV at 3, 6, 15 and 18 months of age were lower than those at 9, 12, 21 and 24 months of age. On the contrary, the indexes of RBC, MCV, MCH and MCHC at 3, 6, 15 and 18 months of age were higher than those at 9, 12, 21 and24 months of age, while HGB and PLT did not vary with months of age. For blood biochemical indexes, ALT, AST, TP, ALB, LDH and CHOL reached the maximums at 21 months of age, while ALP, PCHE and GLU reached the maximums at 3 months of age. Besides, the GLO and GA reached the maxi- mums at 18 and 24 months of age, respectively. The physiological and biochemical indexes of White-tibetan sheep followed certain rules in growth and development process, and might be affected by plateau climate and season.

Physiological and Biochemical Response of Artificial Wetland Plant under Electric Field

By measuring wetland plants chlorophyll content,malondialdehyde(MDA) content and superoxide dismutase(SOD) enzyme activity,the changes of wetland plant physiological characeristics under different power strength were studied,and the mechanism of electric field on plant physiological characteristics was analyzed to provide a theoretical basis for the pollutant removal ability strengthening of artificial wetland under electricfield.The results showed that compared with the control plants,low-intensity-voltage(1 V and 3 V) had no significant effect on the normal physiological and biochemical indexes of the plants,and the growth trend was better than the control group;with the voltage increasing,plant chlorophyll content,MDA content and SOD activity were greatly affected,indicating that plants were under strong oxidative stress,and the growth was damaged.Therefore,a suitable electric field could enhance the sewage treatment effect of constructed wetland.

Physiological and Biochemical Responses of Grape Yinhong Seedlings to Short-term Weaklight Stress

The plant growth and physiological and biochemical responses of root and leaves of grape Yinhong seedlings to the weak lights of 20 000,16 000,12 000,8 000 lx and the normal illumination of 25 000 lx（CK） respectively,were investigated.There was no significant dfference in growth indexes of root and leaves of grapevine seedlings between the light of 20 000 lx and CK,and the light of 16 000 lx and CK for 30 d.The chlorophyll contents,soluble protein contents,net photosynthetic rates,transpiration rates,stomatal conductance,water use efficiency and protective enzyme（CAT,POD,SOD） activities in the leaves under the lights of 20 000 lx and 16 000 lx for 30 d were all higher than those under the lights of 20 000 lx and 16 000 lx for 1 d.Under the light of 8 000 lx for 30 d,the growth indexes of root and leaves of grapevine seedlings were significantly lower than those of CK,and except for MDA content,most physiological and biochemical indexes of the leaves were significantly lower than those under the light of 8 000 lx for 1 d.Under12 000 lx,the values of most growth indexes in root and leaves and physiological and biochemical indexes in leaves were between the 16 000 lx and 8 000 lx.In conclusion,Yinhong could grow under the lights above 16 000 lx,and would be stunted by the weak light below 8 000 lx.

Physiological and Biochemical Responses of Zizania latifolia to Traditional Chinese Medicine Wastewater

Effects of traditional Chinese medicine wastewater treatment on the physiological and biochemical indexes( such as TTC,Pro,GSH,MDA,SOD,POD,CAT,and PAL) of Zizania latifolia were investigated under four concentrations of medicine wastewater. The results showed that under the stress of traditional Chinese medicine wastewater,the contents of GSH,MDA and Pro had different degrees of increase,which would promote the increasing of superoxide anion. Meanwhile,the activities of root,SOD,POD,CAT and PAL also increased with the concentration of traditional Chinese medicine wastewater. Therefore,Z. latifolia had very strong anti-adversity abilities and tolerances to traditional Chinese medicine wastewater and can be used as one of the constructed wetland plants treating medicine wastewater.

Evaluation of Germplasm of Pearl Millet(Penissetum glaucum L.)for Agronomic,Physiological and Biochemical Traits under Semi-arid Conditions of Hamelmalo

A field experiment was conducted at the experimental farm of Hamelmalo Agricultural College during summer 2017,to evaluate the agronomic,physiological,and biochemical performance of the collected Eritrean germplasm of pearl millet.A total of 16 accessions were tested,out of which 2 were improved varieties included as a check.The experiment was laid out in 4 x 4 Simple Lattice Design with Randomized Block using 4 replications with a gross plot size of 3.0 m x 1.2 m,row to row spacing of 75 cm and plant to plant spacing of 30 cm.The data collected were Agronomic parameters(growth,development,yield,and yield contributing characters);Physiological parameters(Relative water content and Water Use Efficiency);and Biochemical parameters(crude fat,crude fiber,protein content,TSS,and ash content).The data were analyzed using GENSTAT software and correlation analysis was worked to see the positive and negative contribution of agronomic,physiological,and biochemical attributes.The results of the study showed that Bariyay908 and Kona being statistically at par with Bariyay 910,Hagaz,Zibedi,Shleti,Delkata,Tokroray,and Kunama produced significantly higher grain yield.However,among these Baryay908 because of its superior agronomic characteristics,lower incidence of downy mildew,relatively higher water use efficiency and higher crude protein content were found to be comparatively superior to the check improved varieties Kona and Hagaz.Grain yield has shown a positive and significant correlation with harvest index,number of seeds per panicle,panicle length,leaf area and water use efficiency.These promising accessions need to be further tested for future breeding programs to develop varieties higher in productivity and resistant to downy mildew under semi-arid conditions of Eritrea.

Effects of Melatonin on Growth,Physiology and Gene Expression in Rice Seedlings Under Cadmium Stress

Melatonin(MLT)is a hormonal substance found in many organisms and can improve plant stress resistance.In this study,the japonica rice variety Y32 and indica rice variety NJ6 were cultivated in hydroponics under different concentrations of CdCl2 at the two-leaf stage.The growth,physiological and biochemical responses of the seedlings and the expression of cadmium(Cd)-related genes under exogenous melatonin(MLT)treatment were assessed.The results indicated that Cd stress destroyed the dynamic balance between reactive oxygen species(ROS)production and removal,resulting in ROS accumulation,membrane lipid peroxidation,and impaired growth and development.Following the application of exogenous MLT to rice seedlings,increases in plant biomass including both underground and above-ground areas were observed.MLT also scavenged the inhibition of superoxide dismutase(SOD)and peroxidase(POD)in a concentration dependent manner in response to Cd stress.Catalase(CAT)activity and malondialdehyde(MDA)expression also decreased following MLT treatment.Amongst the six Cd-related genes assessed,five genes were downregulated and one was up-regulated in response to MLT treatment.Taken together,these data demonstrate that MLT improves the resilience of rice seedlings at the biochemical,physiological,and molecular levels,and diminishes the damage caused by Cd stress.

盐碱胁迫下薄皮木苗期生理响应分析

以薄皮木组培苗为试材,采用不同浓度(50、100、150、200、250 mmol·L^(-1))盐碱胁迫,以不加盐碱溶液为对照,测定薄皮木叶片丙二醛(MDA)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)及叶绿素含量的动态变化,研究盐碱胁迫对薄皮木幼苗生理特性的影响,确定薄皮木幼苗耐盐碱能力,以期为其引种栽培提供参考依据。结果表明:随着盐碱胁迫浓度的增加和胁迫时间的延长,丙二醛含量变化呈上升趋势;随着盐碱浓度的增加和胁迫时间的延长,CAT活性均呈先上升后下降趋势;随着盐浓度的增加和胁迫时间的延长,POD活性呈先升后降趋势,盐胁迫峰值为50 mmol·L^(-1),随着碱浓度的增加和胁迫时间的延长,POD活性变化不一致;随着盐碱胁迫浓度的增加和胁迫时间的延长,叶绿素含量呈下降趋势,碱胁迫下,50、100 mmol·L^(-1)与对照无显著差异,说明薄皮木幼苗具有一定的耐盐碱能力。在盐碱浓度50 mmol·L^(-1)时,可以通过自身生理生化变化来保护植株对环境的适应性,在盐碱浓度大于150 mmol·L^(-1)时,薄皮木幼苗会受到伤害,影响植株正常生长过程。

复方中药对热应激条件下肉牛生理指标、生长性能及血清生化指标的影响

试验旨在探讨复方中药对热应激条件下肉牛生理指标、生长性能及血清生化指标的影响。选取体况良好、体重相近的育肥期夏南牛24头,随机分为4组,每组6个重复,每个重复1头牛。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组分别在基础饲粮中添加0.5%、1.0%和1.5%的复方中药。试验期30 d。结果显示:整个试验期间牛舍内环境温湿指数(THI)大于72,牛处于热应激状态。在试验第20、30 d,1.0%组和1.5%组牛的呼吸频率显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。与对照组相比,1.0%组牛的干物质采食量和平均日增重显著升高(P<0.05),0.5%和1.0%组的料重比显著降低(P<0.05);1.0%组的总蛋白(TP)、白蛋白(ALB)、球蛋白(GLB)含量、总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)以及谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性显著升高(P<0.05),尿素氮(BUN)、葡萄糖(GLU)和丙二醛(MDA)的含量显著降低(P<0.05);1.0%和1.5%组的免疫球蛋白G (IgG)和白细胞介素-6 (IL-6)含量显著升高(P<0.05)。研究表明,饲粮中添加复方中药可以改善肉牛的热应激反应,添加量以1.0%效果较好。

配方施肥对铁心杉幼苗生长和生理生化指标的影响

【目的】旨在寻找最适合铁心杉幼苗生长的肥料配比。【方法】采用“3414”试验设计方案,设置14组肥料配比,以每组50盆的1年生铁心杉实生苗为材料,探究不同肥料配比对幼苗生长和生理生化指标的影响。【结果】与不施肥相比,合理施肥的铁心杉幼苗叶片的叶绿素含量最高提高了42.01%,可溶性糖含量最高提高了11.64%,可溶性蛋白含量最高提高了13.81%,游离脯氨酸含量最高提高了211.25%;在N_(2)P_(2)K_(1)的肥料配方下,铁心杉幼苗的苗高、根直径、地上生物量、地下生物量、总生物量及苗木质量指数达到最大值,地径、根表面积和总根长也处于中上水平。【结论】N_(2)P_(2)K_(1)(每盆施1.0 g N、1.0 g P、0.5 g K)是铁心杉幼苗最佳的施肥配方。

大白菜根肿病抗感品种间的侵染过程及生理生化差异分析

根肿病是由芸薹根肿菌专性侵染十字花科蔬菜作物引起的一种世界性土传病害,对大白菜等蔬菜造成了严重的经济损失。以抗根肿病大白菜DH系(DH40R)和感病大白菜DH系(DH199S)为试验材料,通过观察根肿菌侵染的差异、防御酶活性、MDA和可溶性蛋白含量的测定研究大白菜根肿病抗性机制。结果表明,DH40R和DH199S的根毛侵染发生在接种后第2天,随着侵染时间的延长,出现皮层侵染,但DH40R的皮层侵染在接菌第8天后被阻断,对根肿病具有完全的抗性,而DH199S在接菌8 d后,根部有肿瘤产生。在接菌后2、8和13 d,分别对抗、感材料接菌和未接菌根部的防御酶活性、MDA和可溶性蛋白含量进行测定,发现DH40R在这3个时间点接菌后SOD的活性均显著高于未接菌对照组,在第8天达到最高峰值,显著高于DH199S;DH40R接菌后的CAT活性在第8天达到最高峰值1572.68μmol·mL^(-1)·min^(-1),显著高于DH40R未接菌对照组和接菌及未接菌处理的DH199S;在接菌后8和13 d,抗根肿病大白菜DH系DH40R的MDA含量显著低于接菌后的感病DH系DH199S;接菌后DH40R的可溶性蛋白含量在接菌后8和13 d均显著高于DH199S。研究结果可为后期解析大白菜根肿病抗性相关机制的研究奠定基础。

Research Progress of Heat-tolerance of Brassica campestris ssp. Chinensis

Brassica campestris ssp. chinensis, also known as non-heading Chinese cabbage, is an important vegetable widely distributed in southern China. High temperature is the most common adversity factor in vegetable production, because Brassica campestris ssp. chinensis is a thermophilic vegetable, which can＇t well grow at high temperature. In summer and autumn, high temperature stress would prevent Brassica campestris ssp. chinensis from growing and result in poor quality of its seedlings, seriously influencing yield and quality of the vegetable in later period. In this paper, present situation and latest advances in heat resistance research of Brassica campestris ssp. chinensis in recent years were reviewed at home and abroad. The research tendency in Bassica campestris ssp. chinensis was also described, providing reference for breeding of heat-resistant Brassica campestris ssp. chinensis.

尼西鸡血液生理生化指标分析

为了从生理生化特性方面研究尼西鸡的种质特征,试验采用自动血液分析流水线测定了24周龄尼西鸡(雄性10只,雌性8只)的24项血液生理指标,用全自动生化分析仪测定了同周龄尼西鸡(雄性10只,雌性9只)的17项血液生化指标,并与多个不同地方鸡种的数据进行比较分析。结果表明:雄性尼西鸡的嗜酸性粒细胞百分数(EO%)、嗜酸性粒细胞绝对值(EO#)、红细胞计数(RBC)、血红蛋白(HGB)、血细胞比容(HCT)、平均红细胞体积(MCV)、红细胞分布宽度SD(RDW-SD)等7项指标极显著高于雌性尼西鸡(P<0.01),白细胞计数(WBC)和平均血红蛋白含量(MCH)显著高于雌性尼西鸡(P<0.05);而中性粒细胞百分数(NEU%)、淋巴细胞百分数(LYM%)、单核细胞百分数(MONO%)、嗜碱性粒细胞百分数(BASO%)、中性粒细胞绝对值(NEU#)、淋巴细胞绝对值(LYM#)、单核细胞绝对值(MONO#)、嗜碱性粒细胞绝对值(BASO#)、平均血红蛋白浓度(MCHC)、红细胞分布宽度CV(RDW-CV)、血小板计数(PLT)、血小板分布宽度(PDW)、平均血小板体积(MPV)、血小板压积(PCT)和大血小板比率(P-LCR)等15项指标在雌雄尼西鸡间差异不显著(P>0.05)。雄性尼西鸡的丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)活性极显著高于雌性尼西鸡(P<0.01),钙(Ca)和白蛋白(ALB)含量极显著低于雌性尼西鸡(P<0.01),总胆红素(TBIL)显著低于雌性尼西鸡(P<0.05);而葡萄糖(Glu)、尿素(BUN)、肌酐(CREA)、BUN/CREA、总蛋白(TP)、球蛋白(GLO)、白球比(A/G)、天冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、总胆固醇(TC)、淀粉酶(AMY)和磷(P)等12项指标在雌雄尼西鸡间差异不显著(P>0.05)。与其他地方鸡种比较,雄性尼西鸡的红细胞和白细胞最高,白蛋白最低,耗氧量大,免疫力和抗病力更强;雌性尼西鸡的平均红细胞体积和总胆红素最低,蛋白质合成代谢能力旺盛。说明尼西鸡能很好地适应高海拔低温缺氧环境。

五品系尼罗罗非鱼对自然慢性低温胁迫的生理响应

为筛选出耐低温性能较好的尼罗罗非鱼(Oreochromis niloticus)品系,本研究以尼罗罗非鱼埃及品系(NE品系)、埃及尼罗抗逆品系(NER品系)、湘湖品系(NX品系)、新吉富(NNG品系)和吉富品系(NG品系)为研究对象,采用从最适生长温度28℃自然降温到死亡临界温度11℃的方法,分别测定它们在两个温度条件下血液生化和酶类指标的变化;当水温降到11℃后,连续观察一周,统计每种尼罗罗非鱼的存活率,绘制Kaplan-Meier曲线,比较5个品系尼罗罗非鱼的耐寒性能差异。结果显示,NER品系的存活率最高;NX品系和NER品系葡萄糖水平极显著升高,NER品系和NG品系总蛋白水平极显著降低,而白蛋白/球蛋白的值均没有显著性变化;超氧化物歧化酶、溶菌酶及乳酸脱氢酶活性均显著或极显著升高,但NER品系的乳酸脱氢酶活性升高程度最低;同时NX品系、NG品系、NE品系和NG品系的丙氨酸氨基转移酶和天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶水平均极显著增高,但NER品系的丙氨酸氨基转移酶水平没有显著性变化,其天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶水平只是显著增高。上述结果表明5个品系尼罗罗非鱼能一定程度抵御低温对机体带来的损伤,适应慢性自然降温,但NER品系存活率最高,肝功能和肌肉受损程度相对最小,在5个品系尼罗罗非鱼中耐寒性能最强。

四倍体海稻86的诱导、鉴定及其耐盐碱特性评价分析

多倍体化是植物进化的重要趋势之一。与二倍体植物相比,多倍体植物往往具有更强的抗耐性。海稻86是具有强耐盐碱能力的水稻种质资源,在盐碱地开发应用和粮食增产研究中具有重要利用价值。为充分利用多倍体植物抗逆性增强的优势,选育耐盐碱能力更强的四倍体水稻新品种,本研究以海稻86为基础,对其进行离体染色体加倍获得海稻86同源四倍体;以海稻86-4x和海稻86-2x发芽期和幼苗期NaCl、Na_(2)CO_(3)和PEG-6000胁迫处理的表型指标及生理生化指标鉴定,检测两者的耐盐碱特性及差异。结果表明:(1)通过离体染色体加倍可高效诱导获得四倍体植株,加倍率达27.63%。(2)与海稻86-2x相比,海稻86-4x的细胞核DNA含量及根尖染色体数目增加一倍;形态及农艺性状发生明显变化,如植株变矮、茎秆变粗、单株有效穗数减少、籽粒及千粒重增大、每穗总粒数及每穗实粒数减少、结实率降低等。(3)在发芽期,海稻86-4x的发芽势、发芽率、芽长、根长、根数、含水量最高,海稻86-2x次之,对照黄华占最低;海稻86-4x的盐碱害率最小、盐碱害等级最低,海稻86-2x次之,对照黄华占的盐碱害率最大、盐碱害等级最高。(4)在幼苗期,海稻86-4x的脯氨酸和叶绿素含量最高、丙二醛含量和相对电导率最低,超氧化物歧化酶和过氧化物酶活性最高,海稻86-2x次之,而对照黄华占的脯氨酸和叶绿素含量最低、丙二醛含量和相对电导率最高、超氧化物歧化酶和过氧化物酶活性最低。综上可知,与海稻86-2x相比,海稻86-4x在表型指标和生理生化指标上均表现出明显的耐盐碱性优势,具有更强的耐盐碱能力。该研究结果为深入解析海稻86的耐盐碱机制奠定基础,也为耐盐碱四倍体水稻新品种的选育提供了材料基础和理论依据。