Background: The Walter Reed Army Institute of Research(WRAIR) Operational Research Kit-Actigraphy(WORK-A) is a set of unique practice parameters and actigraphy-derived measures for the analysis of operational military...Background: The Walter Reed Army Institute of Research(WRAIR) Operational Research Kit-Actigraphy(WORK-A) is a set of unique practice parameters and actigraphy-derived measures for the analysis of operational military sleep patterns. The WORK-A draws on best practices from the literature and comprises 15 additional descriptive variables. Here, we demonstrate the WORK-A with a sample of United States Army Reserve Officers’ Training Corps(ROTC) cadets(n=286) during a month-long capstone pre-commissioning training exercise.Methods: The sleep of ROTC cadets(n=286) was measured by Philips Actiwatch devices during the 31-day training exercise. The preliminary effectiveness of the WORK-A was tested by comparing differences in sleep measures collected by Actiwatches as calculated by Philips Actiware software against WORK-A-determined sleep measures and self-report sleep collected from a subset of ROTC cadets(n=140).Results: Actiware sleep summary statistics were significantly different from WORK-A measures and self-report sleep(P≤0.001). Bedtimes and waketimes as determined by WORK-A major sleep intervals showed the best agreement with self-report bedtime(22:21±1:30 vs. 22:13±0:40, P=0.21) and waketime(04:30±2:17 vs. 04:31±0:47, P=0.68). Though still significantly different, the discrepancy was smaller between the WORK-A measure of time in bed(TIB) for major sleep intervals(352±29) min and self-report nightly sleep duration [(337±57) min, P=0.006] than that between the WORK-A major TIB and Actiware TIB [(177±42) min, P≤0.001].Conclusions: Default actigraphy methods are not the most accurate methods for characterizing soldier sleep, but reliable methods for characterizing operational sleep patterns is a necessary first step in developing strategies to improve soldier readiness. The WORK-A addresses this knowledge gap by providing practice parameters and a robust variety of measures with which to profile sleep behavior in service members.展开更多
This paper presents an experimental study including visualization on a flat plate closed loop pulsating heat pipes.It consists of a total of 40 channels with square cross section(2 mm×2 mm,165 mm long) machined d...This paper presents an experimental study including visualization on a flat plate closed loop pulsating heat pipes.It consists of a total of 40 channels with square cross section(2 mm×2 mm,165 mm long) machined directly on an aluminum plate(180 mm×120 mm×3 mm) covered by a transparent plate.The working fluid employed is ethanol.As a result,various flow patterns and their transitions are observed and found to be related to the fluid fill ratio,input heat load and the device orientation.Also the operational characteristics and working mechanism are discussed.展开更多
In this paper, we conduct research on the database technology under the basic operation of the IOT huge amounts of data. Spatial data service is the process of basic customer application system service request, direct...In this paper, we conduct research on the database technology under the basic operation of the IOT huge amounts of data. Spatial data service is the process of basic customer application system service request, directory service system according to the request is mapped into physical addresses, according to the data block physical disk server address block of data read from the disk in parallel and sent to the client the process of application system. In addition, spatial data distribution system should possess unloading, transfer, replication, and optimization of spatial data, and other functions, to achieve comprehensive management and maintenance of spatial data. Under this basis, we propose the enhanced database technology that optimizes the operation with better performance.展开更多
An artificial intelligence technique was applied to the optimization of flux adding systems and air blasting systems, the display of on line parameters, forecasting of mass and compositions of slag in the slagging per...An artificial intelligence technique was applied to the optimization of flux adding systems and air blasting systems, the display of on line parameters, forecasting of mass and compositions of slag in the slagging period, optimization of cold material adding systems and air blasting systems, the display of on line parameters, and the forecasting of copper mass in the copper blow period in copper smelting converters. They were integrated to build the Intelligent Decision Support System of the Operation Optimization of Copper Smelting Converter(IDSSOOCSC), which is self learning and self adaptating. Development steps, monoblock structure and basic functions of the IDSSOOCSC were introduced. After it was applied in a copper smelting converter, every production quota was clearly improved after IDSSOOCSC had been run for 4 months. Blister copper productivity is increased by 6%, processing load of cold input is increased by 8% and average converter life span is improved from 213 to 235 furnace times.展开更多
This paper aims to introduce the novel concept of the bipolar picture fuzzy set(BPFS)as a hybrid structure of bipolar fuzzy set(BFS)and picture fuzzy set(PFS).BPFS is a new kind of fuzzy sets to deal with bipolarity(b...This paper aims to introduce the novel concept of the bipolar picture fuzzy set(BPFS)as a hybrid structure of bipolar fuzzy set(BFS)and picture fuzzy set(PFS).BPFS is a new kind of fuzzy sets to deal with bipolarity(both positive and negative aspects)to each membership degree(belonging-ness),neutral membership(not decided),and non-membership degree(refusal).In this article,some basic properties of bipolar picture fuzzy sets(BPFSs)and their fundamental operations are introduced.The score function,accuracy function and certainty function are suggested to discuss the comparability of bipolar picture fuzzy numbers(BPFNs).Additionally,the concept of new distance measures of BPFSs is presented to discuss geometrical properties of BPFSs.In the context of BPFSs,certain aggregation operators(AOs)named as“bipolar picture fuzzy weighted geometric(BPFWG)operator,bipolar picture fuzzy ordered weighted geometric(BPFOWG)operator and bipolar picture fuzzy hybrid geometric(BPFHG)operator”are defined for information aggregation of BPFNs.Based on the proposed AOs,a new multicriteria decision-making(MCDM)approach is proposed to address uncertain real-life situations.Finally,a practical application of proposed methodology is also illustrated to discuss its feasibility and applicability.展开更多
基金The Department of Defense Military Operational Medicine Research Program (MOMRP) supported this study。
文摘Background: The Walter Reed Army Institute of Research(WRAIR) Operational Research Kit-Actigraphy(WORK-A) is a set of unique practice parameters and actigraphy-derived measures for the analysis of operational military sleep patterns. The WORK-A draws on best practices from the literature and comprises 15 additional descriptive variables. Here, we demonstrate the WORK-A with a sample of United States Army Reserve Officers’ Training Corps(ROTC) cadets(n=286) during a month-long capstone pre-commissioning training exercise.Methods: The sleep of ROTC cadets(n=286) was measured by Philips Actiwatch devices during the 31-day training exercise. The preliminary effectiveness of the WORK-A was tested by comparing differences in sleep measures collected by Actiwatches as calculated by Philips Actiware software against WORK-A-determined sleep measures and self-report sleep collected from a subset of ROTC cadets(n=140).Results: Actiware sleep summary statistics were significantly different from WORK-A measures and self-report sleep(P≤0.001). Bedtimes and waketimes as determined by WORK-A major sleep intervals showed the best agreement with self-report bedtime(22:21±1:30 vs. 22:13±0:40, P=0.21) and waketime(04:30±2:17 vs. 04:31±0:47, P=0.68). Though still significantly different, the discrepancy was smaller between the WORK-A measure of time in bed(TIB) for major sleep intervals(352±29) min and self-report nightly sleep duration [(337±57) min, P=0.006] than that between the WORK-A major TIB and Actiware TIB [(177±42) min, P≤0.001].Conclusions: Default actigraphy methods are not the most accurate methods for characterizing soldier sleep, but reliable methods for characterizing operational sleep patterns is a necessary first step in developing strategies to improve soldier readiness. The WORK-A addresses this knowledge gap by providing practice parameters and a robust variety of measures with which to profile sleep behavior in service members.
基金the Ger man National Science Foundation (GR-412/33-2)Shanghai Leading Academic Discipline Project (No.B604)
文摘This paper presents an experimental study including visualization on a flat plate closed loop pulsating heat pipes.It consists of a total of 40 channels with square cross section(2 mm×2 mm,165 mm long) machined directly on an aluminum plate(180 mm×120 mm×3 mm) covered by a transparent plate.The working fluid employed is ethanol.As a result,various flow patterns and their transitions are observed and found to be related to the fluid fill ratio,input heat load and the device orientation.Also the operational characteristics and working mechanism are discussed.
文摘In this paper, we conduct research on the database technology under the basic operation of the IOT huge amounts of data. Spatial data service is the process of basic customer application system service request, directory service system according to the request is mapped into physical addresses, according to the data block physical disk server address block of data read from the disk in parallel and sent to the client the process of application system. In addition, spatial data distribution system should possess unloading, transfer, replication, and optimization of spatial data, and other functions, to achieve comprehensive management and maintenance of spatial data. Under this basis, we propose the enhanced database technology that optimizes the operation with better performance.
文摘An artificial intelligence technique was applied to the optimization of flux adding systems and air blasting systems, the display of on line parameters, forecasting of mass and compositions of slag in the slagging period, optimization of cold material adding systems and air blasting systems, the display of on line parameters, and the forecasting of copper mass in the copper blow period in copper smelting converters. They were integrated to build the Intelligent Decision Support System of the Operation Optimization of Copper Smelting Converter(IDSSOOCSC), which is self learning and self adaptating. Development steps, monoblock structure and basic functions of the IDSSOOCSC were introduced. After it was applied in a copper smelting converter, every production quota was clearly improved after IDSSOOCSC had been run for 4 months. Blister copper productivity is increased by 6%, processing load of cold input is increased by 8% and average converter life span is improved from 213 to 235 furnace times.
文摘This paper aims to introduce the novel concept of the bipolar picture fuzzy set(BPFS)as a hybrid structure of bipolar fuzzy set(BFS)and picture fuzzy set(PFS).BPFS is a new kind of fuzzy sets to deal with bipolarity(both positive and negative aspects)to each membership degree(belonging-ness),neutral membership(not decided),and non-membership degree(refusal).In this article,some basic properties of bipolar picture fuzzy sets(BPFSs)and their fundamental operations are introduced.The score function,accuracy function and certainty function are suggested to discuss the comparability of bipolar picture fuzzy numbers(BPFNs).Additionally,the concept of new distance measures of BPFSs is presented to discuss geometrical properties of BPFSs.In the context of BPFSs,certain aggregation operators(AOs)named as“bipolar picture fuzzy weighted geometric(BPFWG)operator,bipolar picture fuzzy ordered weighted geometric(BPFOWG)operator and bipolar picture fuzzy hybrid geometric(BPFHG)operator”are defined for information aggregation of BPFNs.Based on the proposed AOs,a new multicriteria decision-making(MCDM)approach is proposed to address uncertain real-life situations.Finally,a practical application of proposed methodology is also illustrated to discuss its feasibility and applicability.
