Empowering the Future: Exploring the Construction and Characteristics of Lithium-Ion Batteries

Lithium element has attracted remarkable attraction for energy storage devices, over the past 30 years. Lithium is a light element and exhibits the low atomic number 3, just after hydrogen and helium in the periodic table. The lithium atom has a strong tendency to release one electron and constitute a positive charge, as Li . Initially, lithium metal was employed as a negative electrode, which released electrons. However, it was observed that its structure changed after the repetition of charge-discharge cycles. To remedy this, the cathode mainly consisted of layer metal oxide and olive, e.g., cobalt oxide, LiFePO4, etc., along with some contents of lithium, while the anode was assembled by graphite and silicon, etc. Moreover, the electrolyte was prepared using the lithium salt in a suitable solvent to attain a greater concentration of lithium ions. Owing to the lithium ions’ role, the battery’s name was mentioned as a lithium-ion battery. Herein, the presented work describes the working and operational mechanism of the lithium-ion battery. Further, the lithium-ion batteries’ general view and future prospects have also been elaborated.

Geometrical characteristic investigation of the Baihetan irregular columnar jointed basalt and corresponding numerical reconstruction method

Columnar jointed rock mass with unique geometric and geological properties is one spectacular example of geometrical order in nature.Columnar joints are generally accepted to be formed by spatially uniform volume contraction during cooling.In this paper,substantial field work was performed to study the geological characteristics of irregular columnar jointed basalt on the left bank dam foundation in the Baihetan Hydropower Station,where the columnar jointed rock mass is extensively exposed due to excavation.The quantitative measurements of the sizing of polygonal crack pattern of columnar joints and assessment of their degree of irregularity were summarized.Considering the irregularity of polygonal crack pattern,a modified Voronoi polygon(MVP)method was developed to model the special polygonal crack pattern of columnar joints.The new polygonal pattern obtained by the MVP method consists of a large number of irregular polygons,of which the degree of irregularity is consistent with the field measurement results.This method can reproduce the rapid evolution from an initial ideal regular hexagonal pattern to a final actual irregular polygonal pattern as the degree of irregularity increases.The compression tests of columnar jointed rock mass with different irregularity show that the geometric irregularity has a great influence on its mechanical properties.This numerical construction method provides a reliable way to reconstruct columnar joint structure with specific polygonal crack pattern,which is consistent with onsite columnar jointed basalt.

Study on the Construction Path of Characteristic Small Cities and Towns from the Perspective of Supply-side Reform——Taking Zushan Town as an Example

Characteristic small cities and towns are the new vehicle for advancing new urbanization construction and supply-side reform.Zushan characteristic towns focus on tourism vacation,ecological livability,integration of production and cities,cultural heritage,poverty alleviation and other functions,and focus on building a new type of"product,city,and people"trinity,is a new benchmark for industrial transformation and upgrading.This article uses field surveys,interviews,and other methods to investigate the status quo of the construction of small towns with Zushan characteristics.Based on this,SWOT analysis of small towns is carried out,and the disadvantages and threats to its development are determined from the nature of towns and cities,infrastructure construction,and townships.Five suggestions were made for the construction of capital,the cultivation of special industries,and the detennination of the main body of urban construction.

Discussion on the Problems and Path of Characteristic Town Construction in Underdeveloped, Resource-Based Cities: A Case Study of Ganzhou City

Characteristic towns as a characteristic industry are one of the important measures of China's new urbanization strategy. The construction of characteristic towns in different regions needs to pay attention to regional differentiation. At present, the research on characteristic towns focuses on the developed the developed central and eastern regions. There are still few studies on characteristics towns in underdeveloped areas. Starting from the analysis of the concept of the characteristic town, this paper sorted out the general situation of the construction of characteristic towns in China based on the existing research literature, selected Ganzhou City for research, pointed out there were "two restrictions and two singles" in the construction of characteristic towns in Ganzhou City, and clarified that the characteristic towns of Ganzhou City should adhere to the construction path of "two characteristics and two integrations", with a view to providing a useful reference for in Ganzhou City the construction of characteristic towns, industrial transformation and upgrading, and poverty alleviation in such underdeveloped, resource-based cities.

Construction of GPS MonitoringNetwork,Characteristics of RecentCrustal Movement,and Relationbetween Stress Field andEarthquake Activity in the NingxiaRegion

GPS observation network is deployed in the central part of Ningxia, which is the juncture of the Alxa block, Ordos block and Qinghai-Xizang (Tibet) block. Using the data of five phases of repeated survey sine 1996, the current state of crustal movement in the central part of Ningxia is analyzed. From the result, we can know the following. (1) In the period from Dec. 1996 to May 1999, the central part of Ningxia had the phenomenon of left-lateral movement about the west margin of Ordos (measuring station P2) and the Lingwu fault on the east of the Yinchuan basin displayed the mode of left-lateral reverse strike slip movement. In that region, the direction of the principal stress field was NNE-SSW (with an azimuth of 29.8?; the central part to the south of the measuring station P2 displaced eastward; the vertical deformation was obviously greater than the horizontal deformation in order of magnitude; the Yinchuan basin and Qinghai-Xizang (Tibet) block were in a state of rising; the measuring station P1 in the hinterland of Ordos showed a trend of subsiding year by year; and there may be a hidden fault to exist between the measuring points P3 and P4. (2) About one year before the occurrence of moderately strong earthquakes in the vicinity of the measuring region, deformation anomalies and abnormal changes of principal stress direction can be observed by the GPS measuring stations in that region; before moderately strong earthquakes near the measuring region and before strong earthquakes in adjacent regions, the simulated GPS deformation vector field ofthat region can betoken the approximate position of the coming earthquake. These results can be regarded as the eigenvalues of earthquake prediction for consideration.

The Form Characteristics and Construction of the Public Space of the Oasis Traditional Settlements in Turpan

Based on the analysis of the form characteristics and construction of the public space of oasis traditional settlements in Turpan,and from the analysis and summary of the types,elements,scales and functions of the public space of the traditional settlements,this study put forward that the public space of the oasis villages can be divided into point space,line space and plane space,and the formation and evolution rules of the public space of oasis traditional settlements in Turpan were obtained.Explore the role of public space in the construction of traditional settlements’ overall space,so as to provide reference for the development and renewal of public space of the current similar oasis settlements.

Distribution of Value-added Income of Collective Construction Land Entering the Market Based on the Subject Input Contribution and TOPSIS

In order to promote the revitalization and development of rural areas and protect the property rights of farmers,it is necessary to explore the reasonable distribution ratio of land value-added income in collective operating construction land.Under the existing land value-added income distribution model,the land value-added income obtained by the government is much greater than that of village collectives,and it is difficult for village collectives and farmers to enjoy greater benefits.This distribution model is not conducive to protecting the property rights of farmers.The results show that there was a positive correlation between land value-added income and land level,that is,the higher the land level was,the higher the value-added income and its ratio to the market transaction price were.According to calculation,the reasonable distribution ratio of the value-added income of collective operating construction land entering the market among the government,village collectives and farmers was 28.6%,51.1%,and 20.3%respectively.The actual land value-added income obtained by farmers was greatly improved compared with the current situation.In actual operation,this distribution mode has universal applicability.The reform of entering the market in the future also needs to raise the standards for entering the market,explore diversified interest protection channels,and strengthen the construction of rural collective management system.

Reflection and reconstruction： The evaluation system of the construction of the national characteristic specialty in China

In this paper, the author reflects the evaluation and appraisal systems for the construction of the characteristic specialty. Guided by the selection of the contents and the path of the construction of the characteristic specialty, from the dimension of reviewing the problems existing in the construction, with the defects of the deliberative evaluation index as the power of the correction, on the foundation of distinguishing the necessity of the construction of the evaluation, the author u＇eats the construction and the innovation as the connotation of the evaluating indexes, refers to the data for the professional evaluation as the reference model, and reconstructs the evaluation systems of the construction of the characteristic specialty.

Reflection and reconstruction： The evaluation system of the construction of the national characteristic specialty in China

In this paper, the author reflects the evaluation and appraisal systems for the construction of the characteristic specialty. Guided by the selection of the contents and the path of the construction of the characteristic specialty, from the dimension of reviewing the problems existing in the construction, with the defects of the deliberative evaluation index as the power of the correction, on the foundation of distinguishing the necessity of the construction of the evaluation, the author treats the construction and the innovation as the connotation of the evaluating indexes, refers to the data for the professional evaluation as the reference model, and reconstructs the evaluation systems of the construction of the characteristic specialty.

Construction of a model of autologous blood intracerebral hemorrhage in rats with a double injection and double needle withdrawal and the characteristics of the operative technique

BACKGROUND ： Experimental animal models of intracerebral hemorrhag （ICH） are greatly needed, so the process of establishment should be ideal in hematoma formation and easy to operate. OBJECTIVE ： To construct model of ICH in rats with double injection of autologous blood taken from the cut tail cut and double withdrawal of the needle （shortened as two-step injection model）, and compare with those induced by single and double injections. DESIGN ： A randomized controlled tria SETTING： Department of Neurology, General Hospital of Military Area Command of Chinese PLA. MATERIALS： Thirty male Wistar rats of 10 to 12 months, weighing （400±25） g, provided by the Experimental Center of Medical Animals, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command of Chinese PLA, were divided randomly into 3 groups with 10 rats in each group： two-step injection group, single injection group, double injection group. METHODS ： The experiment was carried out in the Department of Neurology, General Hospital of Military Area Command of Chinese PLA from March to June in 2004. Autologous blood ICH model in rats were established as follows： In the two-step injection group, 50 μL unclotted autologous blood was taken from the rat tail cut, then injected with microsyringe into the caudate nucleus, 10 μL injected at first, paused for 2 minutes, and then the rest 40 μL injected slowly and continuously within 2 minutes. After the injection, the needle was kept immovable for about 4 minutes, withdrawn 2.0 mm, again kept immovable for about 4 minute, and then removed wholly at a slow speed. In the single injection group, 50 μL unclotted tail blood was injected slowly and continuously all within 2 minutes and the needle was slowly removed;（4） In the double injection group, 10 mL blood was injected at first, paused for 2 minutes, the rest 40 μL injected evenly within 2 minutes, and then the needle was withdrawn slowly and uninterruptedly. Neurologic findings were scored in accordance with Longa＇s five-point scale （0-4 scores, the higher the score, the severer the neurological dysfunction）. The rats were killed to remove and sections were prepared, the morphological features of hematomas were grossly observed, the maximal diameter and size of hematomas in each slice were measured with the imaging analytical system, and the volume was calculated. Meanwhile, the conveniences of the techniques were compared. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： The morphological features and volume of hematomas, neurologic deficit score （NDS）, and the convenience of the techniques were compared. RESULTS： All the 30 rats were involved in the analysis of results without deletion. （1） Results of the morphological observation of volume of hematoma： In the two-step injection group, hematomas located in the right caudate nucleus area regularly in circular or analogously circular shape in each slice. The formation rate of hematomas in the single injection group and double injection group were lower than those in the two-step injection group [60% （6/10）, 80% （8/10）, 100% （10/10）, P〈 0.01, 0.05]. The volume of hematomas in the single injection group and double injection group were smaller than those in the two-step injection group [（28.5±14.8）, （33.4±7.4）, （41.6±3.9） mm3, P〈 0.01, 0.05]. （2） NDS results： The NDS scores in the single injection group and double injection group were smaller than that in the two-step injection group （0.90±0.83, 1.30±0.78, 1.90±0.57, P〈 0.05）. （3）Comparison of the convenience of the techniques： The double injection method allowed generating reproducible hematomas in rats with shortcomings that it needed autologous arterial blood from femoral artery, and precision instruments such as microinfusion pump. The two-step injection injected fresh unclotting blood taken directly from the tail cut with microsyringe into the rat brain, and it has the advantages of easy operation, no influence on the activity of thrombase, shorter duration for model establishment, and higher rate of hematoma formation, which could generate ideal and economical models of ICH. The two-step injection induced hemotoma regularly in circular or analogously circular shape in each slice, but those induced by single and double injections were mostly in strip or fusiform shapes and extending along the needle tracks or into the ventricle or subarachnoid space. CONCLUSION ： The autologous blood ICH model induced by the two-step injection method is a reproducible and reliable one in regular shape, which is better than those induced by double and single injections.

Construction controlling and strength increasing characteristics of locally developed epoxy asphalt mixture

The construction controlling elements,including construction performance at low ambient temperatures,reserved time ranges,and the strength increasing rule,for locally developed epoxy asphalt mixture（LDEAM） are studied through laboratory tests.Air void and Marshall stability are chosen as the performance measures for evaluating the construction quality.The wheel rolling test is used to simulate the actual construction situations,while the Marshall test and the Brookfield viscosity test are adopted to study the strength increasing rule.The experimental results reveal that the LDEAM can be constructed under a low ambient temperature condition of 10℃,and its longest reserved time is 70 min at a reserved temperature of 120℃.Test also shows that the strength of the LDEAM increases with time and temperature before cured.Finally,the theoretical reason for the strength increasing rule is analyzed on the basis of the organic chemistry theory.

Population Construction and Super-high Yield Characteristics of Japonica Super Rice in Cold Regions

[Objective] This study was conducted to construct a super-high yield population of Japnica rice in cold regions of North China and to explore its characteristics. [Method] The super rice variety Longjing 21 was selected as the experimental material. Different row spacing（two levels）, plant spacing（three levels） and seedling number per hill（three levels） were designed in field trials. Then, the growth stages,dry matter accumulation, leaf area, yield and yield components of these different treatments were measured. [Result] Rice yield had significantly negative correlation with plant spacing and row spacing, but no significant correlation with seedling number per hill. Rice yield was mainly affected by plant spacing, and less affected by seedling number per hill. The best recommended specifications for plant spacing of super rice variety Longjing 21 were 24 cm for row spacing, 12 cm for plant spacing and five seedlings per hill, and the expected yield was 10 473.0 kg/hm^2.The increased number of total spikelets（4.5×108hm2or more） in populations was the major reason for high yield. Super-high yield populations had fewer tillers at the early growth stage and achieved the expected number of productive tillers at critical leaf-age（June 25）, and tiller number peaked at jointing stage（July 6） and was about 1.2 times of the expected number. The percentage of productive tillers in total tillers of super-high yield population was more than 85% at heading stage. At middle growth stage（from jointing to heading stage）, the dry matter accumulation, leaf area index（LAI） at heading stage, effective leaf area, spikelet number of population,spikelet number per leaf area unit（cm2）, and culm-sheath weight per stem of super-high yield population were significantly higher than those of other populations.At late growth stage（from heading to maturity stage）, the leaf area decreasing rate of super-high yield population was significantly smaller than that of other populations. At late growth stage（from heading to maturity stage）, the leaf area decreasing rate, crop growth rate, net assimilation rate, biomass accumulation, number of filled grains per leaf area unit（cm^2） and grain weight per leaf area unit（cm^2） of high-yield population were significantly higher than those of other populations. Output and translocation of dry matter（weight per stem and sheath and total filling rate at maturity） from heading to milky stage of super-high yield population were significantly higher than those of other populations. [Conclusion] The characteristics of superhigh yield rice in cold region of North China are enriching the amount of actual filling of sink through improving photosynthetic efficiency from heading to maturity stage on the basis of enough panicle numbers.

On Deng Xiaoping＇s important contribution to the construction of socialist economic system with Chinese characteristics

Deng Xiaoping is the founder of the theory of socialism with Chinese characteristics,and made important contributions to the construction of the system.Among them,his theoretical achievements and practical exploration of the economic system construction had played an important role in the formation of the socialist system with Chinese characteristics.

Mechanical properties and damage evolution characteristics of waste tire steel fiber-modified cemented paste backfill

During the process of constructional backfill mining,the cemented paste backfill(CPB)typically exhibits a high degree of brittleness and limited resistance to failure.In this study,the mechanical and damage evolution characteristics of waste tire steel fiber(WTSF)-modified CPB were studied through uniaxial compression tests,acoustic emission(AE)tests,and scanning electron microscopy(SEM).The results showed that the uniaxial compressive strength(UCS)decreased when the WTSF content was 0.5%,1%,and 1.5%.When the WTSF content reached 1%,the UCS of the modified CPB exhibited a minimal decrease(0.37 MPa)compared to that without WTSF.When the WTSF content was 0.5%,1%,and 1.5%,peak strain of the WTSF-modified CPB increased by 18%,31.33%,and 81.33%,while the elastic modulus decreased by 21.31%,26.21%,and 45.42%,respectively.The addition of WTSF enhances the activity of AE events in the modified CPB,resulting in a slower progression of the entire failure process.After the failure,the modified CPB retained a certain level of load-bearing capacity.Generally,the failure of the CPB was dominated by tensile cracks.After the addition of WTSF,a gradual increase in the proportion of tensile cracks was observed upon loading the modified CPB sample to the pore compaction stage.The three-dimensional localization of AE events showed that the WTSF-modified CPB underwent progressive damage during the loading,and the samples still showed good integrity after failure.Additionally,the response relationship between energy evolution and damage development of WTSF-modified CPB during uniaxial compression was analyzed,and the damage constitutive model of CPB samples with different WTSF contents was constructed.This study provides a theoretical basis for the enhancement of CPB modified by adding WTSF,serving as a valuable reference for the design of CPB constructional backfill.

Characteristics and Construction Technology Analysis of Static Pressure Prestressed Pipe Piles in Construction Engineering

The development of urbanization has led to an increase in the number and scale of construction projects and the types of building construction engineering are getting advance and diverse due to the rapid development of technology.One of them is the static pressure prestressed pipe pile which is the most commonly used technology in modern building construction work.It is mainly used for pile foundation in construction work,and it has the advantages in less pollution,low noise,and high efficiency compared to the traditional pile foundation.Study on the characteristics of static pressure prestressed pipe pile must be carried out and strengthened the research to increase the effectiveness and quality of static pressure prestressed pipe pile on construction works.This paper is mainly to analyzed the characteristic and construction technology of static pressure prestressed pipe piles on building construction work.

Temporal-spatial Characteristics of the Urbanization of Rural Land in Xinjiang

Relying on remote sensor technology, GIS and Land--sat TM digital images,the authors use spatial and statistical analysis to examine the temporal-spatial characteristics of the change caused by urban construction in Xinjiang’s rural areas from the end of the 1980s to the end of the 1990s. The primary findings show the following: 1) The urban construction in rural areas has increased drastically. The expansion speed of urban land use has accelerated over the past decade. The sub-land use changes caused by the urbanization of rural are characterized by salient regional differentiation among the three main regions and among the 85 counties of Xinjiang. 2) The shift of land use is mostly characterized by cultivated land and grassland being used for urban and industrial projects. Moreover, this change of land use is characteristic of regional differences. 3) Factors of rural-urban construction land use changes in Xinjiang, are undoubtedly affected by natural environment, social, economic conditions, and to a larger degree by population growth, GDP development and industrial development..

Influence of Aggregate Grain Size on the Formulation of Sand Concrete in the Construction Industry in Congo

The main objective of this study is to contribute to the optimization of the formulation of sand concretes and its valorisation according to natural sands from different quarries or extraction sites. Physical characteristics of natural sands have been determined and improved by the addition of crushing sand, taking into account the too fine elements of the sand. Four types of sand were used (Congo River, Djiri, Mfilou, crushed sand). The concrete formulations proposed from improved sands (30% crushed sand and 70% natural sand) reveal an increase in mechanical strength. Thus, it appeared that this improvement of the natural fine sands by the crushing sand has brought a clear increase in the maneuverability of the concretes and the physico-mechanical characteristics of nearly 50%, although this crushing sand has a sand equivalent value of less than 70%. These results augur well for the durability of structures in the construction industry in Congo.

The Character Construction of American TV Series and Its Enlightenment to Domestic TV——Taking the“Better Call Saul”as an Example

“Better Call Saul”is an excellent American television series.As a spin-off of“Breaking Bad”,it continues its excellent character design and intriguing plot development,giving audiences around the world a treat to talk about.However,while“Breaking Bad”has a huge audience and the film and television industry has done a lot of research on it,“Better Call Saul”has not been studied in domestic academic circles.This paper takes several main characters of the play as the research object,analyzes how their characters are designed,and how they complement each other with the dramatic conflict of the plot,so as to explore a new angle of character design.Through the study of the characters in this American drama,this paper can provide a reference for the Chinese film and television industry.The results show that Chinese TV dramas can learn from this American drama to improve the depth of character design and avoid designing stereotyped and labeled characters.This may ultimately improve their artistic literacy and bring more excellent works to Chinese audiences.

Characterization of Earthen Construction in South-Eastern Morocco

The characteristic architecture in the oases of south-eastern Morocco is that of raw earth construction.This is done through two techniques:rammed earth and adobe.This work is carried out with the aim of preserving this ancestral know-how by studying a construction dating back two centuries.The first step is to characterize a soil extracted from the remains of an old building,the grain size and plasticity of the soil showed that it was not very clayey and moderately plastic and that it was suitable for earth construction.Secondly,the study focuses on the mechanical resistance of blocks extracted from the remains studied,the result obtained satisfies all the standards.In order to characterize the durability of the adobe,we made samples of the earthen bricks with a similar soil and the study showed good durability of the adobe construction,the raw earth is a material that can stand in time.And finally,the reusability of the earth material from old buildings has been studied,the results have shown that raw earth is a perfectly reusable material,which makes it the ideal ecological material.