Christianity, by far the most influential religion in the west, touches every phase of man's life so much so that it has shaped the western civilization more decisively and become the blood of western culture. Wil...Christianity, by far the most influential religion in the west, touches every phase of man's life so much so that it has shaped the western civilization more decisively and become the blood of western culture. William Shakespeare is the greatest humanist, but he is also a Christian rooted in western culture, so it is observed that Shakespeare's thinking pattern and writing were influenced by Christianity. The paper, taking the Merchant of Venice as an example, analyzed Biblical references in Shakespeare's thinking pattern, Christianity and Shakespeare's idealistic character.展开更多
The purpose of this paper is to propose a new multi stage algorithm for the recognition of isolated characters. It was similar work done before using only the center of gravity (This paper is extended version of “A f...The purpose of this paper is to propose a new multi stage algorithm for the recognition of isolated characters. It was similar work done before using only the center of gravity (This paper is extended version of “A fast recognition system for isolated printed characters using center of gravity”, LAP LAMBERT Academic Publishing 2011, ISBN: 978-38465-0002-6), but here we add using principal axis in order to make the algorithm rotation invariant. In my previous work which is published in LAP LAMBERT, I face a big problem that when the character is rotated I can’t recognize the character. So this adds constrain on the document to be well oriented but here I use the principal axis in order to unify the orientation of the character set and the characters in the scanned document. The algorithm can be applied for any isolated character such as Latin, Chinese, Japanese, and Arabic characters but it has been applied in this paper for Arabic characters. The approach uses normalized and isolated characters of the same size and extracts an image signature based on the center of gravity of the character after making the character principal axis vertical, and then the system compares these values to a set of signatures for typical characters of the set. The system then provides the closeness of match to all other characters in the set.展开更多
In this paper we revise the moment theory for pattern recognition designed, to extract patterns from the noisy character datas, and develop unconstrained handwritten. Amazigh character recognition method based upon or...In this paper we revise the moment theory for pattern recognition designed, to extract patterns from the noisy character datas, and develop unconstrained handwritten. Amazigh character recognition method based upon orthogonal moments and neural networks classifier. We argue that, given the natural flexibility of neural network models and the extent of parallel processing that they allow, our algorithm is a step forward in character recognition. More importantly, following the approach proposed, we apply our system to two different databases, to examine the ability to recognize patterns under noise. We discover overwhelming support for different style of writing. Moreover, this basic conclusion appears to remain valid across different levels of smoothing and insensitive to the nuances of character patterns. Experiments tested the effect of set size on recognition accuracy which can reach 97.46%. The novelty of the proposed method is independence of size, slant, orientation, and translation. The performance of the proposed method is experimentally evaluated and the promising results and findings are presented. Our method is compared to K-NN （k-nearest neighbors） classifier algorithm; results show performances of our method.展开更多
The intention of this present paper is to explore the relationship between culture and perception and the cultural factors that affect people's perceptions from different cultural backgrounds. This study is based ...The intention of this present paper is to explore the relationship between culture and perception and the cultural factors that affect people's perceptions from different cultural backgrounds. This study is based on a case, which is a news report about the cultural conflict between an old Chinese father and her daughter who has been living in Canada for eight years. Detailed information has been acquired by the author using relative books, journals as well as her own understanding and interpretation. It is concluded that to be aware of the cultural factors is of great importance to understand why people from different cultures have quite different perceptions toward the same thing, which can help to reduce the conflicts and misunderstandings in intercultural communication.展开更多
To improve the recognition accuracy of off-line handwritten Tibetan characters the local gradient direction histograms based on the wavelet transform are proposed as the recognition features.First for a Tibetan charac...To improve the recognition accuracy of off-line handwritten Tibetan characters the local gradient direction histograms based on the wavelet transform are proposed as the recognition features.First for a Tibetan character sample image the first level approximation component of the Haar wavelet transform is calculated.Secondly the approximation component is partitioned into several equal-sized zones. Finally the gradient direction histograms of each zone are calculated and the local direction histograms of the approximation component are considered as the features of the character sample image.The proposed method is tested on the recently developed off-line Tibetan handwritten character sample database.The experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed feature extraction method.Furthermore compared with the detail components the approximation component contributes more to the recognition accuracy.展开更多
A new algorithm taking the spatial context of local features into account by utilizing contextualized histograms was proposed to recognize facial expression. The contextualized histograms were extracted fromtwo widely...A new algorithm taking the spatial context of local features into account by utilizing contextualized histograms was proposed to recognize facial expression. The contextualized histograms were extracted fromtwo widely used descriptors—the local binary pattern（ LBP） and weber local descriptor（ WLD）. The LBP and WLD feature histograms were extracted separately fromeach facial image,and contextualized histogram was generated as feature vectors to feed the classifier. In addition,the human face was divided into sub-blocks and each sub-block was assigned different weights by their different contributions to the intensity of facial expressions to improve the recognition rate. With the support vector machine（SVM） as classifier,the experimental results on the 2D texture images fromthe 3D-BU FE dataset indicated that contextualized histograms improved facial expression recognition performance when local features were employed.展开更多
文摘Christianity, by far the most influential religion in the west, touches every phase of man's life so much so that it has shaped the western civilization more decisively and become the blood of western culture. William Shakespeare is the greatest humanist, but he is also a Christian rooted in western culture, so it is observed that Shakespeare's thinking pattern and writing were influenced by Christianity. The paper, taking the Merchant of Venice as an example, analyzed Biblical references in Shakespeare's thinking pattern, Christianity and Shakespeare's idealistic character.
文摘The purpose of this paper is to propose a new multi stage algorithm for the recognition of isolated characters. It was similar work done before using only the center of gravity (This paper is extended version of “A fast recognition system for isolated printed characters using center of gravity”, LAP LAMBERT Academic Publishing 2011, ISBN: 978-38465-0002-6), but here we add using principal axis in order to make the algorithm rotation invariant. In my previous work which is published in LAP LAMBERT, I face a big problem that when the character is rotated I can’t recognize the character. So this adds constrain on the document to be well oriented but here I use the principal axis in order to unify the orientation of the character set and the characters in the scanned document. The algorithm can be applied for any isolated character such as Latin, Chinese, Japanese, and Arabic characters but it has been applied in this paper for Arabic characters. The approach uses normalized and isolated characters of the same size and extracts an image signature based on the center of gravity of the character after making the character principal axis vertical, and then the system compares these values to a set of signatures for typical characters of the set. The system then provides the closeness of match to all other characters in the set.
文摘In this paper we revise the moment theory for pattern recognition designed, to extract patterns from the noisy character datas, and develop unconstrained handwritten. Amazigh character recognition method based upon orthogonal moments and neural networks classifier. We argue that, given the natural flexibility of neural network models and the extent of parallel processing that they allow, our algorithm is a step forward in character recognition. More importantly, following the approach proposed, we apply our system to two different databases, to examine the ability to recognize patterns under noise. We discover overwhelming support for different style of writing. Moreover, this basic conclusion appears to remain valid across different levels of smoothing and insensitive to the nuances of character patterns. Experiments tested the effect of set size on recognition accuracy which can reach 97.46%. The novelty of the proposed method is independence of size, slant, orientation, and translation. The performance of the proposed method is experimentally evaluated and the promising results and findings are presented. Our method is compared to K-NN （k-nearest neighbors） classifier algorithm; results show performances of our method.
文摘The intention of this present paper is to explore the relationship between culture and perception and the cultural factors that affect people's perceptions from different cultural backgrounds. This study is based on a case, which is a news report about the cultural conflict between an old Chinese father and her daughter who has been living in Canada for eight years. Detailed information has been acquired by the author using relative books, journals as well as her own understanding and interpretation. It is concluded that to be aware of the cultural factors is of great importance to understand why people from different cultures have quite different perceptions toward the same thing, which can help to reduce the conflicts and misunderstandings in intercultural communication.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.60963016)the National Social Science Foundation of China(No.17BXW037)
文摘To improve the recognition accuracy of off-line handwritten Tibetan characters the local gradient direction histograms based on the wavelet transform are proposed as the recognition features.First for a Tibetan character sample image the first level approximation component of the Haar wavelet transform is calculated.Secondly the approximation component is partitioned into several equal-sized zones. Finally the gradient direction histograms of each zone are calculated and the local direction histograms of the approximation component are considered as the features of the character sample image.The proposed method is tested on the recently developed off-line Tibetan handwritten character sample database.The experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed feature extraction method.Furthermore compared with the detail components the approximation component contributes more to the recognition accuracy.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(60772066)
文摘A new algorithm taking the spatial context of local features into account by utilizing contextualized histograms was proposed to recognize facial expression. The contextualized histograms were extracted fromtwo widely used descriptors—the local binary pattern（ LBP） and weber local descriptor（ WLD）. The LBP and WLD feature histograms were extracted separately fromeach facial image,and contextualized histogram was generated as feature vectors to feed the classifier. In addition,the human face was divided into sub-blocks and each sub-block was assigned different weights by their different contributions to the intensity of facial expressions to improve the recognition rate. With the support vector machine（SVM） as classifier,the experimental results on the 2D texture images fromthe 3D-BU FE dataset indicated that contextualized histograms improved facial expression recognition performance when local features were employed.
