Effect of phosphorus content on interfacial heat transfer and film deposition behavior during the high-temperature simulation of strip casting

The interfacial wettability and heat transfer behavior are crucial in the strip casting of high phosphorus-containing steel.A hightemperature simulation of strip casting was conducted using the droplet solidification technique with the aims to reveal the effects of phosphorus content on interfacial wettability,deposited film,and interfacial heat transfer behavior.Results showed that when the phosphorus content increased from 0.014wt%to 0.406wt%,the mushy zone enlarged,the complete solidification temperature delayed from1518.3 to 1459.4℃,the final contact angle decreased from 118.4°to 102.8°,indicating improved interfacial contact,and the maximum heat flux increased from 6.9 to 9.2 MW/m2.Increasing the phosphorus content from 0.081wt%to 0.406wt%also accelerated the film deposition rate from 1.57 to 1.73μm per test,resulting in a thickened naturally deposited film with increased thermal resistance that advanced the transition point of heat transfer from the fifth experiment to the third experiment.

Systematic and Theoretical Unfolding of Research on Xi Jinping’s Discourses on Respecting and Protecting Human Rights

Xi Jinping’s discourses on respecting and protect-ing human rights stand as a shining example of the sinicization and modernization of Marxist human rights theory,embodying profound theoretical,political,practical,and cultural logic.Existing research has conducted comprehensive and systematic theoretical analysis and academic extractions on the following contents:the core essence in-herent in these important discourses,including the“theory of human rights concepts,”the“theory of human rights paths,”the“theory of human rights practices,”the“theory of human rights protection,”and the“theory of human rights governance,”along with their profound theoretical significance,practical significance,and global signifi-cance.In the future,researchers should emphasize efforts on studying the original texts and understanding the original principles.While focusing on the precision of concepts,the scientific nature of the prop-ositions,the maturity of theoretical systems,and the rigor of internal logic related to Xi Jinping’s discourses on respecting and protecting human rights,researchers should also pay attention to constructing a discourse system on human rights from the dimensions of discourse power,discourse cluster,and discourse field.Researchers should be adept at drawing innovative insights into human rights theory from China’s vibrant human rights practices and the vast masses of people.This approach will facilitate the systematic unfolding,academic trans-formation,and innovative development of Xi Jinping’s discourses on respecting and protecting human rights.

Forward modeling and inversion of the relation model between the gas content of plume and its seismic attribute

The methane bubble plume attracts interest because it offers direct evidence of seafloor gas leakage and plays an indirect role in the exploration and identification of natural gas hydrate.In this study,based on established plume models and their migration sections,three amplitude-class attributes were extracted from three formations for the migration sections of five plumes,and the correlation between the gas content and seismic attribute was obtained.As the gas content increases,the amplitude attribute correspondingly increases,and the linear correlation is relatively good.Moreover,correlation coefficients between gas content and amplitude attributes are close to 1.0.By using linear fitting,the relation model between the gas content of the plume and the seismic attribute was obtained.The relation model was subsequently used to invert the gas content from a real databearing plume.Comparison of the gas content section of the plume with the attribute section and real seismic section reveals common distribution characteristics,namely,the color of the section in the lower right corner is dark.If the amplitude value is large in the seismic section of the real plume,the amplitude attribute value is also large in the corresponding attribute section,and the inverted value of the gas content is also large(because gas content and amplitude are linearly correlated),which indicates that the plume bubbles of the section in the lower right corner is intensively distributed.Finally,the obtained gas content section of the plume can reflect the distribution of the plume bubble content more simply and intuitively,from which the distribution law of seafloor bubbles can be deduced,and this lays a foundation for the further estimation of the gas content of the plume and hydrate reserves.

Changing the Moisture Content of the Spartina and Miscanthus and Willow Shoots during Storage in Natural Conditions

The aim of this study was to determine the characteristics of the distribution of energy plant moisture content along the height of their shoots and the dynamics of moisture during storage in natural conditions. The shoots of Spartina, Miscanthus and willow were used in the study. Entire shoots were cut into sections of 10 cm and for each set in monthly cycles for six months moisture content was evaluated. After a month＇s storage of freshly cut shoots the biggest decrease of content moisture in the shoots of Spartina and Miscanthus was recorded, by 31% and 22%, respectively, and the lowest in willow shoots （12%）. After sixth months of shoots storage the lowest moisture content （10%-12%） was reached in miscanthus. The most uneven moisture content along the height of shoots Spartina was characterized because on one third of the height from the bottom, the moisture content of shoots was 20%, and the top had moisture content in the range 5%-10%. Willow shoots were characterized by the smallest drop in moisture, and the final moisture content was about 23%, with the top part of moisture content of 10%-20%. The dynamics of moisture change during the six months of storage of grass shoots （Miscanthus and Spartina） in natural conditions under roofing was described by one power function regression, and willow by another one. Empirical models can be used to predict changes in moisture content of these plants in experiment conditions, since the coefficients of determination were 94.66% and 89.18%, respectively.

Geotechnical Identification and Classification of Soils as Flexible Pavement Subgrade of the Section Fongo Tongo-Melong

The present study is inscribed within the framework of the geotechnical characterization of the soils of the Santchou plain, their classification for employment as pavement subgrade, various identification tests were carried out on the samples. The results obtained showed that with a wide range of different grain sizes, the studied soils showed low content in clay grains and dominance of either sand grains or silt grains, this can be explaining how most of these soil are poorly graded. According to the USDA textural classification, the grain size distribution of these soils makes them to be classified as Silty Loam types to Sandy Loam types. Despite of their organic matter content which is less than 10%, according to their respective methylene blue values, the soils studied along the section should be mainly loamy soil of medium plasticity to clayed soil, therefore showing a sensibility of its behavior to variation of water content. That last one is confirmed by the consistency parameters of these soils which show intermediate plasticity to highly plastic. Also, the bearing capacity proposed by these soils at their respective optimum dry densities is relatively small, although most of these experimental CBR values of the studied soils are more important than the ones prescribed by the AASHTO Classification system for A5, A6, and A7 types, and the French Highway Earthworks Manual Classifications system (GTR) for the corresponding A2 and A3 types.

Influence of Moisture Content on the Degradation of Natural Ester Impregnated Paper Insulation

Natural ester is a kind of fire-resistant and environmentally friendly dielectric liquid, which has already been widely used in power transformers. The influence of moisture content on the degradation of natural ester (camellia oil and FR3 oil) impregnated paper in- sulation was investigated and compared with that of mineral oil impregnated paper in this paper. The initial moisture contents of insulating paper samples were 0.3%, 2% and 4%, respectively. Thermal aging experiment was conducted at 130 °C in hermetical stainless vessels for 80 days. Aging parameters such as the degree of polymerization (DP) of insulating paper, furfural mass concentration in oil and acid number of oil were measured. Chain scissions number (CSN) of aged insulating paper was calculated. The results show that moisture could accele- rate the degradation of both natural ester impregnated paper insulation and mineral oil impregnated paper insulation, while the degradation rate of natural ester impregnated paper insulation is much lower than that of mineral oil impregnated paper insulation. High moisture satura- tion solubility and hydrolysis process of natural ester may be the reason.

The construction of technical standard system for ultra deep and high sour gas fields in Northeast Sichuan

To deal with the exploitation difficulties of gas fields in Northeast Sichuan with deep marine strata, after researching the relative standards domestic and abroad extensively, summarizing and promoting the successful experiences and failure lessons of project construction technology application scientifically, Sinopec has established an integrated technical standard system for the exploration and development of ultra deep and high sour gas fields. The system consists of 51 enterprise standards and covers 7 professions including geophysical prospecting, drilling, drilling log, well logging, gas formation test and production, sour gas gathering and transferring system, and HSE (health,safety,environment). It guides and guarantees the safe, high-quality and high-efficiency project construction effectively by means of enhancing the engineering design criterion, recommending the data processing and interpretation methods, identifying the requirements of operation and field inspection and standardizing the application of technical equipments.

A Comparative Study on the Quality Components Between Self Pollinated Seeds and Naturally Pollinated Seeds in Brassica napus L. in Sichuan Ecological Region

[ Objective] This study was to reveal the differences in crude fat and glucosinolates between self pollinated seeds and naturally pollinated seeds in Brassica napus in sichuan ecological region.. [ Method] Near-infrared spectroscopy method （NIRS） was employed to measure the quality components in self pollinated seeds and naturally pollinated seeds of 861 shares of Brassica napus from Sichuan ecological region. And correlation analysis and regression analysis were conducted based on the experimental data via SPSS （statistics package for social science）. [ Result] The contents of crude fat in the self pollinated seeds were commonly a higher than that in the naturally pollinated seeds at 0.01 significant level; while the contents of glucosinolates in the self pollinated seeds and the naturally pollinated seeds were insignificantly different. Both the correlation relationship and linear regression for the crude fat between the self pollinated seeds and naturally pollinated seeds reached the significant level. The regression equations for the contents of crude fat（y1 ） and glucosinolates（ y2 ） in the naturally pollinated seeds and of crude fat（ x1 ） and glucosinolates（ x2 ） in self pollinated seeds were respectively determined to be y1 = 16.844 ＋0.614x1 and y2 = -0.620 ＋ 1.017 x2. [ Conclusion] In Brassica napus breeding, crude fat in naturally pollinated seeds should be emphatically taken into account, meanwhile concurrently considering that in self pollinated seeds; while glucosinolates in both the self pollinated seeds and the naturally pollinated seeds must be simultaneously concerned.

Measurement of Water Content in Different Organs of Phyllostachys pubescens

The height growth of bamboo in 2008 and 2009 as well as the water contents of bamboo stump,leaves,straw,and rhizome in 2009 were measured at the Tianmu Mountain Nature Reserve.The results revealed that the relationship between the height growth（Pn）and growth time（t）showed S-shaped curve in the two years;the water contents of bamboo stump,leaf,straw,rhizome and bamboo shoot were 0.50-2.31,0.46-1.8,0.50-1.38,0.56-1.58 and 0.89-8.96,respectively.Among them,the water content of bamboo shoot was the highest and noticeable changed,followed by bamboo stump,leaves,rhizome and straw in order.The water contents of the underground and aboveground parts respectively were 0.34-0.62 and 0.33-0.57.

On Physical and Mechanical Behavior of Natural Marine Intermediate Deposits

Coastal structures may be built on natural sedimentary intermediate grounds, which mainly consist of silty soils and fine sandy soils. In this study, extensive field and laboratory tests were performed on the natural marine intermediate deposits to demonstrate the difference in behavior between natural marine clayey soils and natural marine intermediate deposits. The natural intermediate deposits have almost the same ratios of natural water content to liquid limit as those of the soft natural marine clays, but the former have much higher in-situ strength and sensitivity than the latter. The research results indicate that grain size distributions of soils affect significantly tip resistance obtained in field cone penetration tests. The mechanical parameters of natural marine intermediate deposits are also significantly affected by sample disturbance due to their high sensitivity and relatively large permeability. Unconfined compression shear tests largely underestimate the strength of natural marine intermediate soils. The triaxial consolidated compression shear tests with simulated in-situ confined pressure give results much better than those of uncomfined compression shear tests.

Freeze-thaw processes of active-layer soils in the Nanweng'he River National Natural Reserve in the Da Xing'anling Mountains,northern Northeast China

The active-layer soils overlying the permafrost are the most thermodynamically active zone of rock or soil and play important roles in the earth-atmosphere energy system. The processes of thawing and freezing and their associated complex hydrothermal coupling can significantly affect variation in mean annual temperatures and the formation of ground ice in permafrost regions. Using soil-temperature and-moisture data obtained from the active layer between September 2011 and October 2014 in the permafrost region of the Nanweng'he River in the Da Xing'anling Mountains, the freeze-thaw characteristics of the permafrost were studied. Based on analysis of ground-temperature variation and hydrothermal transport characteristics, the thawing and freezing processes of the active layer were divided into three stages:(1) autumn-winter freezing,(2) winter freeze-up, and(3) spring-summer thawing. Variations in the soil temperature and moisture were analyzed during each stage of the freeze-thaw process, and the effects of the soil moisture and ground vegetation on the freeze-thaw are discussed in this paper. The study's results show that thawing in the active layer was unidirectional, while the ground freezing was bidirectional(upward from the bottom of the active layer and downward from the ground surface).During the annual freeze-thaw cycle, the migration of soil moisture had different characteristics at different stages. In general, during a freezing-thawing cycle, the soil-water molecules migrate downward, i.e., soil moisture transports from the entire active layer to the upper limit of the permafrost. In the meantime, freeze-thaw in the active layer can be significantly affected by the soil-moisture content and vegetation.

Voices of Mother's Interaction with Midwives in Natural Childbirth: A Qualitative Study

Interaction between mothers and midwives during natural childbirth is one of the important factors in relationship between mothers and midwives in natural childbirth. In this qualitative study we explored experiences of mothers and midwives in interaction with each other in natural childbirth. This study was a part of a larger study which was carried out in Iran in 2013-2014. A total of 23 participants participated in this study. 12 primiparous and multiparous women planned to have natural deliveries and 11 midwives were purposefully included for semi-structured in-depth interviews in this study. For analysis and interpretation of mothers’ and midwives’ experience, conventional content analysis was used. Data were coded in MAXqda software (version 2). Interaction between mothers and midwives could be organized and categorized in one theme “relationship”. This theme consists of two subthemes: “respect for the mother” and “interaction” and five categories: “Feeling confidence, Feeling satisfaction, Associated with sensory relationship, Understanding mother’s situation, Understanding the meaning of interaction”. Good relationship between mothers and midwives in natural childbirth could improve the experience of natural childbirth for mothers. This experience could increase woman’s tendency toward natural birth instead of cesarean section in future pregnancies. Findings of this study can be seen as a challenge for health care professionals and policy makers to upgrade care of natural childbirth based on women’s preferences and needs.

Revealing the Structure-Property Difference of Natural Rubber Prepared by Different Methods: Protein and Gel Content are Key Factors

Natural rubber (NR) is widely used in various fields including aerospace, military industry and transportation due to its superior elasticity and comprehensive mechanical properties. Nonetheless, the commercial NR prepared by different methods usually exhibits different mechanical properties, primarily due to variations in processing conditions during the conversion from latex to bulk rubber material. Consequently, this poses challenges in scientific research and industrial production of NR. In order to assess the properties of various commercially available NR and identify key structural and compositional components, this study systematically compares and analyzes four representative NR raw materials: air dried sheet (ADS), ribbed smoked sheets (RSS), constant viscidity NR (CV), and whole field latex rubber (WF). The investigation focuses on evaluating their static mechanical behavior, SIC behavior, wear resistance, and fatigue resistance. The findings indicate that protein and gel content exhibit a crucial influence on the NR properties. These constituents contribute to the formation of a high-crosslinking density region, generating a heterogeneous network structure within the rubber. This structure amplifies strains during deformation, leading to earlier and stronger strain-induced crystallization (SIC). Among the four commercial NR brands, RSS demonstrates superior overall mechanical and dynamic properties owing to its high protein and gel content. This study serves as a valuable reference for comprehending the differences in properties among various commercial NR, thereby offering guidance for the actual processing and selection of NR.

Reflection--The Story of Water

Starting from the fact that water is quite arguably the source of life, the authors agreed to set up a project on water and name it： ＂REFLECTION＂. Particular focus was placed on the following issues： water in nature, importance of water in human life, physical and chemical properties of water, protection of water in nature. The aim of the project was to make students aware of the importance of water for health as well as to help them develop a rational relationship towards drinking water. In order to find answers to the issues raised, the authors designed worksheets, PowerPoint presentations, educational games （ecological postcards, dominoes, memory games, etc.）. The authors even tried our hand at making a comic strip. Students learned about the influence of water on health, as well as about water content in particular foods. The long-term goal of the project is to introduce children to scientific approach and methodology. Through active participation and dialogue, students discover cooperative learning and acquire skills that will be beneficial to them as well as to the wider community. Working on the project, students＇ evidence that the role of an individual is a key one in building a better world. This insight helps develop their civic skills and attitudes that serve as the starting point for environmental education. The authors made numerous adaptations and implemented individual approach with the goal of training students for independent work and life according to their personal abilities in line with the principles of inclusive education. Students conduct experiments following step-by-step instructions on specially adapted worksheets. Each student gets positive feedback and experiences the joy of success that leads to the development of self-confidence and love of work and learning.

Continuity of Natural Science Education in the System of“School-University”

At the present time,new state compulsory standards for school education,standard curricula,and curricula have been developed.The programs of higher and postgraduate education do not take into account changes in educational curricula of secondary education.The future specialists of pedagogical universities are teachers of the school.Therefore,graduates of universities on pedagogical specialties,including scientific direction,should be profoundly aware of the content of subjects studied in secondary education.It is very important to understand the need to ensure the continuity of educational curricula of higher pedagogical and general secondary education in conditions of updating the content of education.The relevance of the research topic is due to the lack of continuity in the educational programs of higher pedagogical and general secondary education in conditions of updating the content of education;discrepancy of professional competences of young pedagogical staff,graduates of higher educational institutions,to the conditions of the updated content of school education;the lack of fundamental and applied research to date,considering the theoretical and methodological foundations for ensuring the continuity of natural science education in the“school-university”system in the context of updating the content of education;the need for the research in the context of the implementation of the State Program for the Development of Education of the Republic of Kazakhstan for 2016-2019,which indicates an increase in the prestige of the profession of teachers and an increase in their quality.These theoretical and methodological bases for ensuring the continuity of educational programs of higher pedagogical and secondary education in conditions of updating the content of education will make it possible to introduce changes in the educational curricula of higher and postgraduate education for the training of pedagogical personnel.

Practical Engineering Behavior of Egyptian Collapsible Soils, Laboratory and <i>In-Situ</i>Experimental Study

In many sites on Egypt desert roads collapsible soils is broadly classified as a problematic soils containing silty fine sand which is cemented with low density and low degree of saturation which is susceptible to a large and sudden reduction in their volume upon inundation, with or without vibration in its stress. Four sites have been studied for new urban, roads and industry work sits, related to increase in natural water content. These soils go through radical rearrangement of their particles, causing sudden changes in the stress-deformation behavior which cause differential settlement of foundation and roads. This change in volume can lead to foundation failures and worth of damages under ground public facilities and infrastructure. In this study, the search program is developed to establish their different behavior under wetting in two phases: field and laboratory work. The obtained results are useful in mapping the trend of the factors affected in assessing soil collapsibility rate or collapse potentials which are observed in construction with volume change problems. The major factors observed are the natural structure skeleton of the soil particle and its grain size and mechanism of soil sedimentation. The field collapse potentials value assigned for these tested sites along Alexandria—Cairo desert road indicated that the field measured collapsibility potentials are smaller than those measured on the same extracted undisturbed samples in laboratory by 15%, which can be saved in coast, change in proposed collapsibility improvement method and change in select foundation type. Also, field tests evaluate the collapsibility rate with time and highlight that environmental history and natural soil structure in field are the important factors affected on these soil collapse, and also, knowledgeable by collapsible soils during wetting in these sites studied.