Optimal Trading Decision-Making of Power Supply Chain under Renewable Portfolio Standards

Under the background of implementing renewable portfolio standards and the ever-improving tradable green certificate scheme,the increasingly environmentally-friendly preference of power users is leading to changes in electricity demand,which,in turn,is driving changes in the decision-making behaviors of various actors in the power supply chain.Based on this,with the goal of pursuing maximum profit,consumer-power-demand functions have been introduced with some consideration of the factors of consumer preference to establish an optimal profit model for each trading subject in non-cooperative states of the power supply chain,under the constraints of meeting renewable energy portfolio standards.Here,the optimal strategy of each trading subject is presented by adopting the reverse induction method.Furthermore,examples are used to analyze factors such as the influence of environmental protection preferences,quota ratios,price substitutions,and market demand as well as the optimal profit of each trading subject in view of providing a reference for the decision-making in the power supply chain trading subjects.

Supply Chain Cooperation between Coal Enterprise and Electric Power Enterprise in China

Based on the two-stage Stackelberg game method, value creation of supply chain cooperation between coal enterprise and power utilities is studied by formulating profit functions of coal and power enterprises and calculating the maximum profit. According to the analysis, it is found that the profit from supply chain cooperation between coal and power enterprises is more than that of non- cooperation. The cooperation is validated to be beneficial for both units; however, the profit is mainly taken by the power enterprise. Thus, it is necessary to set up the incentive mechanism to distribute cooperation value between coal and power enterprises to promote their continual cooperation.

Cooperative Innovation in a Supply Chain with Different Market Power Structures

This paper studies firms’ innovation behavior in a supply chain where two firms first invest to reduce component’ cost according to different innovation modes (non-cooperative innovation, sequential innovation, and cooperative innovation) and then decide the prices according to different market powers (Supplier-Stackelberg, Manufacturer-Stackelberg, and Nash). We find that both the supplier and the manufacturer make more innovation efforts and profits under sequential innovation than under non-cooperative innovation when the market power is any one of three structures. Moreover, the firm prefers to invest as the follower in sequential innovation. We also show that the firms are easy to achieve cooperative innovation under symmetrical power market structure than asymmetrical power market structure. By using a concept named innovation-desirability-index that measures a firm’s desire to innovate in the supply chain, we show that it is optimal for a firm in the chain to cooperate with such a firm whose market power is close to his own if the innovation-desirability-index is higher, otherwise with such a firm whose market power is lower to his own.

System Dynamics Forecasting on Taiwan Power Supply Chain

This research aims to study the sustainability of Taiwan power supplychain based on system dynamics forecasting. The paper tries to investigate electricity shortage effects not only on the industrial side, but also from the standpointof society. In our model, different forecasting methods such as linear regression,time series analysis, and gray forecasting are also considered to predict the parameters. Further tests such as the structure, dimension, historical fit, and sensitivityof the model are also conducted in this paper. Through analysis forecasting result,we believe that the demand for electricity in Taiwan will continue to increase to acertain level for a period of time in the future. This phenomenon is closely relatedto Taiwan’s economic development, especially industrial development. We alsopoint out that electricity prices in Taiwan do not match with high industrialdemand, and that prices are still slightly low. Finally, the future growth trend ofTaiwan’s electricity demand has not changed, and ensuring adequate supply tomeet electricity demand to prevent potential power shortages will pose somedifficulty.

Fresh-Keeping Decision and Coordination of Fresh Agricultural Product Supply Chain Considering Carbon Cap-and-Trade under Different Dominance

In the context of low carbon,this paper discussed the impact of the carbon cap-and-trade policy on the fresh-keeping decision-making of two-echelon fresh agricultural product supply chains under different dominance,and designed cost-sharing contracts to coordinate the supply chain of fresh agricultural products dominated by suppliers and retailers respectively.The results showed that:dominance has no effect on the fresh-keeping decision and total revenue of fresh agricultural product supply chain,but it affects the internal income distribution,and dominance does not always bring more benefits;the implementation of carbon cap-and-trade reduces the fresh-keeping decision-making of fresh agricultural products supply chain and reduces the free-rider income of followers;the role of higher carbon trading price is twofold,which not only brings about the speculation of leading enterprises,but also promotes the application of low-carbon technologies;consumers’high preference for freshness,low-cost and high-efficiency low-carbon technology are all conducive to improving the fresh-keeping efforts and benefits of the supply chain;cost-sharing contracts can coordinate the supply chain of fresh agricultural products.

基于Blockchain的新能源汽车动力电池回收供应链模式

构建高效的动力电池回收网络对新能源汽车产业发展具有重要的作用。考虑到动力电池回收网络的供应链运营特征,首先,应用扎根理论对传统回收模式下新能源汽车动力电池回收溯源管理中存在的回收主体间协调、回收信息溯源和回收过程监管等技术需求,与区块链分布式记账、共识机制、智能合约等技术特性之间的关系进行分析;其次,分析区块链技术下回收主体间信息共享和回收信息网络化传递的可行路径,构建由基础层(回收信息流数据存储)、核心层(回收信息共享传递)和应用层(回收参与方协作)构成的回收供应链信息平台模型;再次,搭建基于区块链的新能源汽车动力电池回收供应链体系框架,分析电池生产商主导(BML)、整车生产企业主导(VML)、生产商联合体主导(MAL)和第三方主导(TPL)等四种回收供应链模式的特点;最后,通过构建DEA模型对回收效率进行实证分析和量化评价。研究表明,区块链技术下的回收供应链模式其效率高于传统回收模式,且MAL模式和TPL模式下的回收效率最高,BML模式和VML模式下的回收效率则次之。研究结论为企业应用区块链技术进行新能源汽车动力电池回收网络构建与回收运营决策优化提供参考。

Research on Multichannel Supply Chain Pricing Under Different Dominance

In a multichannel supply chain comprising of dual-channel retailers with both physical and online channels as well as single-channel e-tailers with online channels,a multichannel demand model for e-commerce is constructed based on customer channel preferences,and a Stackerberg game model with price competition dominated by dual-channel retailers and single-channel e-tailers as well as a Bertrand game model with equal rights are established to analyze the impact of different channel rights structures on the price,demand,and profit of the two retailers.The results show that the single-channel e-tailer under the dual-channel retailer-dominated game has the highest profit,and the dual-channel retailer xmder the single-channel e-tailer-dominated game has the highest profit;thus,both retailers should accept the other's dominant channel rights for profit maximization.

非理性偏好下动力电池再制造供应链最优决策与协调研究

考虑动力电池剩余容量不确定特征,构建由电池供应商和汽车制造商组成的再制造供应链,分别探讨决策双方完全理性、单向非理性偏好和双向非理性偏好等5种决策情形下的均衡解。研究发现:动力电池再制造容量起始点对回收量具有正向作用。在双向非理性偏好情形下,供应商的利他(公平)偏好程度增加导致制造商和系统总利润提高(降低),而自身利润总是降低;制造商的非理性偏好对供应链成员及系统利润的影响与供应商的非理性偏好程度有关。在单向非理性情形下,供应链成员的利他(公平)偏好程度增加导致自身利润下降(上升)而对方利润上升(下降)。两部定价契约和收益共享契约能够实现双向非理性偏好情形下再制造供应链的协调。

能量视角下的电力系统惯量

同步机主导的电力系统中,机械旋转惯量是决定频率动态的主导因素,被代指为系统惯量。随着新能源占比升高,机械旋转惯量不断下降,其主导作用被削弱,现有对电力系统惯量的认知不再适用。文中首先回顾惯量作为阻碍物体状态变化能力度量的物理本质,把电力系统建模为包含不同尺度下多种能量形式和元件的能量供应链,将惯量广义化为机械旋转惯量、电惯量、热惯量、流体惯量。能量供应链中,同一尺度上存储惯量和通道惯量组成的“惯量对”决定了该尺度的动态;总的尺度上,不同尺度的多个“惯量对”决定了时域的序贯动态和频域的级联滤波特性。然后,进一步揭示了惯量需求的根源是能量需求,存储单元需要有足够的瞬时可释放能量来应对传输通道引起的能量补充滞后,整个能量供应链需要存储足够的本地能量支撑分散控制。能量视角下的电力系统惯量认知有助于评估新型电力系统的惯量需求,为新型电力系统有功控制的方法设计提供理论指导。

不对等权力结构下竞争性闭环供应链的回收模式选择均衡

针对两条具有不对等权力的竞争性闭环供应链,其中双链制造商均可选择己方回收(M模式)、委托零售商回收(R模式)或第三方回收(T模式)的3种模式之一,首先建立和求解博弈模型得到9种可能回收组合下的均衡解、成员利润和链利润,然后基于不同组合的比较推导双链回收模式选择的均衡策略,最后分析均衡组合的Pareto效率。结论表明:①主从链博弈存在“后动优势”现象,特别当从链回收者的回收效率不劣于主链时,从链的各项运营指标完全优于主链;②当从链回收模式任意给定时,无论双链竞争强度如何,主链制造商选择R模式对己方、零售商和整条链最有利;当主链回收模式给定时,随着竞争加剧,M模式、R模式和T模式将依次成为从链制造商和整条从链的最优选择;③RR、RM和RT三种组合均可能是双链的回收模式选择均衡,但在某些条件下RR和RM会陷入低效的囚徒困境。

供应链话语权对债务期限错配的治理机制研究

选取2007—2022年沪深A股上市公司为研究样本,采用固定效应模型实证检验供应链话语权对债务期限错配的治理效应和作用机制。研究发现,具有话语权的供应商和客户能发挥对债务期限错配的治理效应。机制检验表明,具有话语权的供应商和客户会与企业进行专有性投资,抑制企业非理性投资行为;企业出于预防动机会提高现金持有水平以抵御外界环境不确定性和市场风险,缓解债务期限错配;创新绩效的提高和激烈的行业竞争,能增强具有话语权的供应商和客户对债务期限错配的治理效应。债务期限错配的治理效应在非国有企业和内部控制质量高的企业更显著。

双制式列车接地系统的车-地联合牵引供电计算

为研究双制式列车在不同供电制式区段下的车体环流和车体—轴端电位分布,针对某型双制式列车构建列车接地系统的链式电路模型,并提出车-地一体化的交、直流区段联合牵引供电计算方法;同时,建立列车接地保护电阻优化模型,并分析2种列车接地系统配置方案.以国内某条双制式线路为算例进行仿真验证,研究结果表明:方案1相较方案2,列车的车体—轴端电位最大值降低36.58%~41.04%,车体环流最大值降低18.49%~22.97%;并且在方案1中,头尾车保护电阻设置为20 mΩ,可使列车的车体—轴端电位最大值为1.15 V,车体电流最大值为50.30 A,达到抑制车体—轴端电位的最优效果.该车-地一体化的交、直流区段联合牵引供电计算方法可适用于单一供电制式或者多供电制式列车接地系统的分析.

不同偏好倾向下动力电池供应链定价决策

随着国内外对环境保护与可持续发展的持续关注,动力电池行业日益进入人们视野,其对于推动电动汽车产业、缓解能源危机具有重要意义。基于此研究了自利偏好、汽车制造商单向互惠偏好、动力电池生产商单向互惠偏好和双向互惠偏好四种不同偏好情形下,动力电池生产商与汽车制造商二者的定价决策与利润关系,以期为动力电池生产商与汽车制造商如何建立互惠偏好关系,实现共赢发展提供一些参考。研究表明,在单向互惠偏好情形下,具有互惠偏好倾向的参与方的自身利润会降低;当供应链双方均展现出较高的互惠偏好倾向时,各自的利润和供应链的利润均高于自利偏好下的水平。

考虑企业社会责任的物流服务供应链决策

在总结分析已有研究成果的基础上,以成本量化企业社会责任(CSR),将物流服务集成商的CSR承担行为引入二级物流服务供应链决策研究中,探讨不同权力结构下集成商承担CSR前后物流服务供应链(LSSC)均衡结果的变化以及权力结构对决策的影响,判断占优权力结构。研究表明,集成商承担CSR会使物流服务水平、批发价、市场价、需求量以及集成商与提供商各自的利润都增加,这种变化在三种渠道权力下保持一致;在集成商承担CSR时,物流服务水平、CSR承担水平、物流需求量以及LSSC总利润在双方权力对等时最优。

大国竞争中的《国防工业战略》:动因、特点及启示

深入剖析《国防工业战略》文本,从背景动因、创新举措、显著特点等层面进行梳理提炼,并据此进行评鉴。美国此部《国防工业战略》具有对抗性、生产性、动员性、联合性等特点,但它无法从根本上解决美国霸权野心与国防工业能力之间的矛盾,国际国内两方面举措的推进预计都将面临巨大困难。我国可通过巩固提高一体化国家战略体系和能力,加强国防工业能力的安全性、灵活性和融合性建设加以应对。

中国式现代化进程中数字化转型赋能企业新质生产力——基于供应链韧性视角

在进一步全面深化改革,推进中国式现代化的进程中,发展新质生产力是推动中国经济实现高质量发展的内在要求和重要着力点。依托前沿数字技术,数字化转型可通过赋能供应链韧性继而影响企业新质生产力的形成与发展。从供应链韧性视角出发,基于2011—2022年中国上市公司的面板数据,深入探讨数字化转型对企业新质生产力水平的影响及其作用机制。结果表明,数字化转型能够有效促进企业新质生产力水平的提升,且该结论经过一系列稳健性检验和内生性分析后依然成立。进一步分析发现,数字化转型对企业新质生产力的影响呈现出一定的异质性特征,具体表现为对大型企业、非国有企业、东部企业和高科技行业企业的新质生产力水平的提高效果尤为显著。机制检验结果表明,通过提高供应链效率和增强供应链话语权这两大路径,数字化转型有效锻造了企业供应链的韧性,进而推动企业新质生产力水平的提升。研究结果不仅丰富了数字化转型和企业新质生产力的理论研究,同时为企业因地制宜地通过数字化转型优化供应链管理、提升新质生产力水平提供了实践指导和可行路径。

金融服务体系创新助力农业强国建设探析

巩固拓展脱贫攻坚成果同乡村振兴有效衔接、实现城乡共同富裕和农业农村现代化,必须把建设农业强国摆在更加重要的位置。金融是我国经济的重要支柱,对于加快农业强国建设的意义重大,金融服务体系则是建设农业强国的重要保障。金融服务体系创新助力农业强国建设主要通过优化农业补贴投入方式、助力农业科技创新发展、推动现代农业产业体系建设来实现。目前,金融服务体系创新助力农业强国建设存在农业产业发展资金不足、农村数字金融基础设施建设水平不高、农村金融服务体系发展滞后、农村金融数字化人才匮乏等诸多问题,难以满足建设农业强国的要求。金融服务体系创新助力农业强国建设应从农业发展资金支持、农村数字基础设施建设、农村金融服务体系完善和农村金融数字化人才培养等方面协同发力。

贯通同相供电系统建模及运行特性分析

贯通同相供电系统可以取消全线电分相,实现牵引网不间断供电,对贯通同相供电系统进行建模和运行特性分析能够为系统的设计和优化提供理论依据。构建同相牵引变电所模型;建立能够灵活模拟不同拓扑结构和不同运行状态的贯通同相供电系统的链式电路模型;针对模型高效求解和导线载流量校验需求,提出一种改进的导体电流间接求解方法;基于构建的模型对贯通同相供电系统在空载和负载工况下的运行特性进行分析。研究结果表明,三相电压不平衡度的计算值与理论值相等,验证了模型的正确性;与既有导体电流计算方法相比,改进的导体电流间接求解方法的计算精度无差异,计算时间缩短为原来的1/3;潮流计算能够充分反映贯通同相供电系统的穿越功率以及牵引网电压、电流等特性。

碳交易政策下动力电池闭环供应链定价决策

为探讨实施碳交易政策对新能源汽车动力电池回收和减排决策的影响,基于动力电池生产者责任延伸制度,建立以整车制造商为主导的动力电池闭环供应链的Stackelberg博弈模型,引入碳交易政策和动力电池成本系数,通过对比分析碳交易政策实施前后供应链各成员的定价决策,探究碳交易市场价格、碳减排成本、动力电池成本系数对各主体定价决策和整车制造商减排水平的影响。研究发现政府实施碳交易政策始终能够提高动力电池的回收价格和回收量;碳减排成本和碳价的比值越低,越有利于推动新能源汽车产业的发展与碳中和进程;动力电池成本系数与动力电池回收价格、回收总量正相关,与碳排放量负相关,与新能源汽车价格和市场需求、企业碳减排水平无关。

企业数字化转型的供应链溢出效应——客户与供应商双重视角

以2004—2022年中国A股上市企业为样本,基于供应商与客户双重视角考察企业数字化转型的供应链溢出效应及其经济后果。结果发现:①企业数字化转型程度越高,上游供应商与下游客户数字化转型程度越高,表明数字化转型在供应链上存在溢出效应,上述影响不仅当期存在,而且具有显著滞后性;②企业议价能力越强、成长潜力越大、与供应商及客户合作关系越稳定,数字化转型的溢出效应在供应链上表现越显著;③数字化转型的供应链溢出效应能够产生积极的经济后果,具体表现为供应链上下游企业信息不对称程度降低与资源配置水平提升。结论从供应链合作关系视角证实企业数字化转型的溢出效应,既可丰富数字化转型驱动因素相关文献,也可为政府制定数字化转型政策提供参考。