The article shows that the situation of agricultural cooperatives in the world in general and agricultural cooperatives in Vietnam in particular are facing certain challenges in the context of globalization in the 21s...The article shows that the situation of agricultural cooperatives in the world in general and agricultural cooperatives in Vietnam in particular are facing certain challenges in the context of globalization in the 21st century.The article points out limitations on:the nature,principles of democratic member control and principles of surplus distribution of the International Cooperative Alliance,as well as Vietnamese law in cooperative management.展开更多
This paper examines the unequal distribution of educational resources in rural areas of China and its impact on educational equity.Through a comprehensive analysis of existing literature,case studies,and statistical d...This paper examines the unequal distribution of educational resources in rural areas of China and its impact on educational equity.Through a comprehensive analysis of existing literature,case studies,and statistical data,the research identifies key disparities in areas such as teacher-to-student ratios,educational infrastructure,and educational attainment.The study also explores the long-term effects of these disparities on social mobility and economic development in rural regions.Drawing on international experiences from countries like Finland,South Korea,and Brazil,the paper offers policy recommendations and a practical pathway for reform.These include enhancing investment in rural education,improving teacher recruitment and retention,standardizing the curriculum,leveraging technology,strengthening early childhood education,and promoting lifelong learning opportunities.The paper concludes with a call to action for policymakers,educators,and community leaders to work collaboratively towards achieving educational equity and social justice in China.展开更多
In this study,we analyze the lead-lag relationships between the US industry index and those of six other major countries from January 1973 to May 2021.We identify the leading role played by the US internationally by s...In this study,we analyze the lead-lag relationships between the US industry index and those of six other major countries from January 1973 to May 2021.We identify the leading role played by the US internationally by showing that the weekly returns of US industries,especially the US basic materials and energy industries,significantly Granger cause the returns of most other countries’industries,suggesting that non-US industries react with some delay to new information.This delayed reaction is even more notice-able during periods of recession in the US when cross-country correlations are higher.This implies that the ability of the lagged returns of US industries to predict industries’returns from other countries is even more pronounced when the US experienced an economic recession.A similar asymmetric relationship is found between the volatil-ity of US industries and that of industries in other markets.The analysis of causality in the distribution of returns and volatility shows that causality runs mainly from the US to other countries,particularly in the presence of extreme negative shocks.Finally,we demonstrate that our predictions are valuable to real-world investors.Long-short strategies generate sizable and statistically significant alphas,and a constant relative risk-averse investor obtains certainty equivalent returns well above the risk-free rate.展开更多
In this paper, we consider a general expression for Ф（u, x, y）, the joint density function of the surplus prior to ruin and the deficit at ruin when the initial surplus is u. In the renewal risk model, this density...In this paper, we consider a general expression for Ф（u, x, y）, the joint density function of the surplus prior to ruin and the deficit at ruin when the initial surplus is u. In the renewal risk model, this density function is expressed in terms of the corresponding density function when the initial surplus is O. In the compound Poisson risk process with phase-type claim size, we derive an explicit expression for Ф（u, x, y）. Finally, we give a numerical example to illustrate the application of these results.展开更多
In this study, accessibility and location-allocation models have been integrated into GIS to improve spatial planning and environmental sustainability of health services in Al-Madinah Al-Munawwarah. This integration p...In this study, accessibility and location-allocation models have been integrated into GIS to improve spatial planning and environmental sustainability of health services in Al-Madinah Al-Munawwarah. This integration provides a planning framework in order to check the efficiency of the spatial allocation of health services and to generate alternatives either by proposing an active service or to improve an existing one. To achieve these objectives, the accessibility to the service area was analyzed within the analysis of health services networks, which are divided into eight types: public hospitals, specialized hospitals, health units, healthcare centers, infirmaries, clinic complexes, the Red Crescent Center, and ambulance facilities, with time intervals of (5 minutes - 10 minutes - 15 minutes) to access coverage ranges, and the location-allocation model was used based on the maximum coverage model within a response time not exceeding 15 minutes, The results of the study revealed the poor distribution of health services Al-Madinah Al-Munawwarah suffers from weak accessibility to health services coverage areas and is unable to meet the needs of its population at present. The current need for health services reached twenty-four locations, including two public hospitals, three specialized hospitals, two health centers, three ambulance facilities, four infirmaries, three clinic complexes, four health units, and three Red Crescent centers.展开更多
In this paper, we consider the distribution of the maximum surplus before ruin in a generalized Erlang（n） risk process （i.e., convolution of n exponential distributions with possibly different parameters） perturbe...In this paper, we consider the distribution of the maximum surplus before ruin in a generalized Erlang（n） risk process （i.e., convolution of n exponential distributions with possibly different parameters） perturbed by diffusion. It is shown that the maximum surplus distribution before ruin satisfies the integro-differential equation with certain boundary conditions. Explicit expressions are obtained when claims amounts are rationally distributed. Finally, the surplus distribution at the time of ruin and the surplus distribution immediately before ruin are presented.展开更多
The classical risk process that is perturbed by diffusion is studied. The explicit expressions for the ruin probability and the surplus distribution of the risk process at the time of ruin are obtained when the claim ...The classical risk process that is perturbed by diffusion is studied. The explicit expressions for the ruin probability and the surplus distribution of the risk process at the time of ruin are obtained when the claim amount distribution is a finite mixture of exponential distributions or a Gamma (2, α) distribution.展开更多
文摘The article shows that the situation of agricultural cooperatives in the world in general and agricultural cooperatives in Vietnam in particular are facing certain challenges in the context of globalization in the 21st century.The article points out limitations on:the nature,principles of democratic member control and principles of surplus distribution of the International Cooperative Alliance,as well as Vietnamese law in cooperative management.
文摘This paper examines the unequal distribution of educational resources in rural areas of China and its impact on educational equity.Through a comprehensive analysis of existing literature,case studies,and statistical data,the research identifies key disparities in areas such as teacher-to-student ratios,educational infrastructure,and educational attainment.The study also explores the long-term effects of these disparities on social mobility and economic development in rural regions.Drawing on international experiences from countries like Finland,South Korea,and Brazil,the paper offers policy recommendations and a practical pathway for reform.These include enhancing investment in rural education,improving teacher recruitment and retention,standardizing the curriculum,leveraging technology,strengthening early childhood education,and promoting lifelong learning opportunities.The paper concludes with a call to action for policymakers,educators,and community leaders to work collaboratively towards achieving educational equity and social justice in China.
基金been funded by national funds through FCT–Fundacao para a Ciência e a Tecnologia,I.P.,Project UIDB/05037/2020.
文摘In this study,we analyze the lead-lag relationships between the US industry index and those of six other major countries from January 1973 to May 2021.We identify the leading role played by the US internationally by showing that the weekly returns of US industries,especially the US basic materials and energy industries,significantly Granger cause the returns of most other countries’industries,suggesting that non-US industries react with some delay to new information.This delayed reaction is even more notice-able during periods of recession in the US when cross-country correlations are higher.This implies that the ability of the lagged returns of US industries to predict industries’returns from other countries is even more pronounced when the US experienced an economic recession.A similar asymmetric relationship is found between the volatil-ity of US industries and that of industries in other markets.The analysis of causality in the distribution of returns and volatility shows that causality runs mainly from the US to other countries,particularly in the presence of extreme negative shocks.Finally,we demonstrate that our predictions are valuable to real-world investors.Long-short strategies generate sizable and statistically significant alphas,and a constant relative risk-averse investor obtains certainty equivalent returns well above the risk-free rate.
文摘In this paper, we consider a general expression for Ф（u, x, y）, the joint density function of the surplus prior to ruin and the deficit at ruin when the initial surplus is u. In the renewal risk model, this density function is expressed in terms of the corresponding density function when the initial surplus is O. In the compound Poisson risk process with phase-type claim size, we derive an explicit expression for Ф（u, x, y）. Finally, we give a numerical example to illustrate the application of these results.
文摘In this study, accessibility and location-allocation models have been integrated into GIS to improve spatial planning and environmental sustainability of health services in Al-Madinah Al-Munawwarah. This integration provides a planning framework in order to check the efficiency of the spatial allocation of health services and to generate alternatives either by proposing an active service or to improve an existing one. To achieve these objectives, the accessibility to the service area was analyzed within the analysis of health services networks, which are divided into eight types: public hospitals, specialized hospitals, health units, healthcare centers, infirmaries, clinic complexes, the Red Crescent Center, and ambulance facilities, with time intervals of (5 minutes - 10 minutes - 15 minutes) to access coverage ranges, and the location-allocation model was used based on the maximum coverage model within a response time not exceeding 15 minutes, The results of the study revealed the poor distribution of health services Al-Madinah Al-Munawwarah suffers from weak accessibility to health services coverage areas and is unable to meet the needs of its population at present. The current need for health services reached twenty-four locations, including two public hospitals, three specialized hospitals, two health centers, three ambulance facilities, four infirmaries, three clinic complexes, four health units, and three Red Crescent centers.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China （Grant Nos. 10901164 and 11071037）, the Scientific Research Foundation for the Returned Overseas Chinese Scholars, State Education Ministry and Natural Science Foundation of CQ CSTC （Grant No. 2009BB8221）
文摘In this paper, we consider the distribution of the maximum surplus before ruin in a generalized Erlang（n） risk process （i.e., convolution of n exponential distributions with possibly different parameters） perturbed by diffusion. It is shown that the maximum surplus distribution before ruin satisfies the integro-differential equation with certain boundary conditions. Explicit expressions are obtained when claims amounts are rationally distributed. Finally, the surplus distribution at the time of ruin and the surplus distribution immediately before ruin are presented.
文摘The classical risk process that is perturbed by diffusion is studied. The explicit expressions for the ruin probability and the surplus distribution of the risk process at the time of ruin are obtained when the claim amount distribution is a finite mixture of exponential distributions or a Gamma (2, α) distribution.
