New Discovery and Zircon Hf Isotopic Composition of the Early Yanshannian Monzogranite in the Yingyangguan Group of Eastern Guangxi, China

Objective The Yingyangguan Group is widely exposed in the southwestern segment of boundary belt between Yangtze and Cathaysian blocks and is mainly composed of a suit of lower-grade metamorphic marine volcanoclastic- sedimentary rocks （Zhou Hanwen et al., 2002）. Its forming age and petrogenesis are critical for better understanding the orogenic process and relationship of the Yangtze and Cathaysian blocks since the Neoproterozoic. However, few zircon U-Pb ages of samples from the Yingyangguan Group have been reported, which are much debated, such as the metamorphic spilite （819±11 Ma）, keratophyre （415.1±2.1 Ma） and ignimbrite （821.3±3.9 Ma） （Tian Yang et al., 2015 and references in）. In this study, we focus on the new discovered Early Yanshannian monzogranite and its mafic enclaves from the Yingyangguan Group, and conducted zircon U-Pb dating and in-situ Hf isotopic analyses to constrain their petrogenesis.

A new discovery of The Early Cretaceous Supercritical Hyperpycnal Flow Deposits on Lingshan Island,East China

Objective Understanding the dynamics of sediment gravity flows is of great importance to correctly interpret their related deposits. The discovery of supercritical sediment gravity flows provides some new viewpoints for the explanation of controversial sediment gravity flow deposits. However, the dynamics, formation, evolution processes of supercritical sediment gravity flows and their recognition criteria from their associated deposits are still worldwide controversial. The supercritical hyperpycnal flow deposits recognized in the upper part of Early Cretaceous Lingshandao Formation provide a rare opporttmity to understand their sedimentary characteristics. This work is aimed at documenting the typical sedimentary structures associated with the supercritical hyperpycnal flow, and discussing the vertical stacking and its relationship with flow evolution.

Countermeasures and Prevention of Railway Traffic Accidents in the Early Days of the Founding of the People’s Republic of China

In the early days of the founding of the People’s Republic of China,in order to restore the national economy as soon as possible,the Communist Party of China carried out maintenance and repairs on the railways that caused serious damage to transportation tasks through war-torn smoke,and carried out large-scale railway construction.However,in the course of operation,railway safety accidents occur frequently due to outdated equipment,low quality of staff,lack of rules and regulations,vandalism,and various natural disasters.In the face of severe conditions,the railway authorities summed up the accidents and learned the safety of the railways,so that the railway transportation industry,which started after the founding of the country,was gradually on the right track,and laid a solid foundation for the safe development of the railway industry.

New Genus and Species of Fossil Dragonflies (Insecta: Odonata) from the Yixian Formation of Northeastern China

Two well-preserved fossil dragonflies from the Late Mesozoic Yixian Formation, Liaoning Province, China are described and assigned to a new genus, Sopholibellula gen. nov. in Araripelibellulidae Bechly, 1996, closely related to the type genus Araripelibellula. This new genus differs from AraripelibeUula in the following characters： origins of RP and MA distinctly separated at arculus in both pairs of wings; anal loop wider and shorter, with Y-shaped veins inside; MA and IR2 not zigzag; several small intercalary veins present in the postdiscoidal area of hindwing; cells smaller and much more dense, especially in the apex and hind margin; bigger in size. Structures, including head, abdomen and parts of legs, were first described in details of this family.

China's External Economic Environment in the Early New Century

Four Changes in World EconomyFirst,a new round of global economic growth is under way.In 2000,oil pricerose rapidly,stoek markets and exchange rates remained volatile and interestrates went up.All these disadvantages did not undermine the foundations of worldeconomy,and the average growth rate of global gross domestic product(GDP)

A new Eocene catostomid (Teleostei: Cypriniformes) from northeastern China and early divergence of Catostomidae

A new Eocene catostomid genus and species,Plesiomyxocyprinus arratiae, is described from Huadian, Jilin Province, northeastern China. The materials include a nearly complete skeleton, dozens of pharyngeal bones with teeth, and a number of disarticulated bones. The new articulated specimen is large-sized and deep-bodied, with an estimated standard length of ca. 300 mm and body depth of 156 mm or about half of its standard length. The assignment of the fish to the Catostomidae is based on its falciform pharyngeal bone with one row of numerous (more than 50) compressed teeth, and the bone is much smaller than in cyprinids, especially given the size of the fish. The new fish distinguishes itself from all known catostomids (both extinct and extant) in its long anal fin with four unbranched and 17-18 branched rays, and its extremely short caudal peduncle that is only about one fourth of its depth. Plesiomyxocyprinus arratiae resembles the Eocene-Oligocene transpacific-distributed Amyzon in many general skeletal characters. However, it shows a few characters uniquely shared with the Recent catostomid Myxocyprinus asiaticus. Those include a very long dorsal fin with about 50 branched fin rays, the end of dorsal fin rays being close to the caudal fin base, and anal rays stretching posteriorly beyond the base of caudal fin. It is the first fossil catostomid that shows a close relationship to the endemic Myxocyprinus now living in the Yangtze River and Minjiang River, China. The discovery of Plesiomyxocyprinus arratiae, along with two previously described possible catostomid genera Jianghanichthys and Vasnetzovia, may indicate that the divergence of the Catostomidae started much earlier, in the middle Eocene or earlier, on the western side of the Pacific than on its eastern side.

A new ichnotaxon of fossil bird track from the Early Cretaceous Tianjialou Formation (Barremian- Albian), Shandong Province, China

A single set of 5 bird tracks was discovered in the Tianjialou Formation (Barremian-Albian) of Junan County, Shandong Province, China. After careful study we infer that it is a new type of bird tracks, and a new ichnoge- nus was erected and the name Shandongornipes was given. The characteristics of the new bird track are as follows: Moderately large tetradactyl footprints with well-developed hallux impression. Track width (about 5.8 cm) almost equal to track length (excluding hallux); total length of track (in- cluding hallux) 8.7 cm. The digit impressions are slender, with distal ends showing long sharp claw marks. Hallux pos- teriorly-directed, and hallux impressions well-developed. Digits II, III and IV point anteriorly, exhibiting mesaxonic asymmetry: divarication angle between II and III much lar- ger than that of III and IV, the former ranging from 91° to 118°, and the latter less than 30°. Divarication between digits II and IV ranging from 128° to 142°. Without web structures. Digital pads recognizable, usually at least three in digits III and IV, but sometimes only two due to preservation. The trackway shows slight positive (inward) rotation of feet. The bird tracks occur in association with abundant dinosaur tracks, and are believed to have formed in flood plain environments.

A new early cyprinin from Oligocene of South China

Here we describe tHuashancyprinus robustispinus, gen. et sp. nov, a fossil cyprinin fish from the Oligocene of Ningming Ba- sin, Guangxi, South China. It differs from all other cyprinin fishes in the following apomorphic characters： extremely robust last unbranched dorsal and anal fin rays with very fine serrations along posterior edge, the crowns of pharyngeal teeth A2 and A3 with a number of deep grooves on the lateral wall, rather large A3, and relatively deep infraorbital 2. Among the members of the Tribe Cyprinini sensu stricto, it mostly resembles the extant genus Cyprinus, particularly to species Cyprinus micristius and C. fuxianensis, which are restricted to Yunnan, southwestern China. The discovery of the cyprinin Huashancyprinus from southern China, along with the previously known late Eocene tCyprinus maomingensis, indicates an early branching of the Cyprininae （Cyprinidae） in this area.

Atmospheric and Oceanic Oxygenation and Evolution of Early Life on Earth: New Contributions from China

The buildup of oxygen in the Earth＇s atmosphere and oceans has fundamentally reshaped the dynamics of nearly all major biogeochemical cycles and ultimately paved the way for the diversification of complex life on Earth. Over the past decades there have been sustained efforts to develop a more comprehensive understanding of ocean-atmosphere redox evolution and its relationship to the evolution of early life （Fig. 1）. It is generally accepted that the development of oxygenic photosynthesis at ~2.7 Ga may have been responsible for the Great Oxidation Event （GOE） at the beginning of the Proterozoic Eon, whereas a second big O2 rise at the end of the Proterozoic Eon （the so-called Neoproterozoic Oxidation Event or NOE） was responsible for the diversification of metazoans （Lyons et al., 2014）.

中华人民共和国成立初期民间药方的收集与影响

中华人民共和国成立初期,由中国共产党领导开展的民间药方收集是各级卫生部门贯彻落实党的中医政策的结果,也是社会主义医疗卫生事业的重要组成部分。党和政府凭借强大的组织体系和社会动员能力使药方收集工作得以在全国迅速展开,并取得了明显成效。药方收集的普遍开展,在保障人民群众生命健康、继承和发扬祖国医学遗产、推动我国医学科学事业的发展以及提升民众的爱国热情等方面,都产生了积极的影响。

新中国初期海南黎族苗族地区提高农业生产力措施研究

海南全岛解放后,党和政府根据黎族苗族地区经济社会文化实际,制定了一系列以经济-文化为主的政策措施,促进了海南黎族苗族地区由初期农耕社会-狩猎采集社会向农耕社会的转化,使得其农业生产力水平迅速提高、基础设施迅速改进、教育文化水平迅速提升、人民生活水平显著改善,迅速地拉近了与其他地区经济社会发展水平的距离,并为今后进一步发展奠定了基础。实践证明,这些政策措施,既符合农业社会的发展规律,又充分联系了黎族苗族地区的实际,因而在当时取得了良好的政策效益,其亦给当今推动海南黎族苗族地区的发展提供了很好的借鉴。

民初新式知识分子重释“天下兴亡匹夫有责”论

民初一些知识分子以报刊为阵地大声疾呼并努力诠释“天下兴亡匹夫有责”。他们赋予此一流行话语以时代新义,其中“天下”与“国家”由异趋同聚合为近代共和国,而“匹夫”则由传统臣民一跃而为近代国民。“天下”与“匹夫”的关系遂转变为国家与国民的新关系。而近代语境下的“匹夫有责”的“责”则凸显为自觉弘扬中华民族传统优秀道义精神,视其为天赋人权精神中应有之义,具体外现为职责、责任、良心与诚信等道德素养,蕴含着浓郁的政治文化与社会文化等价值诉求。这从一个侧面透露出“天下兴亡匹夫有责”渐成中国近代爱国主义的代名词。

新中国初期吕振羽论教师思想教育及其启示

吕振羽在新中国初期创办党领导的新型高校过程中,高度重视教师队伍建设,依据当时形势组织开展教师思想教育工作,就教师思想教育的必要性、教师思想教育内容、教师思想教育方法等,提出了富有创见意义的系列论述,并积累了丰富的实践经验,对当今时代高校建设及教师思想教育均具有重要启示价值。

新中国成立初期党提高公共卫生防疫能力的实践探索及启示研究

新中国成立初期,疫病频发,由于公共卫生防疫体系尚未健全,人居卫生环境条件恶劣,老百姓公共卫生防疫意识不强,我国应对突发性传染病的能力明显不足。通过制定正确的卫生工作方针、积极开展卫生防疫宣传、建立纵向的卫生防疫体系、实行科学的卫生防疫措施、动员开展清洁卫生运动等一系列实践探索,党领导公共卫生防疫的能力得到不断提升。深入研究这一时期的实践探索,有助于为新时代构建强大公共卫生体系、持续提高民众健康水平、推进健康中国建设提供重要启示。

润疆初澜:新中国成立初期新疆的出版发行事业

新中国成立初期,出版发行工作成为推动百废待兴的新疆各项事业发展的重要抓手。在党和国家行之有效的政策部署下,包括新华书店、新疆人民出版社等在内的出版发行机构迅速成立,为新疆出版发行事业的建设提供了坚实基础。考虑到国家建设的多重需要和新疆地区的现实条件,这一时期新疆出版发行的书刊以政治读物、经济文化实用书籍和教科书为主。为了提升出版发行工作的实效性,形成了党政机关给予大力支持、重视少数民族文字出版、推动送书下乡流动供应等特色经验。新中国成立初期新疆出版发行事业的发展不仅有效推动了政治意识提升、地区经济发展、文教事业进步,而且为“文化润疆”的更好开展提供了坚持党的领导、社会效益优先、以为人民服务为根本方向等时代启示。

新年画与新中国成立初期基层民众主流意识形态话语的塑造

新年画是一种兼具娱乐属性和思想政治教育功能的传播媒介,具有承载政治诉求、宣传新政策、传递新思想、展现新生活、传播主流意识形态等多重功能。新中国成立后,中国共产党将主流意识形态话语融入新年画的创作、传播中。具体来说,党通过组织建设、人才培养、学术探讨、展览活动等方式,努力做到新年画形式的通俗化和内容的日常化,再凭借新年画独特的图像符号叙事和艺术魅力深入民众生活的方方面面,对于实现民众的政治动员,推动马克思主义在全国范围的传播,转变社会风貌产生了积极影响,最终推动了主流意识形态话语的建构。

新中国成立初期“婚姻法下乡”及社会影响——以西南地区为中心的考察

新中国成立初期,党和政府将婚姻制度作为打破传统的突破口,“婚姻法下乡”使西南地区农村在法律上和形式上建立起了新婚姻制度,唤醒了民众的婚姻自主意识,遏制了妇女因婚姻问题被杀和自杀的现象,形成了新的、平等的男女婚姻关系。“婚姻法下乡”促进了妇女从旧式家庭中的解放,提高了妇女的经济地位和社会地位,重构了农村的婚姻家庭、社会关系,建构起民众的国家观念和政治认同,社会风气也随之发生了根本的转变。

新中国成立初期“糖衣炮弹”应对策略探析

新中国成立初期,资产阶级采取多种方式侵蚀党员领导干部,其发送“糖衣炮弹”的形式分为思想和物质两个层面。有一部分党员干部走上领导岗位后,经不住资产阶级“糖衣炮弹”的诱惑,走上腐化堕落的道路,严重损坏了党的健康肌体。为了保持党的纯洁性与先进性,中国共产党运用运动反腐和制度反腐两种方式进行了反腐败斗争,建立了中国历史上少有的政治清明时代,这对我们当前反侵蚀、反腐败斗争有着重要的现实启示意义和长远的借鉴价值。

新中国成立初期华北地区卫生防疫宣传工作考察

新中国成立初期,华北地区卫生环境恶劣,各种疫病仍在一些地区肆虐横行。华北地区党和政府带领人民群众在全区范围内开展了广泛而深入的卫生防疫宣传,宣传内容包括基本卫生常识、爱国卫生运动、妇幼保健、传染病防治等。在强大的宣传力量推动下,新中国卫生防疫事业取得了长足进步。新中国成立初期华北地区卫生防疫宣传工作取得巨大成绩的关键在于坚持党的领导、坚持群众路线、坚持科学防疫、坚持实事求是,这些宝贵的经验为做好新时代卫生防疫宣传工作提供了重要借鉴。

清末民初“新名词”的流行与文学革命

自鸦片战争以来,尤其甲午战争、戊戌变法以来,随着中外人员交往的日益频繁,新事物、新思想不断进入中国,产生了许多表现新事物、新概念的新名词。这些新名词产生以后,一方面是有识之士和普通大众的广泛使用,另一方面则是保守势力的反对和攻击。新名词在这种既受欢迎又被抵制的环境中,逐步渗透到汉语词汇系统中。这些新名词,既在观念层面,也在语言形式层面,极大地改变了现代汉语词汇体系,为文学革命的成功和新文学的发生奠定了语言基础。