Focus of the Construction of the Ecological Civilization in Socialism with Chinese Characteristics in the New Era

Marx and Engels related and analyzed the relationship between humans and nature as early as more than 100 years ago. and they revealed the interdependent and indivisible relationship between humans and nature in the development of the human society and history from the perspectives of the dialectical materialism and the historical materialism. The Communist Party of China has always attached great importance to the ecological problems. The ＂17th CPC National Congress＂ wrote for the first time the ＂ecological civilization＂ into the political report. The ＂18th CPC National Congress＂ placed the construction of the ecological civilization in a prominent position, emphasizing that the ecological construction should be integrated into all aspects and the whole process of the economic construction, the political construction, the cultural construction and the social construction. The report of ＂19th CPC National Congress＂ promoted the construction of the ecological civilization to a new strategic level, and made an Omni-directional discussion from a new height, the new goals. the new values, the new roles and the new initiatives and other aspects.

Will Hunting Wildlife Harm the Ecological Balance of Nature?

The Expert Committee of Wild Animal Hunting,an organization under the State Forestry Administration of China,recently approved a group of foreign hunters’applications to shoot wildlife in China. The news has gained much attention across the country. The application was submitted by two domestic travel agencies on behalf of seven foreign hunters,who plan to shoot nine blue sheep and seven Tibetan gazelles in an international hunting ground in west China’s Qinghai Province. Despite the expert committee’s approval,however,the hunters still can’t fire a shot in China until they get an official license from the State Forestry Administration.According to recent news,the administration has declined the application. In China,blue sheep and Tibetan gazelles are ranked as Class 2

Ecological Approaches to Urban Migration of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region

With the approach of the second water storage of the Three Gorges Project, urban migration has become a great concern. However, being influenced by economical, social or other factors, ecological problems have apparently become pressing. All these problems are exerting great impact upon the speed and quality of new city’s or town’s construction. By means of ecology, urban ecology, landscape ecology, human settlement science as well as the principle of sustainable development, this paper analyzes the ecological problems in urban migration, and the corresponding approaches in order to promote ecological environment construction of new cities and give an impetus to sustainable development of the whole human settlements in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region.

An Investigation Into Career Development Contexts of University Russian Language Teachers in China(1949-2019)From the Perspective of Ecological Theory

Although much research has been conducted on the interactions between the career development of foreign language teachers and their contexts around the world,a literature review reveals that there exists scanty research on the relationship between university Russian language teachers’career development and their contexts in China since 1949.Based on relevant studies on the career development of foreign language teachers and the ecological theory,this paper involves research on the impact that different ecological systems(micro-,meso-,macro-and exo-ones)have played in the career development of Russian language teachers in China.Participants are 10 Chinese Russian teachers of different ages from different universities in different parts of China.Via literature review,narration methods and semi-structured(in-depth)interviews with the help of NVivo,this research finds that Russian language teachers’career development results from multi-faceted interactions of the following contexts:ideology,Russian language educational policies and personal factors as well as college contexts.This paper concludes with some suggestions for improving Russian language teachers’career development in China.

An Exploration of Richard Powers’Ecological Thoughts in His The Echo Maker

Richard Powers is one of American famous contemporary writers,a rising star of American postmodernist fiction,and one of the representatives of the Generation Xers as well.He explores the impacts of some factors such as ecological environment,social culture,and family ethics on our modern society by use of his abundant knowledge about gene engineer,neurology,family ethics,etc.From the perspective of Marxism ecological philosophy,this paper deeply analyses The Echo Maker,Richard Powers’masterpiece and interrelates the ecological thoughts implied in this novel.This work criticizes anthropocentrism and expresses the priority of nature.Human being is part of nature which our human being bases on and human being is closely related with nature.Human being should develop ecological consciousness,respect and care nature,and try every means to keep benign interaction with nature in order to build a stable and harmonious global community.

The Effect of Anthropogenic Increase on the Earth as a Life-Support System for Mankind

Exponential increase of anthropogenic impact （human population number, some technological parameters） becomes menacing for biosphere functioning. Anyway, we should be able to estimate quantitatively limits of our impact on functional parameters of the biosphere. Considering biosphere as a natural life-support system （LSS）, we can receive the helpful information for working out and creation of artificial LSS of various types. Big biotic cycle induced with flows of a solar energy, is a basis of functioning of the biosphere and its basic cells-ecosystems. It＇s possible to summarize briefly the main functional and structural properties of the biosphere： integrity, closure, substance cycling, steady state, energy dependence and biodiversity. These properties of the biosphere, as a LSS, ensure potentially everlasting life under the conditions of a limited quantity of substrate suitable for the life on the planet. Ecological Footprint （EF） as a quantitative measure of anthropogenic impact on biosphere functioning is discussed in the paper. The index of the ecological reliability （IER） is introduced as a quantitative ecological indicator of different territories. The comparative dynamics of the United Nations＇ Human Development Index （HDI） and EF is discussed. The vital goal of sustainable human development： all humans can have opportunity to fulfill their lives without degrading the biosphere. To support sustainability, we should try to develop each nation and the mankind as a whole with a high HDI and a low ecological footprint. It means to have high level of HDI at low level of EF. But current tendency of economical and social development shows that the higher HDI is, the bigger EF is. EF of mankind is growing menacingly. Now actual pressure of the human civilization of our planet （2010） upon 50% exceeds its potential possibilities biological capacity （BC）, measured on the area ＂global＂ green hectares）. It means that we need 1.5 planets of the Earth＇s type. It leads to ecological incident in the scale of biosphere. Our biosphere is the large, multilevel, hierarchically organized system, and our civilization is only a part of it. This part is not central; it can disappear for ever, if we do not cope to be included in the biosphere as a great system.

A large carbon sink induced by the implementation of the largest afforestation program on Earth

Background Three-North Afforestation Program(TNAP)in China is the largest ecological restoration project on Earth(ongoing from 1978 to 2050),harboring a huge area of newly planted forests,which provides a wealth of goods and ecosystem services that benefit society at levels ranging from region to East Asia.This project-induced carbon(C)sink has been expected to be large,but its size and location remain uncertain.Results In this study,we investigated the changes in the C stocks of biomass,soil C and the C accumulation ben-efited from the ecological effects in the project areas from 1978 to 2017 within the Three-North regions(4.069×10^(6)km^(2)),and evaluated its project-induced C sequestration.Using a combination of remote sensing images,field obser-vations and national forest inventory data,we estimated a total ecosystem sink of 47.06 Tg C per year(1 Tg=10^(12)g)increased by the TNAP implementation.Importantly,we first found that the C sink via the ecological effects of this project could contribute to a high proportion up to 15.94%,indicating a critical role of ecological effects in shaping the distribution of C stocks in the protective forests.This finding suggests that it is necessary to explicitly consider carbon sequestration benefited from the ecological effects when estimating C sink and parameterizing C models of the restoration projects in China and globally.Conclusions Our results update the estimates of C pools in the world’s largest ecological restoration project area,demonstrating that this project has substantially contributed to mitigating the climate change.