Study on the squeezing effect of open-ended pipe piles

During the installation of a pipe pile,the soil around the pile will be squeezed out. This paper deals with this squeezing effect of open-ended pipe piles using the cylindrical cavity expansion theory. The characteristics of soil with different tension and compression moduli and dilation are involved by applying the elastic theory with different moduli and logarithmic strain. The closed-form solutions of the radius of the plastic region,the displacement of the boundary between the plastic region and the elastic region and the expansion pressure on the external surface of the pipe piles are obtained. When obtaining these solutions,the soil plug in the open-ended pipe pile is considered by employing an incremental filling ratio to quantify the degree of soil plugging. Moreover,the effects of the ratio of tension and compression moduli,angle of dilation and incremental filling ratio on the radius of the plastic region and the expansion pressure on the external surface of the pipe pile are investigated. The parametric analyses show that it is necessary and important to consider the difference between the tension modulus and compression modulus,dilation angle and incremental filling ratio for studying the squeezing effect of open-ended pipe pile installation. It is concluded that the analytical solutions presented in this paper are suitable for studying the squeezing effect of open-ended pipe piles.

Design and Optimization of New Smoke Exhaust Pipe for Mining Trucks

In order to improve the maintenance efficiency,extend the use time,ensure that the exhaust emission meets the standard,forthe 830E truck heating bucket exhaust pipe design defects,the current single smoke exhaust system is transformed into atime period,convertible smoke exhaust system.After the transformation,it can not only realize the side row to prevent direct corrosion of the box bucket in summer,but also realize the heating of the box bucket at low temperature in winter to prevent snow and ice and frozen blocks from sticking to the box bucket and the materials transported.After the transformation can save a lot of manpower,material resources,financial resources,improve the service life.

Theoretical Assessment of Burst Failure of Internally Pressurized Defect-Free Pipelines with Plastic Anisotropy

In the framework of finite deformation theory, the burst failure analysis of end-opened defect-free pipes with plastic anisotropy under internal pressure is carried out. The analytical solutions of burst pressure and the corresponding equivalent stress and strain are obtained for thin-walled pipes, which can take into account the effects of material plastic anisotropy and strain hardening exponent. The influences of plastic anisotropy on the burst pressure and the corresponding equivalent stress and strain are discussed. It is shown that the burst pressure and the corresponding equivalent stress and strain are dependent upon the plastic anisotropy of material, and the degree of dependence is related to the strain hardening exponent of material. In addition, the effects of the strain hardening exponent on burst failure are investigated.

Nonplanar post-buckling analysis of simply supported pipes conveying fluid with an axially sliding downstream end

In this study,the nonplanar post-buckling behavior of a simply supported fluid-conveying pipe with an axially sliding downstream end is investigated within the framework of a three-dimensional(3 D)theoretical model.The complete nonlinear governing equations are discretized via Galerkin’s method and then numerically solved by the use of a fourth-order Runge-Kutta integration algorithm.Different initial conditions are chosen for calculations to show the nonplanar buckling characteristics of the pipe in two perpendicular lateral directions.A detailed parametric analysis is performed in order to study the influence of several key system parameters such as the mass ratio,the flow velocity,and the gravity parameter on the post-buckling behavior of the pipe.Typical results are presented in the form of bifurcation diagrams when the flow velocity is selected as the variable parameter.It is found that the pipe will stay at its original straight equilibrium position until the critical flow velocity is reached.Just beyond the critical flow velocity,the pipe would lose stability by static divergence via a pitchfork bifurcation,and two possible nonzero equilibrium positions are generated.It is shown that the buckling and post-buckling behaviors of the pipe cannot be influenced by the mass ratio parameter.Unlike a pipe with two immovable ends,however,the pinned-pinned pipe with an axially sliding downstream end shows some different features regarding post-buckling behaviors.The most important feature is that the buckling amplitude of the pipe with an axially sliding downstream end would increase first and then decrease with the increase in the flow velocity.In addition,the buckled shapes of the pipe varying with the flow velocity are displayed in order to further show the new post-buckling features of the pipe with an axially sliding downstream end.

Design and Experiment for Exhaust Pipes of Pressure Wave Supercharged Diesel Engine

NOx and soot emissions from diesel engines can be greatly reduced by pressure wave supercharging(PWS).The diesel engine matched with PWS needs redesigning its exhaust pipes.Except for meeting the installation requirements,the exhaust gas must be stable in pressure before rushing into PWS.In this paper the lateral and center ported divergent exhaust pipes are designed,modeled geometrically and analyzed structurally based on a 3-D design software-CATIA to determine the structure of two exhaust pipes having the required inner volume.Then flow analysis for two exhaust pipes is done using a flow analysis software-ANASYS.Moreover,the optimal exhaust pipes are determined comprehensively and cast for engine test.Engine test results show that PWS is superior to turbocharging at low engine speeds and inferior to turbocharging in power and emissions at medium-to-high engine speeds.The performance of PWS engine under high speed operating conditions can be improved by contriving larger surge volume intake and exhaust pipes.

Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) in China: Progress and Prospects of Research on Treatment Technologies and Policy Provisions

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are an atmospheric pollutant with a boiling point of 50˚C - 260˚C at room temperature and pressure. They are precursors of sulfur dioxide and ozone, which can seriously pollute the atmosphere and endanger human health. After the “14th Five-Year Plan”, VOCs, instead of SO2, became one of the five indicators of China’s atmospheric governance. As a result, the government’s efforts to control VOCs have increased significantly. VOCs governance mustn’t be delayed. This paper provides a comprehensive summary and analysis of VOCs governance, covering the classification of VOCs, analysis of VOC governance technology (with a focus on end-of-pipe governance technology), national policy regulations, current governance shortcomings, and a forward-looking perspective on the future direction of VOCs governance, emphasizing healthy and sustainable development.

An improved outer pipe method for expansive pressure measurement of static cracking agents

Static cracking agent(SCA)is actively investigated as an alternative to explosive blasting for rock breakage due to its immense expansion property.SCA can eliminate the negative effects of shock,noise and harmful gases encountered in explosive blasting processes.Accurate measurement and deep understanding of the expansive properties of SCAs are important in their industrial application.An improved outer pipe method(OPM),termed the upper end surface method(UESM),is proposed in this paper to overcome the shortcomings of the OPM in the expansive pressure measurement of SCAs.Numerical simulation is used to proof the concept and a mathematical model established to relate the internal pressure and the radial strains at different positions in the upper end surface method test equipment.The new equipment is calibrated using oil pressure and strain measurements.The calibrated equipment is then used to measure the expansion pressure of SCA at three different water contents to proof its potential.The differences in the measurements with OPM and UESM at three different moisture contents are less than 4%.The experimental results confirm the accuracy and applicability of the more user friendly and less expensive UESM in the measurement of the expansive pressures of SCAs.

企业数字化转型对环境社会责任的影响研究--“末端治理”还是“源头控制”?

本文基于2006—2020年我国A股上市企业数据,考察企业数字化转型对企业环境社会责任的影响及机制。研究发现:企业数字化转型对企业“源头控制”环境社会责任有显著正向影响,对“末端治理”环境社会责任有显著负向影响,并实现了企业从“末端治理”向“源头控制”的转变。实证结论在经一系列稳健性检验与内生性处理后依然成立。机制分析发现,数字化转型能通过员工绿色行为、企业环境社会关注意愿及全要素生产率影响企业的环境社会责任。调节效应发现,公司治理与融资成本能进一步调节数字化转型对两种环境社会责任的影响。异质性分析发现,数字化转型对非国有、高环境规制及高学历高管在承担“源头控制”环境社会责任上有着更显著的影响。动机分析发现,企业之所以从“末端治理”向“源头控制”环境社会责任的转变,其动机在于后者对企业价值有着更为显著的正向影响,而数字化转型在其中会进一步强化这一影响。

基于三维流动的弯管模型的建立及流场分析

排气歧管是发动机的必要零部件之一,对发动机的性能有很大的影响。文章对排气歧管的弯曲管进行了研究,建立了弯管内气体流动的理论模型,利用FLUENT软件对弯管内气体流动状况进行了仿真,然后对两种弯曲管道(90°-56°管和90°-90°管)中的气体进行了对比分析。结果表明,90°-90°管道内的气体速度分布、压力分布和流线分布更为均匀,流动分离面积和涡流相对较小,速度均匀系数更接近于1,对柴油机进气的影响较小,柴油机的动力性能得以充分发挥。

SOFIM柴油机气波增压研究

将SOFIM涡轮增压中冷柴油机改造成气波增压中冷柴油机。匹配气波增压器的柴油机需重新设计进、排气管,根据气波增压的要求,采用进气均匀性更好、总管容积更大的进气管及中央出口渐扩式排气管,采用变频电机优化增压器转子与曲轴间的传动速比,使得在整个发动机工况内均能实现较高的增压比。试验结果表明,气波增压柴油机的动力性和排放性能在低转速下优于原机,在中高转速下比原机差,通过设计容量更大的进、排气管及进一步优化速比可改善气波增压柴油机在高工况下的性能。

支管排烟作用下双层隧道顶棚温度分布试验研究

针对下层隧道采用支管排烟模式的双层盾构隧道,通过开展缩尺寸模型试验对烟气温度分布进行系统研究,探讨火源功率、排烟口开启方案(排烟口数量和距离)和排烟量等关键因素对火灾烟气温度分布的影响。结果表明:随着排烟口距离的增加,顶棚烟气温度逐渐升高;开启距离火源最近的两个排烟口时,顶棚烟气温度最低;随着排烟量的增大,在远离火源的区域顶棚烟气温度逐渐降低;火源上下游顶棚下方温度沿隧道纵向呈现指数衰减规律,在不同的排烟量和火源功率下,相对温度衰减ΔT_(x)/ΔT_(max)的值变化不大。通过对试验数据进行拟合分析,推导出支管排烟模式下,火源上下游顶棚烟气温度纵向衰减预测模型。

建筑管道排烟系统设计要点探究

通过对建筑管道排烟系统设计的要点进行探究,包括建筑特点和使用需求分析、系统设计和计算方法应用、施工过程中的注意事项、设备安装和连接方式、烟气产生量和速度的计算、风机选型和功率计算、定期检查和清洁、故障排除和维修方法、系统更新和升级的考虑等内容。通过案例分析,将理论知识与实际工程相结合,深入探讨了建筑管道排烟系统设计的关键要点。

抽水蓄能电站回水排气管道能量特性及流动特性研究

当抽水蓄能电站在调相工况结束时,对转轮室中的高压气体进行排气的过程中经常会出现机械振动造成损坏厂房设备的情况。以仙居抽水蓄能电站回水排气系统模型为基础,借助流体计算软件Ansys Fluent,以抽水蓄能电站回水排气系统总管的直径为单一变量,对排气系统的流场特点和管道内流场能量特性、流动特性进行研究,揭示排气总管在不同直径时气体运动特点的变化,并分析流场各处截面的气体运动特征参数,得出气体沿管道的能量变化特征。结果表明:随着直径的增加,气体运动损耗的能量逐渐增加;排气流量并不是随着管道直径的增大而一直增大,当总管直径增加到一定值后,管道流量不会出现明显变化。

小角度缠绕复合材料护岸管桩抗弯性能试验与设计

本文提出一种新型复合材料护岸管桩。该护岸管桩由纤维缠绕工艺制备的复合材料缠绕管制成。通过四点弯曲试验,得到试件的破坏模式以及荷载-位移关系,以此分析缠绕角度±55°、±15°以及是否浇筑混凝土对护岸管桩抗弯性能影响。结果表明:纤维缠绕角度由55°减小为15°与浇筑混凝土都能极大提高复合材料护岸管桩的刚度和抗弯承载力。在此基础上进行复合材料护岸管桩嵌固端深度计算公式推导,并给出护岸管桩的设计流程以及应用建议。这为之后复合材料护岸管桩应用于护岸工程提供了参考。

典型软土地层不同端头形式管廊基坑的变形规律

为研究软土区不同端头形式管廊基坑的变形规律,以典型软土区中山科学城管廊深基坑工程为背景,分析基坑围护结构的水平位移和地表沉降的变化规律。研究表明:围护结构的水平位移自坑角起逐渐增大,最终趋于稳定。基坑周围存在易塌陷区域,地表沉降自坑角起先增大后减小,最终趋于稳定。90°对称端头、120°非对称端头和150°非对称端头形式管廊基坑围护结构的水平位移均自坑角起逐渐增大,分别在距坑角5.4H_(e)(H_(e)为基坑开挖深度)、8H_(e)、5.3H_(e)处趋于稳定,地表沉降分别在距坑角6H_(e)、8.3H_(e)、5.7H_(e)处趋于稳定,易塌陷区域分别为距坑角1.0H_(e)~6.0H_(e)、3.57H_(e)~7.57H_(e)、2.14H_(e)~5.14H_(e)处,研究结果为软土区管廊基坑施工过程中控制基坑变形提供参考。

高应变动测技术在如东海域大直径钢管桩基工程中的应用研究

基于江苏如东海域三根大直径敞口钢管桩的初打和复打高应变动测试验数据,提出了适用于该海域的桩端折减系数η的推荐值和承载力恢复计算公式,为该海域大直径钢管桩基础的承载力评估提供了技术依据。敞口钢管桩高应变试验数据显示,试验桩侧阻力的恢复系数都远大于端阻力的,且桩侧阻力随时间增长显著,但端阻力的增长却很小。基于此,推荐如东海域大直径敞开钢管桩的桩端阻力折减系数η取0.05进行估算。此外,通过桩基土体恢复和增长机理探讨,提出桩基承载力恢复计算公式,且验证误差在10%以内。

天然气立式排气管失效原因与机理分析

为了分析某采气厂立式排气管的失效原因和腐蚀机理,对排气管进行了宏观腐蚀形貌分析、力学分析、断口形貌观察、腐蚀产物分析。结果表明:该排气管道发生了CO_(2)和H_(2)S的协同腐蚀。在失效天然气管道中,S和C元素含量较高,管道结构中含有硫化物、碳化物等夹杂物,这是造成管道腐蚀的主要原因。排气管中的S^(2-)与Fe^(2+)、Cr^(2+)等金属离子结合,形成酸性挥发性硫化物,阻碍钝化膜的生长,同时酸化的S^(2-)进一步加剧保护膜的劣化。CO_(2)、O_(2)和H_(2)O与管道接触发生腐蚀,产生了较为疏松的聚集态腐蚀产物,最终导致管道的腐蚀。该研究结果可为天然气管道腐蚀防护提供参考。

316L/X65复合管管端的耐腐蚀性研究

对油气管道用316L/X65双金属机械复合管管端进行了微观组织分析、成分分析及晶间腐蚀、点腐蚀测试。结果表明,复合管的化学成分符合条件,性能都满足要求。复合管管端堆焊层分为内外两层,Inconel625堆焊层组织主要为奥氏体组织,外层相比内层晶粒更细小,因内层堆焊层的阻隔作用,外层堆焊层没有受到X65基管的影响,保持了良好的耐蚀性能,复合管管端晶间腐蚀测试符合工程应用要求,耐点蚀性能由低到高的顺序为316L-Inconel625焊接区<316L衬管<Inconel625堆焊层,温度升高显著降低管端的耐点蚀性能。316L衬管与Inconel625堆焊层之间的焊接区因电偶作用,使得316L更易发生腐蚀。

不同注气成分置驱瓦斯效果数值模拟研究

注气促抽瓦斯的注气成分主要有N_(2),CO_(2)和空气,但目前针对不同注入成分的置驱效果对比研究较少。针对该问题,建立了考虑裂隙气体渗流和基质孔隙气体扩散的注气成分置驱瓦斯数学模型,在对该模型验证的基础上,模拟注入气体置驱煤样瓦斯气体过程,并对比研究相同注气压力和煤体渗透率条件下不同注气成分(N_(2),CO_(2)和空气)对瓦斯的置驱效果。结果表明:①相同注气时间下,从注气端到排气端,注入气体的体积分数逐渐降低,在注气端附近注入气体的体积分数最高;瓦斯体积分数逐渐增加,在排气端附近瓦斯体积分数最高;随着注气时间增加,注入气体的体积分数增加区域逐渐向排气端移动直至覆盖整个煤样,瓦斯体积分数降低区域也逐渐向排气端移动直至覆盖整个煤样,表明煤样中的瓦斯逐渐被置换出来,进而被驱替出整个煤样。②在相同注气时间内,从注气端到排气端,N_(2),CO_(2)和空气3种注入气体体积分数和瓦斯体积分数具有相似的变化规律,即从注气端到排气端,注入气体体积分数逐渐降低、瓦斯体积分数逐渐升高,随着注气时间增加,注入气体的体积分数增高区域增加。相同注气时间、煤样相同位置处注入气体的体积分数和瓦斯体积分数互补,即相加为100%。③3种注入气体对瓦斯的置驱效果排序为CO_(2)>空气>N_(2)。④对排气端气体的体积分数分析可知,排气端气体的体积分数随时间变化可分为突破阶段、平衡进行阶段和置驱完成阶段。不同注入气体3个阶段持续时间不同,注入N_(2)突破时间和置驱完成时间分别为30,90 min;注入CO_(2)突破时间和置驱完成时间分别为20,80 min;注入空气突破时间和置驱完成时间分别为28,87 min。⑤在现场应用时,应根据具体煤层的吸附解吸能力、煤层自燃特性等选择合适的注入气体。

船舶发电机组排烟管系低振动设计及试验

为降低排烟管系振动和噪声传递到船体结构和附近舱室,需对其进行低振动设计,在考虑减振的基础上,考虑排烟管系的自振频率,选择合适减振元件,采用有限元分析方法计算排烟管系的模态,并在实船上进行隔振效果的测试验证。实船结果表明,在10~10 kHz频段范围内,排烟管系减振装置有较好的隔振效果,隔振效果达到15 dB以上;并有效避免了整个系统共振的发生而导致设备破坏和产生严重的振动噪声现象。