Trust-based co-operative routing for secure communication in mobile ad hoc networks

The working of a Mobile Ad hoc NETwork(MANET)relies on the supportive cooperation among the network nodes.But due to its intrinsic features,a misbehaving node can easily lead to a routing disorder.This paper presents two trust-based routing schemes,namely Trust-based Self-Detection Routing(TSDR)and Trust-based Cooperative Routing(TCOR)designed with an Ad hoc On-demand Distance Vector(AODV)protocol.The proposed work covers a wide range of security challenges,including malicious node identification and prevention,accurate trust quantification,secure trust data sharing,and trusted route maintenance.This brings a prominent solution for mitigating misbehaving nodes and establishing efficient communication in MANET.It is empirically validated based on a performance comparison with the current Evolutionary Self-Cooperative Trust(ESCT)scheme,Generalized Trust Model(GTM),and the conventional AODV protocol.The extensive simulations are conducted against three different varying network scenarios.The results affirm the improved values of eight popular performance metrics overcoming the existing routing schemes.Among the two proposed works,TCOR is more suitable for highly scalable networks;TSDR suits,however,the MANET application better with its small size.This work thus makes a significant contribution to the research community,in contrast to many previous works focusing solely on specific security aspects,and results in a trade-off in the expected values of evaluation parameters and asserts their efficiency.

Optimizing Spatial Crowdsourcing:A Quality-Aware Task Assignment Approach for Mobile Communication

The widespread use of advanced electronic devices has led to the emergence of spatial crowdsourcing,a method that taps into collective efforts to perform real-world tasks like environmental monitoring and traffic surveillance.Our research focuses on a specific type of spatial crowdsourcing that involves ongoing,collaborative efforts for continuous spatial data acquisition.However,due to limited budgets and workforce availability,the collected data often lacks completeness,posing a data deficiency problem.To address this,we propose a reciprocal framework to optimize task assignments by leveraging the mutual benefits of spatiotemporal subtask execution.We introduce an entropy-based quality metric to capture the combined effects of incomplete data acquisition and interpolation imprecision.Building on this,we explore a quality-aware task assignment method,corresponding to spatiotemporal assignment strategies.Since the assignment problem is NP-hard,we develop a polynomial-time algorithm with the guaranteed approximation ratio.Novel indexing and pruning techniques are proposed to further enhance performance.Extensive experiments conducted on datasets validate the effectiveness of our methods.

Analysis of handoff in distributed mobile communications system based on remote antenna unit selection

A remote antenna unit （RAU） selection model is presented, and two kinds of handoffs, intra-cell handoff （HO） and inter-cell HO, are defined in distributed mobile communications systems （DAS）. After that, an inter-cell HO model is proposed, in which the average power of the active set （AS） is used to predict the position of the mobile station （MS）. The total power of the AS and the handoff set （HOS） are utilized to determine whether an inter-cell HO is necessary. Furthermore, the relationship between HO parameters and performance metrics is studied in detail based on RAU selection. Simulation results show that both the intra-cell HO and the inter-cell HO can achieve oerfect performance by aoprooriate settings of HO parameters.

System Integration of Terrestrial Mobile Communication and Satellite Communication——The Trends, Challenges and Key Technologies in B5G and 6G

Mobile communication standards have been developed into a new era of B5G and 6G.In recent years,low earth orbit(LEO)satellites and space Internet have become hot topics.The integrated satellite and terrestrial systems have been widely discussed by industries and academics,and even are expected to be applied in those huge constellations in construction.This paper points out the trends of two stages towards system integration of the terrestrial mobile communication and the satellite communications:to be compatible with 5G,and to be integrated within 6G.Based on analysis of the challenges of both stages,key technologies are thereafter analyzed in detail,covering both air interface currently discussed in 3GPP for B5G and also novel network architecture and related transmission technologies toward future 6G.

An Energy Efficient Design for UAV Communication With Mobile Edge Computing

This paper considers a UAV communication system with mobile edge computing(MEC).We minimize the energy consumption of the whole system via jointly optimizing the UAV's trajectory and task assignment as well as CPU's computational speed under the set of resource constrains.To this end,we first derive the energy consumption model of data processing,and then obtain the energy consumption model of fixed-wing UAV's flight.The optimization problem is mathematically formulated.To address the problem,we first obtain the approximate optimization problem by applying the technique of discrete linear state-space approximation,and then transform the non-convex constraints into convex by using linearization.Furthermore,a concave-convex procedure(CCCP) based algorithm is proposed in order to solve the optimization problem approximately.Numerical results show the efficacy of the proposed algorithm.

Mobile Jammer-Aided Secure UAV Communications via Trajectory Design and Power Control

To further promote the achievable average secrecy rate for UAV-ground communications, a UAV-aided mobile jamming strategy was proposed in this paper. Specifically, an additional cooperative UAV is employed as a mobile jammer to transmit the jamming signal to help keep the source UAV closer to the ground destination, thus establishing more favorable legitimate link and enhancing the secrecy performance. We aimed to maximize the achievable secrecy rate by jointly optimizing the trajectories and transmit power of both source UAV and jammer UAV. To solve the considered non-convex optimization problem, we presented a block coordinate descent based iterative algorithm to address a sequence of approximated convex problems for the optimized parameter block by block to find a local optimal solution. Numerical results verify that the proposed algorithm can achieve significant secrecy rate gain compared to all the benchmark schemes.

Mobile Edge Communications, Computing, and Caching(MEC3) Technology in the Maritime Communication Network

With the increasing maritime activities and the rapidly developing maritime economy, the fifth-generation(5G) mobile communication system is expected to be deployed at the ocean. New technologies need to be explored to meet the requirements of ultra-reliable and low latency communications(URLLC) in the maritime communication network(MCN). Mobile edge computing(MEC) can achieve high energy efficiency in MCN at the cost of suffering from high control plane latency and low reliability. In terms of this issue, the mobile edge communications, computing, and caching(MEC3) technology is proposed to sink mobile computing, network control, and storage to the edge of the network. New methods that enable resource-efficient configurations and reduce redundant data transmissions can enable the reliable implementation of computing-intension and latency-sensitive applications. The key technologies of MEC3 to enable URLLC are analyzed and optimized in MCN. The best response-based offloading algorithm(BROA) is adopted to optimize task offloading. The simulation results show that the task latency can be decreased by 26.5’ ms, and the energy consumption in terminal users can be reduced to 66.6%.

STUDY ON BEIJING'S EMERGING MOBILE COMMUNICATION INDUSTRIAL CLUSTER AND ITSPOLICY IMPLICATIONS

This paper is a preliminary and illustrative case study of Beijing's emergingmobile communication industrial (MCI) cluster, which helps understand the cluster by qualitativeanalysis and description. Beijing's MCI cluster is emerging as far as the competence of the industryand its spatial concentration are concerned, although it is not the type of the cluster describedby PORTER due to the low competence of indigenous firms. The formation of the cluster can beexplained by means of the factor and demand conditions of Beijing. However, it is mostly determinedby the multinationals that promote the growth of the industry and the formation of the cluster, andby the government that also plays a key role in many ways. As a matter of fact, the interactionbetween the multinationals and the local government is the key to understanding the formation of thecluster. All in all, Beijing's emerging MCI cluster is a value-chain, geographically concentratedbut non-localized cluster, which is highly dominated by the multinationals and the local government.Its special characteristics bear some policy implications as to the change of the roles of thelocal government and the localization of multinationals, etc.

ENERGY-EFFICIENT MICROWAVE COMPONENTS FOR MOBILE COMMUNICATION

In the coexisted world of 3G,4G,5G and many other specialized wireless communication systems,billions of connections could be existing for various information transmission types.Unluckily,data show that the increase of network capacity is heavily more than the increase of the network energy efficiency in recent years,which could lead to more energy consumption per transmitted bit in the future network.As basic units in mobile communication systems,microwave/RF components and modules play key roles

5G Green Mobile Communication Networks

With the popularization of wireless multimedia communications,the wireless traffic is predicated to be increased more than 1000time in the next decade.Some new technologies,e.g.,massive multi.input multi.output antennas,millimeter wave and small

Simulation of Radio Path Strength for Multipath Propagation in Land Mobile Communications

Based on the characteristics of the radio propagation in land mobile communications environment, a theoretical model for the reflecting(scattering) number of each radio path is derived firstly. This model can be used to predict the variation of radio path strength, which is important for practical mobile communications engineering. Using this model, a method for simulating radio path strength is developed, with numerical results presented.

A Distributed Cooperative Localization Algorithm for Mobile Multi-platforms Oriented to Unpredicted Communication Topology

The cooperative localization(CL)is affected by the communication topology among the platforms.Based on the unscented Kalman filtering,the distributed CL(DCL)oriented to the unpredicted communication topology is investigated.To improve the adaptability,the character of the look-up Cholesky decomposition is exploited for the covariance matrix decomposing.Then,the distributed U transformation can be dynamically implemented according to the available communication topology.In the proposed algorithm,the global information is not required for the individual,and only the available information from the neighbor is used.Each platform’s state can be estimated independently.The error covariance of the state estimates can be updated in the single platform.The algorithm is adaptive to any serial communication topologies where the measuring to the measured platform is a starting path.The applicability of the proposed algorithm to unpredicted communication topology is improved,remaining equivalent localization performance to free connection communication.

Analysis of reflected signal of quad rotor UAV based on model fitting in mobile communication system

In view of the many scenes of unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)detection,a third-party signal source is used to design a receiver to monitor the UAV.It is of great significance to understand the reflection of the signal illuminating the UAV.Taking the communication base station(BS)signal as the third-party signal source,and considering the complete transmission link,reflection changes and loss fading of the communication signal,this study conducts model fitting for irregular UAV targets,simplifying complex targets into a combination of simple targets.Furthermore,the influence of the dielectric constant of the target surface and the signal irradiation angle on the signal reflection is analyzed.The analysis shows that the simulation results of this model fitting method are consistent with the results of other literature,which provides theoretical support for the detection of low and slow small targets such as UAVs.

Future Mobile Terminal and Network Access Architecture for China 4G Open Mobile Communications

This paper relates to an advanced open mobile communication system and method of integrating the mobile communications, wireless access systems and wired communications into one common platform architecture for China's 4th generation mobile communications, supporting costeffective broadband voice, data and video services in wireless, mobile and wired environment with one single integrated mobile terminal device. The paper includes new architecture in the integrated mobile device and converged network access, and minimum modifi cation in the existing mobile telecommunication infrastructures. This paper introduces the long-term evolution strategy for China's TDD system platform towards China's future 4G mobile communications.

Forecasting promising technology using analysis of patent information:Focused on next generation mobile communications

In order to forecast promising technologies in the field of next generation mobile communication, various patent indicators were analyzed such as citation per patent, patent family information, patent share, increase rate, and patent activity. These indicators were quantified into several indexes and then integrated into an evaluation score to provide promising technologies. As a result of the suggested patent analysis, four technologies out of twenty two in details classification were selected, which showed outstanding technology competitiveness, high patent share and increasing rates as well as high recent-patent-ratios and triad-patent-family-ratios. Each of the selected technologies scored more than 10 points in total, and the following four technologies were suggested as promising ones in the field of next generation mobile communication: 1) 3GPP based mobile communication, 2) beyond 4G mobile communication, 3) IEEE 802.16 based mobile communication, which are in medium classification of broadband mobile communication system, and 4) testing/certification system of mobile communication, which is in medium classification of mobile communication testing/certification system.

STUDY AND COMPUTER SIMULATION OF AN ADAPTIVE STATISTIC MODEL FOR MOBILE COMMUNICATION CHANNEL

An adaptive statistic model for mobile communication channel is studied and simulated in this paper. According to the model parameters, an error sequence describing the long burst error characteristics of the mobile communication channel is generated on a computer. A test method using threshold technique is presented to verify the accuracy of the adaptive channel model.

Coordination of multiple mobile robots with limited communication range in pursuit of single mobile target in cluttered environment

This paper addresses the problem of coordinating multiple mobile robots in searching for and capturing a mobile target,with the aim of reducing the capture time.Compared with the previous algorithms,we assume that the target can be detected by any robot and captured successfully by two or more robots.In this paper,we assume that each robot has a limited communication range.We maintain the robots within a mobile network to guarantee the successful capture.In addition,the motion of the target is modeled and incorporated into directing the motion of the robots to reduce the capture time.A coordination algorithm considering both aspects is proposed.This algorithm can greatly reduce the expected time of capturing the mobile target.Finally,we validate the algorithm by the simulations and experiments.

A Novel 28 GHz Phased Array Antenna for 5G Mobile Communications

A novel phased array antenna consisting of 256 elements is presented and experimentally verified for 5G millimeter-wave wireless communications.The antenna integrated with a wave control circuit can perform real-time beam scanning by reconfiguring the phase of an antenna unit.The unit,designed at 28 GHz using a simple patch structure with one PIN diode,can be electronically controlled to generate 1 bit phase quantization.A prototype of the antenna is fabricated and measured to demonstrate the feasibility of this approach.The measurement results indicate that the antenna achieves high gain and fast beam-steering,with the scan beams within±60°range and the maximum gain up to 21.7 dBi.Furthermore,it is also tested for wireless video transmission.In ZTE Shanghai,the antenna was used for the 5G New Radio(NR)test.The error vector magnitude(EVM)is less than 3%and the adjacent channel leakage ratio(ACLR)less than−35 dBc,which can meet 5G system requirements.Compared with the conventional phased array antenna,the proposed phased array has the advantages of low power consumption,low cost and conformal geometry.Due to these characteristics,the antenna is promising for wide applications in 5G millimeter-wave communication systems.

Analysis of the Mobile Communications Market Shares in China Based on Improved Stackelberg Model

Based on improved Cournot model and Stackelberg model,this paper analyzes the firstmover advantage of China Mobile which is in a dominant position;then,by using complete information dynamic game,this paper analyzes the market shares of the oligarchic monopoly market of the mobile communications industry before the restructuring of the telecom industry and tests the analysis conclusion;at the same time,this paper analyzes the market shares in initial stage and mature stage of the mobile communications market after the restructuring.According to the analysis of this paper,China Mobile's market share will drop after the restructuring,the restructuring has a certain effect,but China Mobile is still in a leading position.Whether the duopoly market before the restructuring or the three oligopoly market after the restructuring,every mobile operator has a relatively fixed market share under stable condition.This shows that mobile operators in China should cooperate on the basis of competition when developing the domestic market,and explore the international market to achieve greater development.

A Message Transmission Protocol of a Mobile Data Communication Network

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