Fixed combination of latanoprost and timolol vs the individual components for primary open angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension:a systematic review and meta-analysis

AIM:To assess the effects of the fixed combination of0.005% latanoprost and 0.5% timolol(FCLT) vs their individual components for primary open angle glaucoma(POAG) and ocular hypertension(OHT).· METHODS:After searched PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library and SCI, all randomized controlled clinical trials(RCTs) and cross-over studies were included. The control groups were the monotherapy or the concomitant therapy of latanoprost and timolol. The outcomes were visual field defect, optic atrophy, mean intraocular pressure(IOP) and IOP fluctuation. The analysis was carried out in RevMan version 5.1 software.RESULTS:Thepost-interventionmeanIOPofFCLTwas significantly lower compared to timolol [mean difference(MD)-2.92, 95%CI-3.28 to-2.55, P 【0.00001] and latanoprost(MD-1.11, 95%CI-1.51 to-0.72, P 【0.00001). The postintervention IOP fluctuation was also significantly lower compared to timolol(MD-0.88, 95%CI-1.23 to-0.53, P 【0. 00001) and latanoprost( MD- 0. 63, 95 % CI- 1. 04to-0.22, P =0.002). The mean IOP was higher in FCLT morning dose group than the one in unfixed combination of 0.005% latanoprost and 0.5% timolol(UFCLT)(MD1.10, 95% CI 0.81 to 1.39, P 【0.00001). Otherwise, there was no difference between FCLT evening dose group and UFCLT(MD 0.34, 95% CI-0.01 to 0.69, P =0.06).There was no statistical difference for the incidence ofvisual field defect and optic atrophy between FCLT and the monotherapy of components.CONCLUSION:A better IOP lowering effect has been demonstrated for FCLT compared to the monotherapy of components. The IOP lowering effect was worse for FCLT morning dose and almost same for FCLT evening dose compared to the UFCLT. We need more long-term high quality RCTs to demonstrate the outcomes of visual field defect and optic atrophy.visual field defect and optic atrophy between FCLT and the monotherapy of components.CONCLUSION:A better IOP lowering effect has been demonstrated for FCLT compared to the monotherapy of components. The IOP lowering effect was worse for FCLT morning dose and almost same for FCLT evening dose compared to the UFCLT. We need more long-term high quality RCTs to demonstrate the outcomes of visual field defect and optic atrophy.

The Fixed Point Theorem and the Iterative Approximation of Modified Cauchy Integral Operator of Regular Functions

In the first part of this paper, we discuss the Holder continuity of the cauchy integral operator for regular functions and the relation between ‖T{f}‖α and ‖f‖α. In the second part of this paper, we introduce the modified cauchy integral operator T^- for regular functions. Firstly, we prove that the operator T^- has a unique fixed point by the Banach＇s Contraction Mapping Principle. Secondly, we give the Mann iterative sequence, and then we show the iterative sequence strongly converges to the fixed point of the operator T^-.

ON THE EXISTENCE OF POSITIVE SOLUTIONS TO SECOND ORDER PERIODIC BVPS

The existence of positive solutions to second-order periodic BVPs-u'+Mu =j(t, u),t(0) = u(2π),u'(0) = '(2π) and u'+ Mu = I(t, u), u(0) = u(2π), u'(0) = u'(2π)is proved by a simple appliCation of a Fixed point Theorem in cones due to Krasnoselskii.

MULTIPLE POSITIVE SOLUTIONS TO SINGULAR BOUNDARY VALUE PROBLEMS FOR SUPERLINEAR SECOND ORDER ODES

This paper deals with the existence of positive solutions to the singular boundary value problemwhere q(t) may be singular at t = 0 and t = 1, f(t,y) may be superlinear at y =∞ and singular, at y = 0.

Existence of Multiple Positive Solutions of Discrete Boundary Value Problem

In this paper, we consider the existence of multiple positive solutions of discrete boundary value problem. The theory of fixed point index is used here to derive the existence theorem.

ON A NONLINEAR VOLTERRA-HAMMERSTEIN INTEGRAL EQUATION IN TWO VARIABLES

Using a fixed point theorem of Krasnosel＇skii type, this article proves the exis- tence of asymptotically stable solutions for a Volterra-Hammerstein integral equation in two variables.

THE EXISTENCE OF POSITIVE SOLUTIONS OF THE NONLINEAR NEUTRAL DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS IN A BANACH SPACE

In this paper, the author obtains the existence of positive solutions of nonlinear neutral differential difference equations in a Banach space by means of the fixed point theorems.

Existence of Positive Solutions to Second Order Neumann Boundary Value Problems

The existence of positive solutions to second-order Neumann BVPs -u' + Mu = f(t, u), u'(0) = u'(1) = 0 and u' + Mu = f(t, u), u'(0) =u'(1) is proved by a simple application of a Fixed Point Theorem in cones due to Krasnoselskii[1,6].

Positive Solutions of Sub-Linear Semi-Positone Boundary Value Problem System

In this paper, we study the existence of positive solutions of a sub-linear semi-positone differential boundary value problems system with positive parameter. We prove that the semipositone differential boundary value problems system has at least one positive solution for the parameter sufficiently large.

EXISTENCE OF MULTIPLE SOLUTIONS TO TWO-POINT BOUNDARY VALUE PROBLEMS OF DYNAMIC EQUATIONS ON MEASURE CHAINS

In this paper, we discuss the existence of sign-changing solution, positive solution and negative solution to two-point boundary value problem of dynamic equations on measure chains using the cone theory and the fixed-point index method. The results are different from the previous results.