The paper presents the results of the investigations into the indoor climate and energy efficiency of ventilation devices in residential buildings and nursing homes. The indoor climate studies discussed in the article...The paper presents the results of the investigations into the indoor climate and energy efficiency of ventilation devices in residential buildings and nursing homes. The indoor climate studies discussed in the article were conducted in a nursing home where room ventilation is based on Meltem Air Handling Units (AHU). Similar studies have been carried out in apartment buildings where CO2 levels in bedrooms were compared before and after renovating the ventilation with Meltem AHU and installing exhaust fans in the bathroom/WC and kitchen. Tenants evaluate the use of Meltem AHU in apartments very positively. The article presents the efficiency results of Meltem AHU with different external air temperatures conducted in apartments in real-life situations. The study shows that skilful renovation of ventilation in old apartment buildings enables to achieve good indoor climate and energy saving at the same time.展开更多
The rehabilitation of older buildings for residential use that started in the last few decades of the 20th century has become recurrent in some Brazilian cities. In Sao Paulo, for instance, this subject is within the ...The rehabilitation of older buildings for residential use that started in the last few decades of the 20th century has become recurrent in some Brazilian cities. In Sao Paulo, for instance, this subject is within the context of the revitalization of its downtown area with the reintroduction of residential occupancy in the region as a consequence of actions taken by public and private groups. However, older buildings were designed based on the technologies and regulations available in the past and applied to meet the lifestyles of the time of their construction. This paper presents a method for the analysis of older apartment buildings, diagnosing their strengths and limitations in adapting to both the new Brazilian regulatory and legislative requirements, and the contemporary domestic demands. Requirements, criteria and methods for evaluation were studied, and defined as well as procedures for the application of a method which allows for a physical and systematic analysis of old apartment buildings. It was found that the proposed method can be an important support tool at the moment of studying the feasibility of rehabilitation processes, guiding and providing grounds for the design and building decisions of the professionals involved in these processes.展开更多
The potential to conserve energy in an apartment building in Toronto,Ontario,Canada through the implementation of an advanced envelope system was explored in this study.This paper illustrates the possibility in reduci...The potential to conserve energy in an apartment building in Toronto,Ontario,Canada through the implementation of an advanced envelope system was explored in this study.This paper illustrates the possibility in reducing energy demand through an integrated design process(IDP),where research outcomes were incorporated into the architectural design.Using the floor plan and schematics provided by the designer,a building energy model was established in an advanced simulation program to evaluate the performances of nine low-energy envelope design strategies in reducing the heating and cooling energy consumption.Through this study,it can be concluded that performing detailed energy simulations early in the design process to identify which low-energy envelope strategies can be omitted or substituted in the final envelope design is crucial in identifying the most effective strategies for improving energy performance.This study also demonstrates the potential of collaboration between academia and industry in generating high performance buildings.展开更多
In 2011,the Danish government published an energy strategy for Denmark where one of the main targets are that Denmark should be a fossil-free society by 2050.Calculations show,that in order to reach this goal it is ne...In 2011,the Danish government published an energy strategy for Denmark where one of the main targets are that Denmark should be a fossil-free society by 2050.Calculations show,that in order to reach this goal it is necessary to reduce the energy consumption of the existing building stock by 50 % on average.Since a 50 % reduction is obviously not possible for all buildings,those that can should aim for a so-called “deep energy renovation”,i.e.reducing the energy consumption to a level corresponding to that of new buildings or even more.This paper describes two case studies where multi-story apartment buildings have undergone deep energy renovation.“Traneparken” where the expected energy use after renovation aimed at a level corresponding to that of a new building according to the Danish Building Regulations from 2015.“Sems Have” where the aim was to go even further and meet the requirements expected for new buildings in 2020,i.e.corresponding to the Danish “nearly zero energy”-definition according to the EPBD.The paper reports on calculations and measurements of energy savings,the economy of the projects and looks at the added benefits or co-benefits that residents,housing association and society in general have achieved in addition to significant energy savings.展开更多
Low-rise apartments for low-income residents have been built in Surabaya in recent years. They have four stories and many rooms, and the dwellers are all small traders. Because these projects are built with funds from...Low-rise apartments for low-income residents have been built in Surabaya in recent years. They have four stories and many rooms, and the dwellers are all small traders. Because these projects are built with funds from the government, the buildings are designed to consider the cost of construction, without consideration of embodied energy material. As a result, the buildings are not optimal in terms of embodied energy and construction cost. At present, because there are both concerns over global warning and a worldwide energy crisis, the embodied energy in a building is a very important concept for building design, because it can determine usage of energy in relation to natural sources, especially fossil fuels. This is part of the sustainable design concept. This paper describes research regarding： differences in embodied energy and construction cost between different wall materials, including brick, corn block and lightweight concrete in low rise apartments; the optimal relationship between embodied energy and building cost; and which factors determine these differences. The findings of this research show that lightweight concrete is the best material for the building walls; apartments for low-income in Surabaya still do not represent optimal construction design; and that sustainable buildings are cheaper than those that do not use this concept.展开更多
文摘The paper presents the results of the investigations into the indoor climate and energy efficiency of ventilation devices in residential buildings and nursing homes. The indoor climate studies discussed in the article were conducted in a nursing home where room ventilation is based on Meltem Air Handling Units (AHU). Similar studies have been carried out in apartment buildings where CO2 levels in bedrooms were compared before and after renovating the ventilation with Meltem AHU and installing exhaust fans in the bathroom/WC and kitchen. Tenants evaluate the use of Meltem AHU in apartments very positively. The article presents the efficiency results of Meltem AHU with different external air temperatures conducted in apartments in real-life situations. The study shows that skilful renovation of ventilation in old apartment buildings enables to achieve good indoor climate and energy saving at the same time.
文摘The rehabilitation of older buildings for residential use that started in the last few decades of the 20th century has become recurrent in some Brazilian cities. In Sao Paulo, for instance, this subject is within the context of the revitalization of its downtown area with the reintroduction of residential occupancy in the region as a consequence of actions taken by public and private groups. However, older buildings were designed based on the technologies and regulations available in the past and applied to meet the lifestyles of the time of their construction. This paper presents a method for the analysis of older apartment buildings, diagnosing their strengths and limitations in adapting to both the new Brazilian regulatory and legislative requirements, and the contemporary domestic demands. Requirements, criteria and methods for evaluation were studied, and defined as well as procedures for the application of a method which allows for a physical and systematic analysis of old apartment buildings. It was found that the proposed method can be an important support tool at the moment of studying the feasibility of rehabilitation processes, guiding and providing grounds for the design and building decisions of the professionals involved in these processes.
基金funded by National Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada(NSERC)through Discovery Grant(project reference numbers:313375-07)MITACS ACCELERATE Internship program。
文摘The potential to conserve energy in an apartment building in Toronto,Ontario,Canada through the implementation of an advanced envelope system was explored in this study.This paper illustrates the possibility in reducing energy demand through an integrated design process(IDP),where research outcomes were incorporated into the architectural design.Using the floor plan and schematics provided by the designer,a building energy model was established in an advanced simulation program to evaluate the performances of nine low-energy envelope design strategies in reducing the heating and cooling energy consumption.Through this study,it can be concluded that performing detailed energy simulations early in the design process to identify which low-energy envelope strategies can be omitted or substituted in the final envelope design is crucial in identifying the most effective strategies for improving energy performance.This study also demonstrates the potential of collaboration between academia and industry in generating high performance buildings.
文摘In 2011,the Danish government published an energy strategy for Denmark where one of the main targets are that Denmark should be a fossil-free society by 2050.Calculations show,that in order to reach this goal it is necessary to reduce the energy consumption of the existing building stock by 50 % on average.Since a 50 % reduction is obviously not possible for all buildings,those that can should aim for a so-called “deep energy renovation”,i.e.reducing the energy consumption to a level corresponding to that of new buildings or even more.This paper describes two case studies where multi-story apartment buildings have undergone deep energy renovation.“Traneparken” where the expected energy use after renovation aimed at a level corresponding to that of a new building according to the Danish Building Regulations from 2015.“Sems Have” where the aim was to go even further and meet the requirements expected for new buildings in 2020,i.e.corresponding to the Danish “nearly zero energy”-definition according to the EPBD.The paper reports on calculations and measurements of energy savings,the economy of the projects and looks at the added benefits or co-benefits that residents,housing association and society in general have achieved in addition to significant energy savings.
文摘Low-rise apartments for low-income residents have been built in Surabaya in recent years. They have four stories and many rooms, and the dwellers are all small traders. Because these projects are built with funds from the government, the buildings are designed to consider the cost of construction, without consideration of embodied energy material. As a result, the buildings are not optimal in terms of embodied energy and construction cost. At present, because there are both concerns over global warning and a worldwide energy crisis, the embodied energy in a building is a very important concept for building design, because it can determine usage of energy in relation to natural sources, especially fossil fuels. This is part of the sustainable design concept. This paper describes research regarding： differences in embodied energy and construction cost between different wall materials, including brick, corn block and lightweight concrete in low rise apartments; the optimal relationship between embodied energy and building cost; and which factors determine these differences. The findings of this research show that lightweight concrete is the best material for the building walls; apartments for low-income in Surabaya still do not represent optimal construction design; and that sustainable buildings are cheaper than those that do not use this concept.
